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To mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccines have been rapidly developed and introduced in many countries. In Colombia, the population was vaccinated with four vaccines. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the ability of the vaccines introduced in the National Vaccination Plan to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and induce seroconversion and sought to investigate the longevity of antibodies in the blood. We conducted a prospective, nonprobabilistic, consecutive cross-sectional cohort study in a population with access to vaccination with CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, AZD1222, and BNT162b2 from March 2021 to March 2022. The study included 1327 vaccinated people. A plurality of participants were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (36.1%; n = 480), followed by Ad26.COV2.S (26.9%; n = 358), CoronaVac (24%; n = 331), and AZD1222 (11.9%; n = 158). The crude seroprevalence on day zero varied between 18.1% and 57.8%. Participants who received BNT162b2 had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than those who received the other vaccines. Participants who were immunized with BNT162b2 and AZD1222 had a higher probability of losing reactivity on day 210 after receiving the vaccine.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the prominent causes of cancer related deaths because, in part, there is not an early, non-invasive, effective detection strategy. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. In this study, we evaluated the miRNA profile in sixteen CRC tissues by Next-Generation-Sequencing and compared the circulating expression levels of 22 miRNAs among 45 CRC, 14 hyperplastic polyps, 11 advanced adenoma patients and 45 control subjects, by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, to search for miRNAs which could be potential biomarkers. In total, nine of them represented 70% of total read counts (miR-10a-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-92a-3p and miR-143-5p). In silico analysis found eight candidates to mature miRNAs. With respect to circulating miRNA, we found higher serum expression levels of miR-143-3p, miR-141-3p and miR-200c-3p in the CRC and adenoma groups compared with controls (P<0.002), and we also found significant higher levels of miR-141-3p and miR-200c-3p in serum of adenoma patients compared with the CRC group. In conclusion, the measurement of miRNAs in the blood could complement current screening methods for CRC and might provide new insights into mechanisms of tumorigenesis. miR-143-3p, miR-141-3p and miR-200c-3p could be interesting miRNAs to study as potential biomarkers for CRC.
RESUMEN
Introduction: The main indications for a loop ileostomy are to protect a distal anastomosis or to management of an anastomotic leak. However, it is a procedure with complications arising from its confection, function or closure. There are sparse local data on this topic. Objective: To describe the global morbidity from loop ileostomies. Method: Patients who underwent a loop ileostomy between January 2009 and January 2012 were retrospectively included. Demographics, indications, complications from the making, function and closure of the ileostomy was recorded. Results: The series consists of 64 patients. The total percentage of complications was 40.3 percent. Complications arising from the confection, function and closure were 4.7 percent, 18.7 percent and 16.9 percent respectively. Two patients were readmitted for dehydration with a total of 4 readmissions. Four patients were reoperated for morbidity of ileostomy closure, two intestinal obstructions, one leak and one enterotomy. Conclusion: In this study, loop ileostomy complications are present in a substantial proportion of patients. It should be take in consideration at the moment of making it.
Introducción: Las principales indicaciones de ileostomías en asa son proteger una anastomosis distal de alto riesgo o el manejo de una complicación séptica derivada de una filtración. Sin embargo, es un procedimiento que no está exento de complicaciones derivadas de la confección, función o cierre. En este contexto, existen escasas publicaciones que incluyen la morbilidad sumatoria. Objetivo: Describir la morbilidad global derivada de las ileostomías en asa. Método: Se incluyó en forma retrospectiva los pacientes a quienes se les practicó una ileostomía en asa de protección de una anastomosis distal entre enero de 2009 y enero de 2012. Se registraron datos demográficos, indicaciones y complicaciones derivadas de la confección, función y cierre de la ostomía. Resultados: La serie consta de 64 pacientes. Un 40,3 por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron una o más complicaciones. Complicaciones derivadas de la confección, función y cierre de la ileostomía fueron 4,7 por ciento, 18,7 por ciento y 16,9 por ciento respectivamente. Se rehospitalizaron por deshidratación 2 pacientes con un total de 4 rehospitalizaciones. Se reoperaron 4 pacientes por morbilidad del cierre de la ileostomía, 2 por obstrucción intestinal, 1 filtración y 1 enterotomía inadvertida. Conclusión: Las ileostomías en asa presentan complicaciones en un importante porcentaje de los pacientes, lo que debe ser tomado en cuenta al decidir su confección.