SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China. METHODS: A cross-sectional telephone or web-based survey was conducted among people living with HIV in 5 cities in southeastern China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization, and HIV-specific characteristics were collected from existing databases and special investigations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors for infection and hospitalization rates of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted for the association between vaccination and infection across different vaccination statuses and time since the last vaccination. RESULTS: Among people living with HIV with a COVID-19 testing history, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 67.13% (95% CI 65.81%-68.13%), whereas the hospitalization rate was 0.71% (95% CI 0.46%-0.97%). Factors such as age, latest CD4 cell count, latest HIV viral load, and transmission route were found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while age, cancer, latest CD4 cell count, and latest HIV viral load were associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. In terms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared to unvaccinated people living with HIV, there was a lower infection rate among those who had been vaccinated for <3 months in the booster vaccination group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98; P=.04); and there was also a lower risk of hospitalization among people living with HIV who had received vaccination in the past 6-12 months (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.81; P=.02) and more than 12 months ago (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.72; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: After the ease of prevention and control measures in China, we observed a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate but a low hospitalization rate. General risk factors, such as higher age and vaccination status, and HIV-related parameters, such as the latest CD4 cell count and HIV viral load, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. A booster vaccination campaign for booster doses should be considered among people living with HIV in confronting possible COVID-19 epidemic emergencies in the near future.

Upgrading CO2 to sustainable aromatics via perovskite-mediated tandem catalysis.

The directional transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) with renewable hydrogen into specific carbon-heavy products (C6+) of high value presents a sustainable route for net-zero chemical manufacture. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve high activity and selectivity due to the unbalanced CO2 hydrogenation and C-C coupling rates on complementary active sites in a bifunctional catalyst, thus causing unexpected secondary reaction. Here we report LaFeO3 perovskite-mediated directional tandem conversion of CO2 towards heavy aromatics with high CO2 conversion (> 60%), exceptional aromatics selectivity among hydrocarbons (> 85%), and no obvious deactivation for 1000 hours. This is enabled by disentangling the CO2 hydrogenation domain from the C-C coupling domain in the tandem system for Iron-based catalyst. Unlike other active Fe oxides showing wide hydrocarbon product distribution due to carbide formation, LaFeO3 by design is endowed with superior resistance to carburization, therefore inhibiting uncontrolled C-C coupling on oxide and isolating aromatics formation in the zeolite. In-situ spectroscopic evidence and theoretical calculations reveal an oxygenate-rich surface chemistry of LaFeO3, that easily escape from the oxide surface for further precise C-C coupling inside zeolites, thus steering CO2-HCOOH/H2CO-Aromatics reaction pathway to enable a high yield of aromatics.

Analysis of HL7 EHRS Functional Model and Suggested Applications in China.

HL7 electronic health record system (EHRS) functional model is an international standard which gives scientific instructions for EHRS design and implementation. It has the features of technological irrelevancy, requirement hierarchy and functional comprehensiveness. It is composed of overarching, care provision, care provision support, administrative support, population health support, record infrastructure and trusted infrastructure. This paper describes the functionalities of each section in detail. To apply this functional model, the history of Chinese health information system construction is reviewed and the weakness is analyzed as a basis. Then this paper gives suggestions on the construction of health information system in China: to enhance the functionality of healthcare systems, to enhance the information network function of regional health information network (RHIN), and to redesign the trust architecture of RHIN.

CrowdMapping: A Crowdsourcing-Based Terminology Mapping Method for Medical Data Standardization.

Standardized terminology is the prerequisite of data exchange in analysis of clinical processes. However, data from different electronic health record systems are based on idiosyncratic terminology systems, especially when the data is from different hospitals and healthcare organizations. Terminology standardization is necessary for the medical data analysis. We propose a crowdsourcing-based terminology mapping method, CrowdMapping, to standardize the terminology in medical data. CrowdMapping uses a confidential model to determine how terminologies are mapped to a standard system, like ICD-10. The model uses mappings from different health care organizations and evaluates the diversity of the mapping to determine a more sophisticated mapping rule. Further, the CrowdMapping model enables users to rate the mapping result and interact with the model evaluation. CrowdMapping is a work-in-progress system, we present initial results mapping terminologies.