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OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulsatile tinnitus induced by sigmoid sinus abnormalities in high and normal intracranial pressure states.METHODS There were 66 patients of pulsatile tinnitus induced by sigmoid sinus abnormalities,including 55 cases of sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence and 11 cases of sigmoid sinus diverticulum.The index of transverse sinus stenosis(ITSS)was used to assess intracranial pressure in magnetic resonance venography(MRV).We obtained 41 cases in intracranial hypertension group and 25 cases in normal intracranial pressure group.The age,gender,handedness,tinnitus lateralization,mean arterial pressure(MAP),body mass index(BMI),tinnitus duration,tinnitus frequency,tinnitus loudness,tinnitus handicap inventory(THI)and blood biochemical examination were recorded to analyze.RESULTS The BMI was 24.98 kg/m2(22.87 kg/m2,28.46 kg/m2)and 24.01 kg/m2(20.34 kg/m2,25.03 kg/m2)and THI score was 45.59±23.47 and 33.84±20.13 in intracranial hypertension group and normal intracranial pressure group,respectively.Compared with normal intracranial pressure group,the BMI and THI of intracranial hypertension group were significantly increased(P was 0.047 and 0.042 respectively).No significant difference were found in other indicators.CONCLUSION There are some different characteristics in pulsatile tinnitus induced by sigmoid sinus abnormalities in high and normal intracranial pressure states,which manifest obviously increased BMI and THI score in pulsatile tinnitus patients with intracranial hypertension.
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Objective Based on the theory of"gut-brain",this study explored the effect of acupuncture on the gut microbiota and central inflammation in migraine model rats,in order to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine from the perspective of"gut-brain".Methods The migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin.They were randomly divided into a model group and an acupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group,and a control group with 6 rats for conventional binding and fixation.Before modeling and on the 1st,5th,and 9th days after modeling,each group used electronic VonFrey to measure the plantar mechanical pain threshold of rats.After the experiment,Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the central trigeminal spinal nucleus of the rats in each group.Three-generation Pacbio full-length microbial diversity sequencing was used to perform 16S full-length rDNA sequencing on each group of fecal samples to detect the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)clustering and its abundance,Alpha diversity index,Beta diversity index,species among the samples in each group.differences in abundance.Results In migraine model rats,plantar mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased(P<0.01),central IL-6 and TNF-α contents were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the structure and abundance of gut microbiota were abnormal.change(P<0.01).Continuous acupuncture treatment can significantly increase the plantar mechanical pain threshold in migraine rats(P<0.01),regulate the diversity of gut microbiota in migraine rats,increase Lactobacillus murine,and reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus enterobacteriaceae.degree(P<0.05),and decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the central nervous system of migraine model rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture can exert the"gut-brain"anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine by regulating the gut microbiota structure and the expression of central IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory factors in migraine model rats.
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G proteins function directly in cold tolerance of plants. However, the framework of the Gα subunit in regulating cold tolerance remains to be explored. Here, we used protein interaction techniques to elucidate cold-related pathways regulated by CsGPA1. Suppression of CsGPA1 decreased the cold tolerance of cucumber. Further protein interaction experiments showed that CsGPA1 interacted with Csa_4G663630.1 located in the cell membrane and nucleus and with CsCOR413PM2 located in the cell membrane. Csa_4G663630.1 was named CsCDL1 due to its 71% protein sequence similarity to AtCDL1, a positive brassinolide signal gene. Suppression of CsGPA1 decreased the expression of most of brassinolide-related genes (including CsCDL1) under cold stress. Principal component and linear regression analyses showed that expressions of CsGPA1 and brassinolide-related genes were positively correlated. Suppression of CsCOR413PM2 also decreased cold tolerance of cucumber. The expression and protein content of CsCOR413PM2 and CsGPA1 in CsGPA1-RNAi and CsCOR413PM2-RNAi lines were determined under cold tolerance. Only CsGPA1 silencing affected the expression and protein content of CsCOR413PM2 during cold stress. Moreover, suppression of CsGPA1 or CsCOR413PM2 decreased Ca 2+ influx at low temperature and then decreased the expression of CsICE-CsCBF. These results indicated that the CsGPA1-CsCOR413PM2-Ca2+ axis regulated the expression of CsICE-CsCBF during cold stress. In conclusion, Our results provide the first framework of CsGPA1 in regulating cold tolerance of cucumber, laying the foundation for further mechanistic studies of cold tolerance for Gα in cucumber.