RESUMEN
Citrus grandis Osbeck, commonly known as "pomelo" or "shaddock," is the largest citrus fruit, the peel of which is a well-known agricultural residual waste. Pomelo peel offers a wide range of components such as essential oils, polysaccharides, and phytochemicals with potential food applications. Utilization of pomelo peel to recover these components is an important step toward agricultural sustainability. This review covers pomelo peel utilization opportunities beyond conventional composting and animal feed production, and critically examines value-added uses via the recovery of potentially bioactive components. The peel of pomelo accounts for approximately 30% of the total fruit weight and contains phytochemicals, including aroma-active volatiles, pectin, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, coumarins, and polysaccharides. Recovery of these phytochemicals offers an opportunity for value-added utilization such as the development of enriched or functional foods and nutraceuticals. The health-promoting and therapeutic potential of pomelo peel extracts and isolated pure compounds have been evaluated through numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that revealed a wide range of bioactivities, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Preclinical evidence highlights multifaceted molecular and signaling events that possibly underlie the said bioactive potential. Overall, the pomelo processing industry offers a great opportunity to recover or produce valuable products from the large amounts of residual wastes it generates. It is envisaged that a thorough understanding of the bioactive components of pomelo peel, their functional and nutraceutical applications, and mode of actions will benefit the food industry.
Asunto(s)
Citrus/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Frutas/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the presence of anxiety disorder and severity of anxiety symptoms in an extensive series of consecutive patients with JME and its association with epilepsy-related factors. In addition, we evaluated the impact of anxiety and clinical variables on social adjustment. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 112 (56.2 % females, mean age 27.2 years) patients with an electroclinical diagnosis of JME and 61 (52.4 % females, mean age 29.3 years) healthy controls. Anxiety symptoms were assessed by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Social functioning was addressed with Self-Report Social Adjustment Scale (SAS). The patient group was also evaluated with a psychiatric interview. RESULTS: Patients with JME presented more severe anxiety symptoms and worse social adjustment compared with controls. The presence of anxiety disorder and the severity of anxiety symptoms was associated with frequent seizures - generalized tonic-clonic seizures (p = 0.008) and drug-resistant epilepsy (p = 0.021). Regarding social adjustment, the severity of anxiety symptoms was associated with lower economic adjustment (p = 0.039), while the presence of anxiety disorder impacted family relationships (p 0.025). The presence of hard-to-control myoclonic seizure was associated with lower scores on work (p = 0.019), leisure activities (p = 0.008), family relationship (p = 0.022) and overall social adjustment (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Patients with JME have severe anxiety symptoms and worse social adjustment. Anxiety disorder and symptoms were associated with frequent seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy-related factors and anxiety impaired distinct aspects of social functioning.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia Mioclónica Juvenil , Adulto , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Convulsiones , Ajuste SocialRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Decision making (DM) is one aspect of impulsivity that can be defined by the ability to decide between two or more options in a given situation. To date, there are at least two types of DM that differ in the level of uncertainty, and how much information about consequences is provided. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the two domains of DM - under risk and ambiguous - with a comprehensive evaluation in a group of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and correlate with patients' characteristics, clinical variables, and neuropsychological evaluation for executive functions. METHODS: We evaluated 35 patients with JME and 39 healthy controls using the Iowa Gambling Task for DM under ambiguity and the Game Dice Task for DM under risk. We assessed the performance in Iowa Gambling Task and Game Dice Task through net scores, safe and risky choices, besides the type of decisions across time. RESULTS: Patients with JME had a higher number of risky choices compared to controls in the Game Dice Task. There was no significant difference between patients and controls in the Iowa Gambling Task. However, patients with higher seizure frequency had worse scores on decks C and D (safe choices) from the Iowa Gambling Task. CONCLUSION: Patients with JME have worse performance on DM under risk. The same was not observed for DM under ambiguity. Epilepsy-related factors and the presence of psychiatric disorders, but not executive dysfunction, were associated with a lower tendency for safe choices. These findings showed a dissociation between DM processes in patients with JME and a tendency to make disadvantageous decisions with measurable risks.
Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones/fisiología , Epilepsia Mioclónica Juvenil/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Asunción de Riesgos , Incertidumbre , Adolescente , Adulto , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Femenino , Juego de Azar/diagnóstico , Juego de Azar/psicología , Humanos , Conducta Impulsiva/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epilepsia Mioclónica Juvenil/diagnóstico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a major public health problem and cervical length measurement using transvaginal ultrasound is the gold standard for predicting its occurrence. However, its cost and the limited availability of equipment and trained sonologists has limited its use only for screening for high risk patients and those with history of preterm birth. Those patients without risk factors are not recommended for routine screening although they constitute the majority of spontaneous preterm deliveries. The newly marked cervicometer, Cervilenz©, an easy-to-use and cheaper device, has been found to be comparable to transvaginal ultrasound in predicting preterm birth and may be used to universally screen all patients regardless of their risk status,however, at present, it is only available in the United Sates.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine if an improvised cervicometer such as the insertion tube of an intrauterine device can also be used as a screening tool for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in uncomplicated pregnancies.METHODS: The cervical length of 126 patients at 14 to RESULTS: It was found that those with short cervical length of 0.05 at Cl 95%). The negative predictive value was found to be 100%, 95%, 88% at CONCLUSION: An improvised cervicometer such as the insertion tube of an intrauterine device can be used as a screening tool for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in uncomplicated pregnancies.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Cuello del Útero , Nacimiento Prematuro , PacientesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the integrity of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography in patients with congenital polymicrogyria (PMG) and language disorders. METHODS: Twelve patients with PMG and 12 matched controls were prospectively evaluated with DTI (32 gradient encoding directions, b-value=1000 s/mm(2)) at 3.0T. The AF was virtually dissected with a deterministic streamline approach. DTI metrics included FA (fractional anisotropy), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). A subset of patients (n=4) was evaluated to assess cognitive performance and language skills. RESULTS: Qualitative evaluation revealed several abnormalities in tracts size and architecture in nearly all PMG patients. Remarkably, in 3 patients with bilateral PMG, the AF was not delineated on both hemispheres. In comparison to controls, patients exhibited significant decrease of FA (p=0.003) in addition to increase of RD (p=0.03) in the right AF, whereas there was significant increase of MD in the left AF (p=0.04). All 4 patients with language evaluation had suboptimal performance on lexical fluency and prosodic linguistic. CONCLUSIONS: DTI and tractography suggest that the AF is severely disrupted in patients with PMG, providing an anatomical in vivo substrate for the language disorders commonly associated with these cortical malformations.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/patología , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Trastornos del Lenguaje/complicaciones , Polimicrogiria/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos del Lenguaje/patología , Masculino , Polimicrogiria/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Interstitial pregnancy is a form of ectopic pregnancy in an unusual location, implanting on the intramural part of the fallopian tube. Because the myometrium is highly distensible, it may allow an interstitial pregnancy to advance up to 16 weeks where it usually presents with rupture. Its late diagnosis and severe hemorrhagic complication accounts for a higher mortality rate compared to other ectopics. On the other hand, interstitial pregnancies that progress to term or near term are extremely rare. From the 10 cases published in literature reporting the delivery of a live term or near term fetus, only 1 of these cases has antenatally diagnosed the presence of interstitial pregnancy prior to rupture by investigating a probable placenta accreta found on ultrasound. This report discusses a case of a ruptured full term interstitial pregnancy diagnosed intraoperatively which resulted to a live mother and baby, and describes retrospectively the similar ultrasound findings of placenta accreta which was realized after rupture.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Embarazo , Embarazo Intersticial , Trompas Uterinas , Placenta Accreta , Miometrio , Madres , Diagnóstico Tardío , Nacimiento a Término , FetoRESUMEN
A versão infantil do Teste de Ler a Mente nos Olhos (Reading the Mind in Eyes Test - Child Version ) de Simon Baron-Cohen, é composto por 28 fotografias da região dos olhos de indivíduos com diferentes expressões e tem como objetivo uma quantificação da habilidade do indivíduo em inferir estados mentais a partir de expressões faciais, sendo usualmente utilizado como um instrumento para avaliação de Teoria da Mente. Neste trabalho foi feito um estudo de validade de uma versão em português do teste, visando maiores esclarecimentos acerca de suas propriedades psicométricas. O teste foi aplicado em uma amostra controle de 434 crianças de dois estados brasileiros, São Paulo e Santa Catarina, cursando o ensino fundamental e em uma amostra clínica de 20 crianças diagnosticadas com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo. Foram encontrados um índice de consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) de 0,718 e variância estatisticamente significativa de acordo com o ano escolar. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas com relação ao sexo e Estado. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos escores dos grupos controle e clínico. Os resultados foram, portanto, parcialmente favoráveis para validade de construto, mas não foram encontradas evidências de validade critério.(AU)
The "Reading the Mind in Eyes Test - Child Version" by Simon Baron-Cohen, consists of 28 photographs of the eye region of people with different expressions and aim a quantification of the individual's ability to infer mental states from facial expressions, and is usually used as an instrument for assessing Theory of Mind. This paper is a study of validity of a Portuguese version of the test, seeking further clarification about its psychometric properties. The test was applied to a control group of 434 children from two Brazilian states, Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina, in elementary school and a clinical group of 20 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders. We found an index of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.718 and statistically significant variance in accordance with the school year. There were no significant differences with regard to gender and state. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of clinical and control groups. The results were therefore partially favorable to construct validity, but there was no evidence of criterion validity.(AU)