Advances in Chromatographic Analysis of Phenolic Phytochemicals in Foods: Bridging Gaps and Exploring New Horizons.

Chromatographic analysis of phenolic phytochemicals in foods has significantly advanced over the past decade (2014-2024), meeting increasing demands for precision and efficiency. This review covers both conventional and advanced chromatographic techniques used for detecting phenolic phytochemicals in foods. Conventional methods like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography are discussed, along with their benefits and limitations. Advanced techniques, including Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Nano-LC, Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Capillary Electrophoresis, are highlighted for their innovations and improved capabilities. The review addresses challenges in current chromatographic methods, emphasizing the need for standardized and validated procedures according to the Food and Drug Administration, European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories, and The International Organization for Standardization guidelines to ensure reliable and reproducible results. It also considers novel strategies for reducing the environmental impact of chromatographic methods, advocating for sustainable practices in analytical chemistry.

Microencapsulation of green tea polyphenols: Utilizing oat oil and starch-based double emulsions for improved delivery.

The stability and bioavailability of green tea polyphenols, crucial for their health benefits, are compromised by environmental sensitivity, limiting their use in functional foods and supplements. This study introduces a novel water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion technique with microwave-assisted extraction, significantly enhancing the stability and bioavailability of these compounds. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of several encapsulating agents, such as gum Arabic as control and native and modified starches, in improving encapsulated substances' stability and release control. Native and modified starches were chosen for their outstanding film-forming properties, improving encapsulation efficiency and protecting bioactive compounds from oxidative degradation. The combination of maltodextrin and tapioca starch improved phenolic content retention, giving 46.25 ± 2.63 mg/g in tapioca starch microcapsules (GTTA) and 41.73 ± 3.24 mg/g in gum arabic microcapsules (GTGA). Besides the control, modified starches also had the most potent antioxidant activity, with a 45 % inhibition (inh%) in the DPPH analysis. Oat oil was utilized for its superior viscosity and nutritional profile, boosting emulsion stability and providing the integrity of the encapsulated polyphenols, as indicated by the microcapsules' narrow span index (1.30 ± 0.002). The microcapsules' thermal behavior and structural integrity were confirmed using advanced methods such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). This study highlights the critical role of choosing appropriate wall materials and extraction techniques. It sets a new standard for microencapsulation applications in the food industry, paving the way for future innovations.

Simultaneous determination of six catechins and caffeine in tea and wine using salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

Catechins, renowned for their antioxidant properties and health benefits, are commonly present in beverages, particularly tea and wine. An efficient and cost-effective salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of six catechins and caffeine in tea and wine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). This method demonstrates outstanding performance: linearity (1-120 µg/mL, r2 > 0.999), accuracy (96.5%-103.4% recovery), and precision (≤14.7% relative standard deviation), meeting validation requirements set by the US Food and Drug Administration. The reduced sample size (0.1 g) minimizes matrix interferences and costs without compromising sensitivity. All analytes were detected in Camellia sinensis teas, with green tea displaying the highest total catechin content (47.5-100.1 mg/mL), followed by white and black teas. Analysis of wine samples reveals the presence of catechin in all red and white wines, and epigallocatechin gallate in all red wine samples, highlighting the impact of winemaking processes on catechin content. The SALLE-HPLC-UV approach represents a green alternative by eliminating organic waste, surpassing conventional dilution methods in specificity and sensitivity for catechin determination. AGREEprep assessment emphasizes the strengths of the SALLE procedure, including material reusability, throughput efficiency, minimal sample requirements, low energy consumption, and the absence of organic waste generation.

A Review of Quantitative and Topical Analysis of Anthocyanins in Food.

Anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids known for their vibrant colors and health-promoting properties, are pivotal in the nutritional science and food industry. This review article delves into the analytical methodologies for anthocyanin detection and quantification in food matrices, comparing quantitative and topical techniques. Quantitative methods, including High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), offer precise quantification and profiling of individual anthocyanins but require sample destruction, limiting their use in continuous quality control. Topical approaches, such as Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and hyperspectral imaging, provide rapid, in situ analysis without compromising sample integrity, ideal for on-site food quality assessment. The review highlights the advancements in chromatographic techniques, particularly Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with modern detectors, enhancing resolution and speed in anthocyanin analysis. It also emphasizes the growing importance of topical techniques in the food industry for their efficiency and minimal sample preparation. By examining the strengths and limitations of both analytical realms, this article aims to shed light on current challenges and prospective advancements, providing insights into future research directions for improving anthocyanin analysis in foods.

Green infant formula analysis: Optimizing headspace solid-phase microextraction of carbonyl compounds associated with lipid peroxidation using GC-MS and pentafluorophenylhydrazine derivatization.

The refinement and optimization of a method combining headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was successfully performed for the first time to determine seven carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds, including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, dimethylglyoxal, and malondialdehyde in infant formulae, related to lipid peroxidation. HS-SPME was utilized for simultaneous extraction and derivatization with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH). Critical parameters such as temperature, pH, extractive phase, and salting-out were meticulously investigated and fine-tuned by an asymmetrical 2232//9 screening design to ensure the method's efficacy and reliability. Optimal conditions included a PFPH concentration of 5 g/L, pH 5.0, head-space extraction at 60 °C within 10 min, utilizing a DVB/CAR/PDMS coating, and a 20% w/w salting-out. The analytical validation of this method, compliant with FDA guidelines, demonstrated exceptional linearity, sensitivity, specificity, precision (RSD ≤13.8%), and accuracy (84.8% ≤ recovery ≤111.5%). The metric approach AGREEprep confirms its eco-friendliness, marking a significant step towards an environmentally conscious approach in infant formula analysis. An occurrence study conducted on 25 infant formula samples revealed widespread carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds in both powdered and liquid variants. ANOVA results exhibited variations in compound concentrations among different sample groups. Clustering analyses delineated distinct groups based on carbonyl content, indicating the potential of these compounds as markers for lipid peroxidation and food quality assessment. This method serves as a valuable tool for evaluating infant formula quality, stability towards oxidation, and safety.

Simultaneous determination of carbonyl compounds related to thermal treatment and oxidative stability of infant formulas by gas-diffusion microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

Infant formulae are the only possible alternative to breastfeeding during the first year of life, so it is crucial to assure their innocuousness. Infant formula undergoes heat treatments to ensure safety and shelf life. However, such processes impact health as they lead to the formation of malondialdehyde, acrolein, and α-dicarbonyl compounds, related to Maillard reaction. Thus, there is a need for improved analytical methods to ensure the safety, quality, and nutritional value of infant formulae, and also exploring the potential of specific compounds as indicators for quality control and monitoring purposes. We developed and validated a novel, efficient, and cost-effective method using gas-diffusion microextraction for the simultaneous quantification of carbonyl compounds in infant formula. Malondialdehyde, acrolein, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl were detected as o-phenylenediamine derivatives using HPLC with UV detection. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency were studied using an asymmetric screening design. The validated method has shown excellent linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. It was applied to analyze 26 infant formula samples, including starter, follow-up, and special formulated powdered infant formula. Methylglyoxal was found in all samples (0.201-3.153 µg mL-1), while malondialdehyde was present only in certain starter formulas (1.033-1.802 µg mL-1). Acrolein (0.510-3.246 µg mL-1), glyoxal (0.109-1.253 µg mL-1), and diacetyl (0.119-2.001 µg mL-1) were detected in various sample types. Principal components and hierarchical cluster analyses have showcased distinct sample clustering based on analyte contents. This study presents a novel methodology for the analysis of markers of thermal treatment and oxidative stability in infant formula. It contributes to the characterization of the products' composition and quality control of infant formulae, thereby enhancing their safety and nutritional adequacy. This study also presents the first reported quantification of acrolein in infant formula and introduces the application of the acrolein-o-phenylenediamine derivative for food analysis.

Evaluación de la Técnica de Distracción por Sugestión Mágica (DSM) para la Orientación del Comportamiento de pacientes en Odontopediatría / Avaliação da Técnica de Distração por Sugestão Mágica (DSM) para Orientação Comportamental em Pacientes em Odontopediatria: Relato de caso / Evaluation of the Magical Suggestion Distraction Technique (MSD) for Behavioral Guidance in Pediatric Dentistry: Case Reports

La consulta Odontopediátrica constituye un escenario diverso, que demanda métodos creativos y novedosos para orientar el comportamiento del paciente y facilitar su tratamiento. Este artículo presenta el reporte de tres casos clínicos, en los que se utilizó la distracción por sugestión mágica (DSM) como estrategia de orientación del comportamiento. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento del paciente al tratamiento odontológico utilizando la técnica DSM. Metodología: Se seleccionaron 3 pacientes entre los 3 y 6 años de la consulta privada de Odontopediatría en Cúcuta, Colombia, los cuales fueron atendidos por un especialista Odontopediatra. Se implementó la distracción-sugestiva, el juego de fantasía y la imaginación a través de la "Magia" como mecanismo de apertura, para aceptar y responder a nuevas ideas (DSM); usando la escala de Frank se evalúo el comportamiento durante la inducción [P1] y el tratamiento [P2], por el profesional y los autores; los procedimientos fueron filmados en presencia y con consentimiento de los padres. Resultados: Revelan un comportamiento positivo y definitivamente positivo en los 3 pacientes evaluados; dos pacientes se clasificaron en F4 y uno F3+ al finalizar el procedimiento. La aceptación al tratamiento fue progresiva en la inducción y tratamiento. Se observaron cambios positivos en la atención, cooperación y disminución de la ansiedad y miedo. Conclusión: Los hallazgos sugieren que la técnica de Distracción por Sugestión Mágica fue eficaz para lograr un comportamiento y experiencia positiva, creando una ilusión que los pacientes aceptaron con convicción

A prática da odontologia pediátrica é um cenário diversificado que exige métodos criativos e inovadores para orientar o comportamento do paciente e facilitar o tratamento. Este artigo apresenta o relatório de três casos clínicos em que a distração por sugestão mágica (DSM) foi utilizada como estratégia de orientação comportamental. O objetivo era avaliar o comportamento do paciente ao tratamento odontológico usando a técnica DSM. Metodologia: Três pacientes entre 3 e 6 anos de idade foram selecionados de uma clínica odontológica pediátrica particular em Cúcuta, Colômbia, que foram atendidos por um dentista especializado em pediatria. Distração-sugestão, jogo de fantasia e imaginação através da magia foram implementados como um mecanismo de abertura para aceitar e responder a novas idéias (DSM); usando a escala de Frank, o comportamento durante a indução [P1] e o tratamento [P2] foi avaliado usando a escala de Frank pelo médico e pelos autores; os procedimentos foram filmados na presença e com o consentimento dos pais. Resultados: Revelou comportamento positivo e definitivo positivo nos 3 pacientes avaliados; dois pacientes foram classificados como F4 e um F3+ no final do procedimento. A aceitação do tratamento foi progressiva na indução e no tratamento. Foram observadas mudanças positivas na atenção, cooperação e diminuição da ansiedade e do medo. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a técnica de Distração da Sugestão Mágica foi eficaz para alcançar um comportamento e uma experiência positivos, criando uma ilusão que os pacientes aceitaram com convicção

The pediatric dentistry practice is a diverse setting that demands creative and novel methods to guide the patient's behavior and facilitate treatment. This article presents the report of three clinical cases in which distraction by magical suggestion (DSM) was used as a behavioral guidance strategy. The objective was to evaluate the patient's behavior to dental treatment using the DSM technique. Methodology: Three patients between 3 and 6 years of age were selected from a private pediatric dentistry practice in Cucuta, Colombia, who were seen beside a specialist in pediatric dentistry. Distraction-suggestive, fantasy play and imagination through magic were implemented as an opening mechanism to accept and respond to new ideas (DSM); using Frank's scale the behavior during induction [P1] and treatment [P2] was evaluated side by side with the professional and the authors; the procedures were filmed in the presence and with the consent of the parents. Results: Revealed positive and definitely positive behavior in the 3 patients evaluated; two patients were classified as F4 and one as F3+ at the end of the procedure. Acceptance to treatment was progressive at induction and treatment. Positive changes in attention, cooperation, and decreased anxiety and fear were observed. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Magical Suggestion Distraction technique was effective in achieving a positive behavior and experience, creating an illusion that patients accepted with conviction.

Fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos con insuficiencia renal crónica del Hospital Nacional y Hospital Militar en 2021

Introducción: la fuerza muscular puede disminuir en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica por diversas causas. Objetivo: determinar las variables antropométricas, clínicas y la fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos con insuficiencia renal crónica. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron varones y mujeres, mayores de 17 años, portadores de insuficiencia renal crónica que asistían al Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) y Hospital Militar (Asunción), Paraguay, entre abril y noviembre 2021. Se determinaron variables antropométricas, clínicas y laboratoriales. La fuerza muscular se midió con un dinamómetro de mano. Se utilizó un grupo de sujetos jóvenes sanos para la comparación de la fuerza muscular. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva con el programa estadístico Epi Info 7™. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 119 sujetos, siendo 62 (52 %) del sexo masculino con edad media 56±15 años y 57 (48 %) del sexo femenino, con edad media 51±16 años. La media de la depuración de creatinina fue 16,4±17,9 mL/min. La etiología más común fue la asociación de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus (45 %). El grupo se sujetos sanos se constituyó con 99 mujeres con edad media 25±5 años y 51 varones con edad media 26±5 años. Al comparar la fuerza entre los pacientes y los sujetos sanos se halló 66,4 % de fuerza muscular disminuida entre los portadores de insuficiencia renal crónica. Conclusión: la fuerza muscular se halla disminuida en 66,4 % de los pacientes insuficiencia renal crónica. Se recomienda la detección oportuna y el tratamiento precoz del déficit de la fuerza muscular en este grupo de pacientes.

Introduction: muscle strength may decrease in patients with chronic kidney failure due to various causes. Objective: to determine the anthropometric and clinical variables and muscle strength in adult patients with chronic kidney failure. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied. Men and women, older than 17 years, with chronic kidney failure who attended the National Hospital (Itauguá) and Military Hospital (Asunción), Paraguay, between April and November 2021 were included. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables were determined. Muscle strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. A group of healthy young subjects was used for the comparison of muscle strength. Descriptive statistics were applied with the statistical program Epi Info 7 ™. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: 119 subjects entered the study, being 62 (52%) males with a mean age 56 ± 15 years and 57 (48%) females, with a mean age 51 ± 16 years. The mean creatinine clearance was 16.4 ± 17.9 mL / min. The most common etiology was the association of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (45%). The healthy group included 99 women with a mean age 25 ± 5 years and 51 men with a mean age 26 ± 5 years. When comparing strength between patients and healthy subjects, 66.4% decreased muscle strength was found among patients with chronic renal failure. Conclusion: muscle strength is decreased in 66.4% of chronic kidney failure patients. Early detection and early treatment of muscle strength deficit is recommended in this group of patients.

Colecistitis aguda durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo: reporte de un caso / Acute cholecystitis during the second trimester of pregnancy: A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La colecistitis aguda es la segunda causa más frecuente de urgencia quirúrgica no obstétrica, con una incidencia de 1 caso por cada 1600 a 10,000 embarazos. OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de una paciente con colecistitis aguda durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo tratada mediante cirugía laparoscópica. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 34 años, con 16.5 semanas de embarazo. Acudió a consulta debido a un dolor abdominal de tipo cólico en el hipocondrio derecho. A la exploración física se encontraron: abdomen blando, depresible, dolor a la palpación en el flanco e hipocondrio derechos, signo de Murphy negativo, sin datos de irritación peritoneal; no se palparon plastrones; el útero se encontraba arriba de la sínfisis del pubis. El ultrasonido abdominal mostró la vesícula debidamente delimitada, con bordes regulares y definidos, con pared delgada y múltiples cálculos en su interior. No se evidenció leucocitosis. Los reportes de la laparoscopia fueron: vesícula con paredes a tensión, el conducto cístico corto, dilatado, con un cálculo retenido. No se informaron complicaciones. La paciente fue dada de alta a las 48 horas del posoperatorio. Continuó en control prenatal y finalizó el embarazo por cesárea. El desenlace neonatal fue satisfactorio. CONCLUSIONES: La colecistitis es una de las principales alteraciones durante el embarazo. Postergar la cirugía supone consecuencias para la madre y el feto, por lo que debe establecerse el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Bile duct pathologies, specifically acute cholecystitis, is the second most common cause of non-obstetric surgical emergency, with an incidence of 1 in 1,600 to 10,000 pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: Report of a case of a patient with acute cholecystitis during the second trimester of pregnancy treated by laparoscopic surgery. CLINICAL CASE: 34-year-old female, pregnancy 3, childbirth 2; with pregnancy of 16.5 weeks. She presented colicky abdominal pain located in the right upper quadrant. Physical examination revealed abdomen with normoaudible peristalsis, soft, depressible, pain on medium and deep palpation in the right hypochondrium, murphy sign (-), no evidence of peritoneal irritation, no plastrons palpated, uterus above symphysis of the pubis. Abdominal ultrasound reports a well-defined vesicle with regular and well-defined borders, with a thin wall, with the presence of multiple stones in its interior. There was no presence of leukocytosis. Laparoscopic surgical management was decided, during which a gallbladder with tension walls, a short, dilated cystic duct, with an impacted stone was found. No complications were reported. She continued her prenatal care in our hospital unit and the pregnancy was resolved by cesarean section. Neonatal outcomes were optimal. CONCLUSIONS: Cholecystitis is one of the main non-obstetric surgical pathologies that occur in pregnancy, it is important to consider that the fact of postponing surgery could have consequences for both the mother and the fetus, so the timely diagnosis and management of this type of pathology must be carried out.

Supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en estadios avanzados. Matanzas / Survival of patients with non-small cells lung cancer in advanced stages. Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en estadios avanzados tiene una alta incidencia y mortalidad. Los tratamientos que se emplean son la quimioterapia, la radioterapia, las terapias dirigidas y la inmunoterapia. Es preferible que los tratamientos se realicen en el marco de ensayos clínicos. Tiene una precaria supervivencia a los cinco años del diagnóstico. Objetivo: determinar la supervivencia global de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, en estadios avanzados. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico cito-histológico de cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, en estadios avanzados. De un universo de 463 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Oncología Provincial de Matanzas, se conformó una muestra de 348. Período comprendido desde enero del 2013 a diciembre del 2016. Las variables estudiadas se tomaron de las historias clínicas y la base de datos nacional de fallecidos por cáncer de pulmón. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes se diagnosticaron en etapa IV (71,69 %), la modalidad de tratamiento más utilizada fue la quimioterapia (61,2 %). Los fármacos más empleados fueron las sales de platino en el78,73 %. La supervivencia global en la etapa IV fue de 1,23 % a cinco años. La modalidad de tratamiento de mayor supervivencia fue la inmunoterapia, con 3,33 % y la supervivencia global fue de 2 %. Conclusiones: predominó la etapa IV de la enfermedad. La quimioterapia a base de sales de platino como esquema de tratamiento de primera línea y la inmunoterapia como modalidad de tratamiento reportaron mayor supervivencia global, aunque esta fue precaria (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: non-small cell lung cancer in advanced stages shows a high incidence and mortality. The treatments used against it are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, directed therapies and immunotherapy. It is better to perform the treatments in the context of clinical trials. It has a precarious survival at the fifth year after diagnosis. Objective: to determine the global survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in advanced stages. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study in patients with cyto-histological diagnosis of non-small lung cancer in advanced stages. A sample of 348 patients was formed from the universe of 463 patients who attended the Provincial Service of Oncology in the period from January 2013 to December 2016. The studied variables were taken from the clinical records and the national database of deceased due to lung cancer. Results: most of patients were diagnosed at the stage IV (71.69 %); the most used treatment modality was chemotherapy (61.2). The most used drugs were platinum salts in 78.73 %. The global survival at the IV stage was 1.23 at five years. The treatment modality of greater survival was immunotherapy, with 3.33 % and the global survival was 2 %. Conclusions: the disease's stage IV predominated. The platinum salts-based chemotherapy as the first line treatment scheme and immunotherapy as treatment modality provided higher global survival, although it was precarious (AU).

La resistencia a los antibióticos: un problema muy serio / Resistance to antibacterial agents: A serious problem

El uso de los antibióticos desde los años 40 del siglo pasado permitió disminuir en forma importante y notable la morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la aparición de la resistencia antimicrobiana ha hecho que el tratamiento de las enfermedades infecciosas, se vuelva una tarea desafiante para el médico que debe brindar opciones terapéuticas, racionales y basadas en evidencias para mejorar la salud de los pacientes. Esta revisión brinda una visión panorámica sobre la gravedad de este problema y el papel preponderante que deben asumir los sistemas de salud en el apoyo a los profesionales de la salud y en la educación de los pacientes para llegar al ansiado uso racional de estos medicamentos.

The use of antibiotics since mid-twentieth century significantly reduced morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has made therapy of infectious diseases a challenging task for physicians, who must provide therapeutic, rational and evidence-based options aiming to improve their patients’ health. This review provides an overview on how serious the current situation and the paramount role is that health systems must play in supporting healthcare professionals and educating patients in order to achieve rational use of these medications.

Linfomas de colon: análisis de nuestra experiencia en los últimos 23 años / Colon lymphomas: an analysis of our experience over the last 23 years

Introducción: el linfoma de colon (LC) es una variedad poco frecuente de los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) que representa menos del 0,6% de todas las neoplasias primarias del colon. Realizar un diagnóstico precoz es difícil debido a que las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue presentar nuestra experiencia en los últimos años en cuanto a características clínicas, endoscópicas, histológicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de los LC. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó un análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes con LC diagnosticados desde 1994 hasta 2016 en el Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid. Resultados: se identificaron 29 pacientes con LC (mediana de edad 67 años, 18 hombres [62%]). Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron dolor abdominal, síndrome constitucional, diarrea y masa abdominal palpable. Ocho (27,6%) pacientes se encontraban asintomáticos y seis (20,6%) debutaron con complicaciones quirúrgicas. En 24 pacientes se realizó colonoscopia y los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron infiltración difusa y tumoración. La localización más común fue el colon descendente y sigma. Los subtipos histológicos más frecuentes fueron: LNH de células B del manto y linfoma difuso de células grandes tipo B. Se trató con quimioterapia a 28 pacientes (96,5%), con cirugía a seis (20,7%) y uno recibió quimio y radioterapia. La mediana del tiempo de supervivencia fue de 156 meses. La supervivencia al año fue del 100,0% y a los diez años, del 55,0%. Conclusiones: debido al aspecto endoscópico variable del LC, es necesario el estudio histológico de todos los segmentos del colon. El tratamiento de elección es la quimioterapia y en casos de complicaciones es necesaria la cirugía urgente con quimioterapia posterior. Los principales factores asociados a peor supervivencia son la edad mayor de 65 años, la existencia de recidiva y las respuestas parciales o nulas

Introduction: colon lymphoma (CL) is an uncommon variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that represents less than 0.6% of all primary colonic neoplasms. Early diagnosis is challenging as clinical manifestations are non-specific. The goal of this review was to discuss our experience over the last few years regarding the clinical, endoscopic, histological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of CL. Patients and methods: a retrospective, descriptive analysis of patients with CL diagnosed from 1994 to 2016 at the Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Madrid, Spain) was performed. Results: a total of 29 patients with CL were identified, with a median age of 67 years; 18 were male (62%). The most common clinical manifestations included abdominal pain, constitutional syndrome, diarrhea and a palpable abdominal mass. Eight (27.6%) patients were asymptomatic and six (20.6%) initially presented with surgical complications. A colonoscopy was performed in 24 patients and the most common findings included diffuse infiltration and solid growth. The most common location was the descending and sigmoid colon. The most common histological subtypes included mantle B-cell NHL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy was administered to 28 patients (96.5%), surgery was performed in six (20.7%) and combined chemo-radiotherapy was administered to one patient. Median survival was 156 months. Survival was 100.0% at one year and 55.0% at ten years. Conclusions: due to the variable aspects of CL on endoscopy, a histological study of all colonic segments is required. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice and emergency surgery followed by chemotherapy is required for complications. Primary factors associated with poorer survival include age above 65 years, relapsing disease and partial or nil responses

Usos y limitaciones de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) y la tomografía computarizada multidetector (TCMD) en cirugía de cabeza y cuello: una revisión de la literatura / Uses and limitations of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in head and neck surgery: a review

Desde su introducción en el campo médico en la década de los 70, la tomografía computarizada ha sido de gran valor diagnóstico en las diferentes zonas anatómicas corporales. Este avance fue estudiado y adaptado por la radiología oral y maxilofacial, desarrollando un equipo, el cual utiliza un haz cónico de rayos X, los cuales son captados por sensores que reconstruyen una imagen tridimensional que mejora su capacidad de visualización de las diferentes estructuras orofaciales, lo que evita la superposición de imágenes que se producían en los exámenes tradicionales 2D. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) ha incrementado su uso en otros campos de la región de cabeza y cuello, principalmente en las áreas que involucran la reconstrucción de tejidos óseos o correcciones de anomalías congénitas o adquiridas; por su gran calidad de imagen, su baja dosis de radiación comparada con los equipos médicos tradicionalmente usados y su bajo costo. Debido a esto, y al no existir protocolos ni consensos definidos sobre los usos y limitaciones de esta tecnología, se realizó esta revisión teniendo en cuenta las diferentes aplicaciones de la TCHC en el área de la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. (AU)

Since its introduction in the field of medicine in the 1970s, computed tomo-graphy has been of great diagnostic value in different anatomical areas of the body. This technological advance was evaluated and adapted for oral and maxillofacial radiology through the deve-lopment of equipment that uses an x-ray cone beam which is captured by flat panel detectors in order to construct a three-dimensional image, improving the ability to visualize the different orofacial struc-tures while avoiding the superposition of images which occurs during traditional two-dimensional examinations. The use of CBCT has increased in other aspects of head and neck surgery, particularly in treatments that involve the reconstruction of bone tissue or the correction of conge-nital or acquired anomalies, because of the high image quality for hard tissue, low radiation dose compared with traditional medical equipment, and low cost. In the absence of protocols and consensus on the uses and limitations of this tech-nology, the objective of this review was to consider the different applications for CBCT in the area of head and neck surgery. (AU)

Autochthonous probiotic mixture improves biometrical parameters of larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Caracidae, Characiforme, Teleostei) / Mistura probiótica autótona melhora os parâmetros biométricos nas larvas de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Caracidae, Characiforme, Teleostei)

ABSTRACT: Probiotics are a novel alternative to antibiotics as growth factors. Previously, our group isolated, selected and tested in vivo, eight autochthonous strains. They showed no significant effects when administered individually. However, the best doses, stages and ways of administration were combined in a multi strain formula. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of this probiotic product on the growth and survival of Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae. The administration was implemented during egg incubation and endogenous feeding period (5), during larvae exogenous feeding period (10) and all along the experiment (15). A group without microorganisms was used as control. The probiotic generates significant increments of mean weight and not significant increases of survival and biomass in two of the three tested stages. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of an autochthonous probiotic formula for the culture of this native fish species.

RESUMO: Os probióticos são uma alternativa inovadora aos antibióticos como fatores de crescimento. Anteriormente, nosso grupo isolou, selecionou e testou in vivo oito cepas autóctones. Estas não apresentaram efeitos significativos quando administrados individualmente. No entanto, as melhores doses, etapas e formas da administração foram combinadas para a formulação de um produto contendo multiples cepa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito deste produto probiótico no crescimento e sobrevivência de larvas de Piaractus mesopotamicus. A administração foi implementada durante a incubação de ovos e período de alimentação endógeno (5), durante o período de alimentação exógeno das larvas (10) e ao longo do experimento (15). Um grupo sem microrganismos foi utilizado como controle. O probiótico gera um incremento significativo de peso médio e não significativo de sobrevivência e biomassa em dois dos três estágios testados. Estes resultados demonstram a eficácia de uma fórmula probiótica autóctone para a cultura desta espécie de peixe nativa.

Hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular en la cavidad oral: reporte de un caso / Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: report of a case

La hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular (HEPI) es una lesiónbenigna muy poco común en la cavidad oral. Fue descrita por primera vez por Masson en 1923 como hemangioendotelioma vegetante intravascular; más adelante, se le dieron diferentes nombres como angiomatosis intravascular, seudoangiosarcoma de Masson y, por último, hiperplasia endotelial papilífera intravascular. Los hallazgos en bocason poco comunes, y cuando se presentan, generalmente es en labio.Se expone el caso clínico de un paciente de 78 años de edad con una lesión asintomática bilobular en encía, que refi ere una evolución lenta y progresiva de 10 años. Se emitió un diagnóstico clínico presuntivo degranuloma periférico de células gigantes y se procedió a realizar biopsiaescisional, así como su envío a estudio histopatológico para confirmar eldiagnóstico; se emitió el diagnóstico de HEPI y se confirmó por medio de inmunohistoquímica. Esta lesión puede ser fácilmente confundida con neoplasias malignas vasculares (angiosarcoma, sarcoma de Kaposi),tanto clínica como histopatológicamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir mediante un caso clínico la importancia de un correcto diagnóstico a través de una adecuada exploración clínica, así comouna observación microscópica a conciencia y la comunicación interdisciplinaria entre el cirujano maxilofacial y el patólogo bucal, para no confundir esta entidad benigna con otro tipo de patologías que requieren tratamientos más agresivos e invasivos, sin ser adecuados para la HEPI.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a rarebenign lesion in the oral cavity. It was fi rst described by Massonin 1923 as intravascular vegetating hemangio endothelioma, andlater received diff erent names, like «intravascular angiomatosis¼,«Masson’s pseudoangiosarcoma¼ and «intravascular papillaryendothelial hyperplasia¼; fi ndings in the mouth are rare, and when present, they are generally in the lip. The clinical case presented is a78-year-old patient with a bilobular asymptomatic lesion in gingivawith a slow and progressive 10-year evolution. A presumptive clinicaldiagnosis of peripheral giant-cell granuloma was issued, followed byan excisional biopsy and histopathology study to confi rm the diagnosis;it had been correctly diagnosed as IPEH, which was confi rmed byimmuno histochemistry. This lesion can be easily confused with vascular malignancies (angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma) both clinically andhistologically. The intention of this work is, through a clinical case,to describe the importance of a correct diagnosis by a proper clinical examination, detailed microscopic observation and interdisciplinary communication between the surgeon and the pathologist, in order toavoid a misdiagnosis of this benign entity with other pathologies tha trequire more aggressive and invasive treatments, inadequate for IPEH.

Validación de movimientos de coordinación en extremidades superiores para rehabilitación virtual usando pendientes lineales / Validation coordinating movements in upper limbs for virtual rehabilitation using using slopes

El desarrollo del presente trabajo se fundamenta en la importancia de apoyar los tratamientos de Rehabilitación Motriz por medio de Tecnología Informática para beneficio de los pacientes y especialistas del área. De acuerdo a un análisis realizado de las tecnologías existentes para la Rehabilitación Motriz, se ha identificado una serie de inconvenientes que limitan su uso en algunos tratamientos y por consecuencia los pacientes no continúan o no finalizan sus terapias, en este trabajo se propone emplear una herramienta de bajo costo (sensor Microsoft Kinect) que apoye en la captura de movimientos de los puntos clave de las extremidades superiores (manos, codos y hombros) usando pendientes lineales. Así mismo, se han realizado una serie de pruebas a 21 usuarios, en donde se evaluaron sus movimientos mediante umbrales que determinaron si un ejercicio fue realizado correctamente(AU)

The development of this researckneh is based on supporting Motor Rehabilitation treatments using Information Technology for the benefit of patients and specialists in the area. According to an analysis of current technologies for Motor Rehabilitation, we have identified some disadvantages that limit their use in the treatment and therefore patients do not continue or complete their therapies, this study intends to use a tool low cost (Microsoft Kinect sensor) to support the motion capture of the key points of the upper extremities (hands, elbows and shoulders) using a slopes. Also, the tests were conducted with 21 users, the algorithm evaluated some movements, the thresholds used determined the correct exercises(AU)