RESUMEN
Global climate change, habitat fragmentation, and human interference have resulted in a significant, ongoing decline in the population of goitered gazelles. Effective conservation strategies require an understanding of resource requirements of threatened species, such as dietary needs. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the food composition and seasonal dietary changes of goitered gazelles through microhistological analyses of fresh feces. Fabaceae (11.5%), Gramineae (9.4%), Chenopodiaceae (20.2%), Asteraceae (10.1%), and Rosaceae (19.5%) formed the primary dietary components of goitered gazelle. Additionally, Krascheninnikovia arborescens (13.4%) and Prunus sibirica (16.3%) were identified as the key forage plants. Forbs (50.4%) were the predominant plants for grazing throughout the year, particularly in the spring (72.9%). The proportion of trees in the diet was highest in the autumn (36.7%) and comparatively lower in other seasons. Furthermore, the proportions of shrubs (22.0%) and graminoids (14.8%) both reached their peaks in the winter. Our findings indicate that goitered gazelles strategically forage seasonally to cope with resource bottlenecks, enhancing their adaptability to arid and semi-arid habitats. Our study provides essential ecological information for the conservation of goitered gazelles and emphasizes the importance of dietary studies of species of ecological significance in environmentally sensitive areas.
RESUMEN
Constant adaptation to environmental changes is required by ruminants to allow them to adapt to different ecological niches and feeding habits. In addition, the morphology and function of ruminant digestive systems reveal some adaptive evolutionary characteristics. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) display a variety of morpho-physiological adaptations that are typical of grazers. In this study, we collected 64 adult blue sheep samples (whole animal carcasses) from the Helan Mountains, China, during different seasons. The external morphological parameters, digestive system morphological indexes, and rumen surface enlargement factors were determined. Our results reveal that the rumen and reticulum weights were positively correlated with the body weight (p = 0.004), while the food channel aperture, intestinal length, and weight of the blue sheep digestive tract presented no significant differences between different seasons (p > 0.05) and sexes (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in the density, length, and width of mastoids, and the rumen surface enlargement factor was 2.85 ± 1.37, which is typical of roughage feeders. The nutritional and ecological characteristics of blue sheep represent obvious morphological and physiological adaptations to an herbivorous diet. Adopting a quick foraging strategy allows blue sheep to rapidly consume and excrete large amounts of feed, thus obtaining the required energy for their activities and facilitating better adaption to environmental changes.
RESUMEN
The Siberian Rubythroat (Calliope calliope), a shy and cautious passerine bird, is widely distributed throughout Siberia, Asia, and Europe. In this study, the complete mitogenome of the Siberian Rubythroat samples collected in Heilongjiang, China, was sequenced. The whole length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,840 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. Only one overlapping gene was found among the 13 protein-coding genes (ND4L/ND4). The length of the control region is 1068 bp. The nucleotide composition is 29.32% A, 23.05% T, 14.80% G, and 32.82% C. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close genetic relationship between C. calliope and Luscinia cynaura.
RESUMEN
The Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) (Linnaeus 1758) is a member of the Passeriformes family of birds and primarily feeds on grass seeds and grains. Muscle tissue was collected from birds sampled from Moar Mountain, China, and the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced. Its mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). The genome comprises 30.30% A, 23.32% T, 14.31% G, and 32.07% C bases. Phylogenetically, F. montifringilla is closely related to the Fringilla coelebs, Fringilla teydea teydea and Fringilla polatzeki.
RESUMEN
The Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia) is a secondary cavity nesting bird and widely distributed in China, Mongolia, Russia and Korea. In this study firstly sequenced the mitotic genome of the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia) gathered at Maorshan, China, using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, and then annotated the assembly. The total length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,730 bp and it consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). The CR is 1148 bp in length. The nucleotide composition is 29.59% A, 14.75% T, 32.13% G, 23.54% C. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that there is close genetic relationship among Ficedula zanthopygia and Ficedula hyperythra.
RESUMEN
In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of Dryobates minor by next-generation sequencing. The mitochondrial genome of Dryobates minor is 16,847 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGS), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 1 control region (CR). The CG content of the mitochondrial genome is 47.46%. Only one overlap among the 13 protein-coding genes was found: ND4L/ND4. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that the mitochondrial genome of Dryobates minor exhibited a close relationship with that of Picoides pubescens.
RESUMEN
The Pale-legged Leaf-Warbler (Phylloscopus tenellipes) (Swinhoe, 1860) is an olive-brown warbler that is extensively dispersed in Asia. We sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of a Pale-legged Leaf-Warbler collected on Maor Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, China. The mitochondrial genome is 16,972 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region (CR). The CR is 1098 bp. The nucleotide sequence is composed of 29.11% A, 22.98% T, 14.64% G, and 33.27% C. Phylogenetic research revealed that P. tenellipes is closely related to Phylloscopus borealoides.
RESUMEN
We determined the whole mtDNA genome of the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,599 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The nucleotide composition is 29.34% A, 22.23% T, 15.66% G, and 32.77% C. Phylogenetic analysis results showed close genetic relationship between A. ferina and Aythya americana.
RESUMEN
We determined the whole mtDNA genome of the gray-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The complete mitochondrial genome is 17,078 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The nucleotide composition is 31.65% A, 23.50% T, 13.76% G, and 31.09% C. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that there was close genetic relationship between V. cinereus and V. vanellus.
RESUMEN
The Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) is a diving duck that is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, and Europe. We determined the complete mitogenome of the Ferruginous Duck gathered at Ningxia, China. The total length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,623 bp and it consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). Only one overlap among the 13 protein-coding genes was found: ND4L/ND4. The CR is 1068 bp in length. The nucleotide composition is 29.66% A, 22.28% T, 15.35% G, 32.71% C. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that there is close genetic relationship among Aythya nyroca and three ducks in the Genus Aythya.
RESUMEN
We determined the whole mtDNA genome of the Spotted Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) in Tianlong Mountain, Shan'xi Province, China. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,914 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGS), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loops). The nucleotide composition is 25.08% A, 25.08% T, 24.75% G, and 25.08% C. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that there was close genetic relationship between N. caryocatactes and N. columbiana. It is expected that the complete mitochondrial genome presented here will contribute to the analysis of species distribution.
