SLESIS-R: an improved score for prediction of serious infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus based on the RELESSER prospective cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an improved score for prediction of severe infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), namely, the SLE Severe Infection Score-Revised (SLESIS-R) and to validate it in a large multicentre lupus cohort. METHODS: We used data from the prospective phase of RELESSER (RELESSER-PROS), the SLE register of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. A multivariable logistic model was constructed taking into account the variables already forming the SLESIS score, plus all other potential predictors identified in a literature review. Performance was analysed using the C-statistic and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Internal validation was carried out using a 100-sample bootstrapping procedure. ORs were transformed into score items, and the AUROC was used to determine performance. RESULTS: A total of 1459 patients who had completed 1 year of follow-up were included in the development cohort (mean age, 49±13 years; 90% women). Twenty-five (1.7%) had experienced ≥1 severe infection. According to the adjusted multivariate model, severe infection could be predicted from four variables: age (years) ≥60, previous SLE-related hospitalisation, previous serious infection and glucocorticoid dose. A score was built from the best model, taking values from 0 to 17. The AUROC was 0.861 (0.777-0.946). The cut-off chosen was ≥6, which exhibited an accuracy of 85.9% and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.48. CONCLUSIONS: SLESIS-R is an accurate and feasible instrument for predicting infections in patients with SLE. SLESIS-R could help to make informed decisions on the use of immunosuppressants and the implementation of preventive measures.

Thorough assessment of the effectiveness of belimumab in a large Spanish multicenter cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview on the current use of belimumab (BLM) in SLE patients in clinical practice and to examine its efficacy in terms of standardized outcomes, drug survival, as well as patient and safety profiles. METHODS: A longitudinal retrospective multicentre cohort including SLE patients treated with BLM at 18 Spanish centers. Data was collected upon initiation of BLM, at 6 and 12 months after initiation, and at the last recorded visit. Changes in SLEDAI-2K, the proportion of patients who achieved LLDAS and DORIS 2021, and number of flares were compared between visits. Changes in damage, glucocorticoids use and employment status pre-BLM and post-BLM were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 324 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 3.8 (±2.7) years. LLDAS was attained by 45.8%, 62% and 71% of patients, and DORIS by 24%, 36.2% and 52.5% on successive visits, respectively. Twenty-seven-point two percent of patients were in DORIS ≥ 50% of the visits and a 46% in LLDAS-50. Flares and number of flares were significantly lower one year after treatment with BLM and no changes in damage accrual were observed. Mean (±SD) prednisone dose was significantly reduced over time, with 70 (24%) patients discontinuing GC. CONCLUSION: Our study not only demonstrates belimumab´s efficacy in attaining treat-to-target goals in SLE patients, but also confirms its GC-sparing effect, and its prevention of flares and organ damage accrual.

Does remission in systemic lupus erythematosus according to the 2021 DORIS definition match the treating rheumatologist's judgement?

OBJECTIVES: To assess agreement between the 2021 Definition Of Remission In SLE (DORIS) and physician-judged lupus activity. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data from a Spanish prospective multicentre study of SLE patients. We applied the 2021 DORIS criteria and assessed whether remission status based on this definition agreed with remission as per physician clinical judgement and reasons for disagreement between them. RESULTS: Out of 508 patients [92% women; mean age (s.d.): 50.4 years (13.7)] studied, 267 (54.4%) met the criteria for 2021 DORIS remission. Based on physicians' judgement, 277 (55.9%) patients were classified as in remission or serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ). The overall rate of agreement between these assessments was 81.2% (95% CI: 79.9, 82.9%) with a Cohen's kappa of 0.62 (0.55-0.69). Overall, 46 (9.1%) patients were classified as in remission/SACQ by rheumatologists but did not meet the 2021 DORIS criteria for remission. The main reasons for discrepancies were a clinical SLE Disease Activity Index (cSLEDAI) score >0 in 39 patients, a Physician Global Assessment score >0.5 in five patients, and prednisone >5 mg/day in another five patients. CONCLUSIONS: The 2021 DORIS remission is an achievable target in clinical practice. There is substantial agreement between the DORIS definition and physician-judged remission. The discordance was mainly due to physicians classifying some patients with ongoing mild disease activity as in remission. Thus, the standardized DORIS definition should be used to define the target in a treat-to-target strategy for the management of SLE.

Pregnancy outcomes in 1869 pregnancies in a large cohort from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER).

INTRODUCTION: Obstetric complications are more common in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To assess pregnancy outcomes in women with SLE from the RELESSER cohort after 12 years of follow-up. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted. In addition to data from the RELESSER register, data were collected on obstetric/gynaecological variables and treatments received. The number of term pregnancies was compared between women with pregnancies before and after the diagnosis of SLE. Further, clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between women with pregnancies before and after the diagnosis, on the one hand, and with and without complications during pregnancy, on the other. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors potentially associated with complications during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 809 women were included, with 1869 pregnancies, of which 1395 reached term. Women with pregnancies before the diagnosis of SLE had more pregnancies (2.37 vs 1.87) and a higher rate of term pregnancies (76.8% vs 69.8%, p < 0.001) compared to those with pregnancies after the diagnosis. Women with pregnancies before the diagnosis were diagnosed at an older age (43.4 vs 34.1 years) and had more comorbidities. No differences were observed between the groups with pregnancies before and after diagnosis in antibody profile, including anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-Ro, anti-La, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin or anti-beta-2-glycoprotein. Overall, 114 out of the 809 women included in the study experienced complications during pregnancy, including miscarriage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, foetal death, and/or preterm birth. Women with complications had higher rates of antiphospholipid syndrome (40.5% vs 9.9%, p < 0.001) and higher rates of positivity for IgG anticardiolipin (33.9% vs 21.3%, p = 0.005), IgG anti-beta 2 glycoprotein (26.1% vs 14%, p = 0.007), and IgM anti-beta 2 glycoprotein (26.1% vs 16%, p = 0.032) antibodies, although no differences were found regarding lupus anticoagulant. Among the treatments received, only heparin was more commonly used by women with pregnancy complications. We did not find differences in corticosteroid or hydroxychloroquine use. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of term pregnancy is higher before the diagnosis of SLE. In our cohort, positivity for anticardiolipin IgG and anti-beta-2- glycoprotein IgG/IgM, but not lupus anticoagulant, was associated with a higher risk of poorer pregnancy outcomes.

Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER).

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence, incidence, survival and contribution on mortality of major central nervous system (CNS) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Patients fulfilling the SLE 1997 ACR classification criteria from the multicentre, retrospective RELESSER-TRANS (Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register) were included. Prevalence, incidence and survival rates of major CNS neuropsychiatric (NP)-SLE as a group and the individual NP manifestations cerebrovascular disease (CVD), seizure, psychosis, organic brain syndrome and transverse myelitis were calculated. Furthermore, the contribution of these manifestations on mortality was analysed in Cox regression models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 3591 SLE patients were included. Of them, 412 (11.5%) developed a total of 522 major CNS NP-SLE manifestations. 61 patients (12%) with major CNS NP-SLE died. The annual mortality rate for patients with and without ever major CNS NP-SLE was 10.8% vs 3.8%, respectively. Individually, CVD (14%) and organic brain syndrome (15.5%) showed the highest mortality rates. The 10% mortality rate for patients with and without ever major CNS NP-SLE was reached after 12.3 vs 22.8 years, respectively. CVD (9.8 years) and organic brain syndrome (7.1 years) reached the 10% mortality rate earlier than other major CNS NP-SLE manifestations. Major CNS NP-SLE (HR 1.85, 1.29-2.67) and more specifically CVD (HR 2.17, 1.41-3.33) and organic brain syndrome (HR 2.11, 1.19-3.74) accounted as independent prognostic factors for poor survival. CONCLUSION: The presentation of major CNS NP-SLE during the disease course contributes to a higher mortality, which may differ depending on the individual NP manifestation. CVD and organic brain syndrome are associated with the highest mortality rates.

Does expert opinion match the definition of lupus low disease activity state? Prospective analysis of 500 patients from a Spanish multicentre cohort.

OBJECTIVES: To apply the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) definition within a large cohort of patients and to assess the agreement between the LLDAS and the physician's subjective evaluation of lupus activity. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective multicentre study of SLE patients. We applied the LLDAS and assessed whether there was agreement with the clinical status according to the physician's opinion. RESULTS: A total of 508 patients [92% women; mean age 50.4 years (s.d. 3.7)] were recruited and 304 (62.7%) patients were in the LLDAS. According to physician assessment, 430 (86.1%) patients were classified as remission or low activity. Overall agreement between both evaluations was 71.4% (95% CI: 70.1, 70.5) with a Cohen's κ of 0.3 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.22-0.37]. Most cases (96.1%) in the LLDAS were classified as remission or low activity by the expert. Of the patients who did not fulfil the LLDAS, 126 (70.4%) were classified as having remission/low disease activity. The main reasons for these discrepancies were the presence of new manifestations compared with the previous visit and a SLEDAI 2K score >4, mainly based on serological activity. CONCLUSIONS: Almost two-thirds of SLE patients were in the LLDAS. There was a fair correlation between the LLDAS and the physician's evaluation. This agreement improves for patients fulfilling the LLDAS criteria. The discordance between both at defining lupus low activity, the demonstrated association of the LLDAS with better outcomes and the fact that the LLDAS is more stringent than the physician's opinion imply that we should use the LLDAS as a treat-to-target goal.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with lymphoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the characteristics and risk of lymphoma in a large cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS: A case-cohort analysis was performed within a dynamic cohort of SLE patients from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry (RELESSER). Clinical and analytical features were compared between the lymphoma SLE group and the control SLE group using an independent-sample Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables with Fisher's exact test if necessary. The multivariate analysis was based on a generalized linear model. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients with SLE and lymphoma and 3965 non-lymphoma controls with SLE were studied. Most lymphomas were of B cell origin (n = 15/21), with diffuse large B cell lymphoma being the most frequent histological type (8/21, 38.1%). As in the general population, the risk of lymphoma in SLE was higher in male than in female patients and increased with age. In the lymphoma SLE group, bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of pericarditis, organic brain syndrome, seizures, vasculitis, haemolytic anaemia, splenomegaly, venous thrombosis and mean modified (excluding lymphoma) SLICC/ACR damage index. In contrast, renal involvement, positive anti-dsDNA, and antimalarials ever were less frequent. CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicentre Spanish cohort, we identified characteristics of SLE that are associated with a higher risk of lymphoma. Antimalarials were significantly negatively associated with risk of lymphoma in SLE patients. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are needed to clarify these findings.

Antimalarials exert a cardioprotective effect in lupus patients: Insights from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER) analysis of factors associated with heart failure.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Factors associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have received little attention. Recent data on the use of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection have cast doubt on its cardiac safety. The factors associated with CHF, including therapy with antimalarials, were analyzed in a large multicenter SLE cohort. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including all patients with SLE (ACR-1997 criteria) included in the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER), based on historically gathered data. Patients with CHF prior to diagnosis of SLE were excluded. A multivariable analysis exploring factors associated with CHF was conducted. RESULTS: The study population comprised 117 patients with SLE (ACR-97 criteria) and CHF and 3,506 SLE controls. Ninety percent were women. Patients with CHF were older and presented greater SLE severity, organ damage, and mortality than those without CHF. The multivariable model revealed the factors associated with CHF to be ischemic heart disease (7.96 [4.01-15.48], p < 0.0001), cardiac arrhythmia (7.38 [4.00-13.42], p < 0.0001), pulmonary hypertension (3.71 [1.84-7.25], p < 0.0002), valvulopathy (6.33 [3.41-11.62], p < 0.0001), non-cardiovascular damage (1.29 [1.16-1.44], p < 0.000) and calcium/vitamin D treatment (5.29 [2.07-16.86], p = 0.0015). Female sex (0.46 [0.25-0.88], p = 0.0147) and antimalarials (0.28 [0.17-0.45], p < 0.000) proved to be protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SLE and CHF experience more severe SLE. Treatment with antimalarials appears to confer a cardioprotective effect.

Relevance of gastrointestinal manifestations in a large Spanish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: what do we know?

OBJECTIVE: SLE can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI symptoms are reported to occur in >50% of SLE patients. To describe the GI manifestations of SLE in the RELESSER (Registry of SLE Patients of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology) cohort and to determine whether these are associated with a more severe disease, damage accrual and a worse prognosis. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional cohort study of 3658 SLE patients who fulfil ≥4 ACR-97 criteria. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, activity (SLEDAI-2K or BILAG), damage (SLICC/ACR/DI) and therapies were collected. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between lupus patients with and without GI damage to establish whether GI damage is associated with a more severe disease. RESULTS: From 3654 lupus patients, 3.7% developed GI damage. Patients in this group (group 1) were older, they had longer disease duration, and were more likely to have vasculitis, renal disease and serositis than patients without GI damage (group 2). Hospitalizations and mortality were significantly higher in group 1. Patients in group 1 had higher modified SDI (SLICC Damage Index). The presence of oral ulcers reduced the risk of developing damage in 33% of patients. CONCLUSION: Having GI damage is associated with a worse prognosis. Patients on a high dose of glucocorticoids are at higher risk of developing GI damage which reinforces the strategy of minimizing glucocorticoids. Oral ulcers appear to decrease the risk of GI damage.

Do all antiphospholipid antibodies confer the same risk for major organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus patients?

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association between the different antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) manifestations. METHODS: Patients from the RELESSER registry, a Spanish retrospective, cross-sectional, forty-five hospital registry of adult SLE patients, were included. RESULTS: Out of a total of 3,658 SLE patients, 1372 were aPL positive (555 of them fulfilled criteria for APS). All aPL types showed a negative association with cutaneous SLE manifestations. Lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were both associated with haematological, ophthalmological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. IgG isotypes were associated with a higher risk of lupus manifestations compared with IgM. We found that the risk of neuropsychiatric and ophthalmological manifestations significantly increased with a higher number of positive aPL whereas the risk of cutaneous symptoms showed a negative correlation. All types of aPL, and more strongly LA, were associated with non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) manifestations such as thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia. Moreover, LA and aCL (particularly IgG isotype) were also associated with Libman-Sacks endocarditis and cognitive impairment. This association was stronger with more than one positive aPL. All types of aPL were also associated with classic APS manifestations, although LA, IgG isotypes, and patients with more than one aPL displayed a higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: There is a hierarchy for aPL and the risk of APS and SLE manifestations. aCL, and especially LA, confer a higher risk for major organ involvement in SLE. IgG isotypes seem to have a more important role. The load of aPL confer a higher risk for APS and certain SLE manifestations.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) implies a more severe disease with more damage accrual and higher mortality.

INTRODUCTION: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with organ damage and certain features in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients. Our aim was to investigate the differences between SLE patients according to the presence of aPL and/or clinical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients from the RELESSER-T registry were included. RELESSER-T is a Spanish multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective, SLE registry. RESULTS: We included 2398 SLE patients, 1372 of whom were positive for aPL. Overall 1026 patients were classified as SLE, 555 as SLE-APS and817 as SLE-aPL. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, SLE-APS patients had higher rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes than those with SLE-aPL and SLE (p < 0.001). SLE-APS patients showed higher rates of neuropsychiatric, cardiac, pulmonary, renal and ophthalmological manifestations than the other groups (p < 0.001). SLE-APS patients presented greater damage accrual with higher SLICC values (1.9 ± 2.2 in SLE-APS, 0.9 ± 1.4 in SLE-aPL and 1.1 ± 1.6 in SLE, p < 0.001) and more severe disease as defined by the Katz index (3 ± 1.8 in SLE-APS, 2.7 ± 1.7 in SLE-aPL and 2.6 ± 1.6 in SLE, p < 0.001). SLE-APS patients showed higher mortality rates (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SLE-APS patients exhibited more severe clinical profiles with higher frequencies of major organ involvement, greater damage accrual and higher mortality than SLE-aPL and SLE patients.

Hormonal Dependence and Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and analyze any cancer-associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), differentiating between hormone-sensitive (HS) and non-HS cancers. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter study of a patient cohort from the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Registry of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. Included were the first cancer post-SLE diagnosis, clinical and sociodemographic information, cumulative damage, severity, comorbidities, treatments, and refractoriness. Cancers were classified as HS (prostate, breast, endometrium, and ovarian) and non-HS (the remainder). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated and logistic regression models were built. RESULTS: A total of 3,539 patients (90.4% women) were included, 154 of whom had cancer (91% female), and 44 had HS cancer (100% female). The cancer SIR was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15-1.59), with higher values in women age <65 years (SIR 2.38 [95% CI 1.84-2.91]). The SIR in women with HS versus non-HS cancer was 1.02 (95% CI 0.13-1.91) and 1.93 (95% CI 0.98-2.89). In HS versus non-HS cancers, SLE diagnostic age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [P = 0.002] versus 1.04 [P = 0.019]), and period of disease evolution (OR 1.01 [P < 0.001] versus 1.00 [P = 0.029]) were associated with cancer. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (OR 1.27 [P = 0.022]) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescriptions (OR 2.87 [P = 0.048]) were associated with non-HS cancers. CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence in patients with SLE was higher than in the Spanish population, particularly among young women. This increase might be due to non-HS cancers, which would be associated with SLE involving greater cumulative damage where more ACE inhibitors are prescribed.

Asociación entre títulos de anticuerpos antinucleares y conectivopatías sistémicas en una Unidad de Reumatología / Association between antinuclear antibody titers and connective tissue diseases in a Rheumatology Department

Objetivo. Determinar los niveles en los títulos de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) observados por inmunofluorescencia indirecta en sustrato de célula HEp-2, y su asociación con el diagnóstico de enfermedad del tejido conectivo sistémica en las pruebas solicitadas por una Unidad de Reumatología. Método. Se seleccionaron muestras de pacientes que acudían por primera vez a consulta de reumatología, sin prueba de ANA previa, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012. Se registró el título de dilución, patrón y especificidad antigénica. En enero de 2015 se valoraron los diagnósticos de los pacientes y se clasificaron en conectivopatías sistémicas (lupus eritematoso sistémico, síndrome de Sjögren, esclerosis sistémica, conectivopatía indiferenciada, síndrome antifosfolípido, enfermedad mixta del tejido conectivo y miopatía inflamatoria) o no conectivopatía sistémica. Resultado. De un total de 1.282 pruebas solicitadas por la Unidad de Reumatología en sujetos sin estudio previo 293 resultaron positivas, predominando las mujeres (81,9%). Con conectivopatía sistémica se registraron 105 pacientes y 188 sin conectivopatía. En diluciones 1/640 el valor predictivo positivo en las conectivopatías fue de 73,3% frente al 26,6% de las no conectivopatías, y para valores ≥1/1.280, 85% frente al 15% respectivamente. Al realizar el análisis multivariante se observó una asociación positiva entre las diluciones 1/320 OR 3,069 (IC 95%: 1,237-7,614; p=0,016), 1/640 OR 12,570 (IC 95%: 3,659-43,187; p=0,000) y ≥1/1.280 OR 42,136 (IC 95%: 8,604-206,345; p=0,000). Conclusión. Estos resultados muestran asociación de títulos de dilución ≥1/320 para la primera prueba de ANA realizada en una Unidad de Reumatología con pacientes con conectivopatía sistémica. El VPP en estos pacientes resultó superior a estudios previos desarrollados por otras especialidades médicas. Esto puede indicar la importancia de una solicitud de la prueba de forma dirigida (AU)

Objective. To determine the dilution titles at antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence observed in cell substrate HEp-2 and its association with the diagnosis of systemic connective tissue disease in ANA test requested by a Rheumatology Unit. Method. Samples of patients attended for the first time in the rheumatology unit, without prior ANA test, between January 2010 and December 2012 were selected. The dilution titers, immunofluorescence patterns and antigen specificity were recorded. In January 2015 the diagnosis of the patients were evaluated and classified in systemic disease connective tissue (systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, undifferentiated connective, antiphospholipid syndrome, mixed connective tissue and inflammatory myophaty) or not systemic disease connective tissue. Result. A total of 1282 ANA tests requested by the Rheumatology Unit in subjects without previous study, 293 were positive, predominance of women (81.9%). Patients with systemic connective tissue disease were recorded 105, and 188 without systemic connective tissue disease. For 1/640 dilutions the positive predictive value in the connective was 73.3% compared to 26.6% of non-connective, and for values ≥1/1,280 85% versus 15% respectively. When performing the multivariate analysis we observed a positive association between 1/320 dilution OR 3.069 (95% CI: 1.237-7.614; P=.016), 1/640 OR 12.570 (95% CI: 3.659-43.187; P=.000) and ≥1/1,280 OR 42.136 (95% CI: 8.604-206.345; P=.000). Conclusion. These results show association titles dilution ≥1/320 in ANA's first test requested by a Rheumatology Unit with patients with systemic connective tissue disease. The VPP in these patients was higher than previous studies requested by other medical specialties. This may indicate the importance of application of the test in a targeted way (AU)

Association between antinuclear antibody titers and connective tissue diseases in a Rheumatology Department. / Asociación entre títulos de anticuerpos antinucleares y conectivopatías sistémicas en una Unidad de Reumatología.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dilution titles at antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence observed in cell substrate HEp-2 and its association with the diagnosis of systemic connective tissue disease in ANA test requested by a Rheumatology Unit. METHOD: Samples of patients attended for the first time in the rheumatology unit, without prior ANA test, between January 2010 and December 2012 were selected. The dilution titers, immunofluorescence patterns and antigen specificity were recorded. In January 2015 the diagnosis of the patients were evaluated and classified in systemic disease connective tissue (systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, undifferentiated connective, antiphospholipid syndrome, mixed connective tissue and inflammatory myophaty) or not systemic disease connective tissue. RESULT: A total of 1282 ANA tests requested by the Rheumatology Unit in subjects without previous study, 293 were positive, predominance of women (81.9%). Patients with systemic connective tissue disease were recorded 105, and 188 without systemic connective tissue disease. For 1/640 dilutions the positive predictive value in the connective was 73.3% compared to 26.6% of non-connective, and for values ≥1/1,280 85% versus 15% respectively. When performing the multivariate analysis we observed a positive association between 1/320 dilution OR 3.069 (95% CI: 1.237-7.614; P=.016), 1/640 OR 12.570 (95% CI: 3.659-43.187; P=.000) and ≥1/1,280 OR 42.136 (95% CI: 8.604-206.345; P=.000). CONCLUSION: These results show association titles dilution ≥1/320 in ANA's first test requested by a Rheumatology Unit with patients with systemic connective tissue disease. The VPP in these patients was higher than previous studies requested by other medical specialties. This may indicate the importance of application of the test in a targeted way.

Association of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La antibodies with diagnostic, clinical and laboratory features in a referral hospital in Jerez, Spain / Asociación de los anticuerpos anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 y anti-La con las características diagnósticas, clínicas y de laboratorio en un hospital de referencia en Jerez, España

Objective. Several antibodies have proven to be useful in autoimmune diseases, as markers for diagnosis, prognosis or clinical manifestations. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnosis and manifestations associated for antibodies anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La at a referral hospital in Spain. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the antigenic specificities of the consecutive samples submitted to the Immunology Unit for antinuclear antibody screening between 2002 and 2012. We included patients with more than one positive sample for some of the autoantibodies anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 or anti-La. We also reviewed diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features. As dependent variable we evaluated possible combinations of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La. Results. 322 patients, 91% females, were studied (age 44.3±15.51 years). The most frequent diagnosis was Sjögren's syndrome (40.06%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (36.6%). The most prevalent pattern by indirect immunofluorescence was the fine speckled (69.9%). Anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ combination was positively associated with fine speckled pattern (p: 0.001) and negatively with homogeneous (p: 0.016) and cytoplasmic pattern (p: 0.002). Isolated anti-Ro52+ was negatively associated with fine speckled pattern (p<0.001) and positively with the cytoplasmic one (p<0.001). The main positive associations with clinical symptoms were xerostomia and xerophthalmia with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p<0.001), oral ulcers with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La− (p: 0.002) and alopecia with anti-Ro52−/anti-Ro60+/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Negative associations were xerophthalmia and photosensitivity with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60−/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Laboratory positive associations were hypergammaglobulinemia with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p: 0.003), and hypocomplementemia with anti-Ro52−/anti-Ro60+/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Leucopenia was negatively associated with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60−/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Conclusion. Our study found significant relationships between clinical and laboratory manifestations with different patterns of antibodies to anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La. The combination of antibodies might be clinically useful due to prognostic and therapeutic implications (AU)

Objetivo. Varios anticuerpos han demostrado ser útiles en enfermedades autoinmunes, como marcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico o manifestaciones clínicas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el diagnóstico y las manifestaciones asociadas a anticuerpos anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 y anti-La en un hospital de referencia en España. Métodos. Se analizaron retrospectivamente las especificidades antigénicas de todas las muestras consecutivas solicitadas a la Unidad de Inmunología para la detección de anticuerpos antinucleares entre 2002 y 2012. Se incluyeron pacientes con más de una muestra positiva para algunos de los autoanticuerpos anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 o anti-La, y se revisaron sus características diagnósticas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Como variable dependiente se evaluaron las combinaciones de anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 y anti-La. Resultados. 322 pacientes, 91% mujeres, fueron estudiados (edad 44.3±15.51 años). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el síndrome de Sjögren (40.06%), y el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) (36.6%). El patrón por inmunofluorescencia indirecta más prevalente fue el moteado fino (69.9%). La combinación Anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ se asoció positivamente con el patrón moteado fino (p: 0.001) y negativamente con el homogéneo (p: 0.016) y el citoplasmático (p: 0.002). Anti-Ro52+ aislado se asoció negativamente con el patrón moteado fino (p<0.001) y positivamente con el citoplasmático (p<0.001). La principal asociación con síntomas clínicos fue de xerostomía y xeroftalmia con anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p<0.001), úlceras orales con anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La− (p: 0.002) y alopecia con anti-Ro52−/anti-Ro60+/anti-La−. Asociaciones negativas fueron xeroftalmia y fotosensibilidad con anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60−/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Asociaciones positivas de laboratorio fueron hipergammaglobulinemia con anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p: 0.003) e hipocomplementemia con anti-Ro52−/anti-Ro60+/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Leucopenia se asoció negativamente con anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60−/anti-La− (p: 0.003). Conclusión. Nuestro estudio encontró una relación significativa entre las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio con diferentes patrones de anticuerpos anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 y anti-La. La combinación de anticuerpos podría ser clínicamente útil, debido a implicaciones pronósticas y terapéuticas (AU)

Characterization of Patients With Lupus Nephritis Included in a Large Cohort From the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Registry of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (RELESSER).

The aim of the study was to profile those patients included in the RELESSER registry with histologically proven renal involvement in order to better understand the current state of lupus nephritis (LN) in Spain. RELESSER-TRANS is a multicenter cross-sectional registry with an analytical component. Information was collected from the medical records of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were followed at participating rheumatology units. A total of 359 variables including demographic data, clinical manifestations, disease activity, severity, comorbidities, LN outcome, treatments, and mortality were recorded. Only patients with a histological confirmation of LN were included. We performed a descriptive analysis, chi-square or Student's t tests according to the type of variable and its relationship with LN. Odds ratio and confidence intervals were calculated by using simple logistic regression. LN was histologically confirmed in 1092/3575 patients (30.5%). Most patients were female (85.7%), Caucasian (90.2%), and the mean age at LN diagnosis was 28.4 ±â€Š12.7 years. The risk for LN development was higher in men (M/F:47.85/30.91%, P < 0.001), in younger individuals (P < 0.001), and in Hispanics (P = 0.03). Complete response to treatment was achieved in 68.3% of patients; 10.35% developed ESRD, which required a kidney transplant in 45% of such cases. The older the patient, the greater was the likelihood of complete response (P < 0.001). Recurrences were associated with persistent lupus activity at the time of the last visit (P < 0.001) and with ESRD (P < 0.001). Thrombotic microangiopathy was a risk factor for ESRD (P = 0.04), as for the necessity of dialysis (P = 0.01) or renal transplantation (P = 0.03). LN itself was a poor prognostic risk factor of mortality (OR 2.4 [1.81-3.22], P < 0.001). Patients receiving antimalarials had a significantly lower risk of developing LN (P < 0.001) and ESRD (P < 0.001), and responded better to specific treatments for LN (P = 0.014). More than two-thirds of the patients with LN from a wide European cohort achieved a complete response to treatment. The presence of positive anti-Sm antibodies was associated with a higher frequency of LN and a decreased rate of complete response to treatment. The use of antimalarials reduced both the risk of developing renal disease and its severity, and contributed to attaining a complete renal response.

Association of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La antibodies with diagnostic, clinical and laboratory features in a referral hospital in Jerez, Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Several antibodies have proven to be useful in autoimmune diseases, as markers for diagnosis, prognosis or clinical manifestations. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnosis and manifestations associated for antibodies anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La at a referral hospital in Spain. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the antigenic specificities of the consecutive samples submitted to the Immunology Unit for antinuclear antibody screening between 2002 and 2012. We included patients with more than one positive sample for some of the autoantibodies anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 or anti-La. We also reviewed diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features. As dependent variable we evaluated possible combinations of anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La. RESULTS: 322 patients, 91% females, were studied (age 44.3±15.51 years). The most frequent diagnosis was Sjögren's syndrome (40.06%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (36.6%). The most prevalent pattern by indirect immunofluorescence was the fine speckled (69.9%). Anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ combination was positively associated with fine speckled pattern (p: 0.001) and negatively with homogeneous (p: 0.016) and cytoplasmic pattern (p: 0.002). Isolated anti-Ro52+ was negatively associated with fine speckled pattern (p<0.001) and positively with the cytoplasmic one (p<0.001). The main positive associations with clinical symptoms were xerostomia and xerophthalmia with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p<0.001), oral ulcers with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La- (p: 0.002) and alopecia with anti-Ro52-/anti-Ro60+/anti-La- (p: 0.003). Negative associations were xerophthalmia and photosensitivity with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60-/anti-La- (p: 0.003). Laboratory positive associations were hypergammaglobulinemia with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60+/anti-La+ (p: 0.003), and hypocomplementemia with anti-Ro52-/anti-Ro60+/anti-La- (p: 0.003). Leucopenia was negatively associated with anti-Ro52+/anti-Ro60-/anti-La- (p: 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our study found significant relationships between clinical and laboratory manifestations with different patterns of antibodies to anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60 and anti-La. The combination of antibodies might be clinically useful due to prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en artritis reumatoide, osteoartritis, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal terminal y población geriátrica. Experiencia de un Hospital General en México / Health related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, end stage renal disease and geriatric subjects. Experience from a General Hospital in Mexico

Introducción. Las enfermedades crónicas impactan en la morbimortalidad y en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los pacientes a nivel mundial. El impacto de las enfermedades reumáticas no ha sido totalmente reconocido. Objetivos. Determinar la CVRS y evaluar áreas específicas en artritis reumatoide (AR), osteoartritis (OA), diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal terminal, población geriátrica y un grupo control. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en el Hospital General de Morelia. Los sujetos cumplían criterios para AR, OA, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal terminal, un grupo de población geriátrica (≥ 65 años) y un grupo control ≥ 30 años. Se determinaron características sociodemográficas y se aplicaron instrumentos: SF-36, escala visual analógica de dolor, valoración global del paciente y médico, inventario para depresión de Beck, e instrumentos específicos (DAS-28, HAQ-Di, WOMAC, Diabetes Quality of Life [DQOL] y Kidney Disease Questionnaire of Life [KDQOL]). Mediciones bioquímicas: velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), biometría hemática (BH), glucosa, HbA1C, creatinina y urea. Resultados. Fueron evaluados 290 sujetos (un grupo control: 100, población geriátrica 30 y 160 en los demás grupos). Se detectaron diferencias (p < 0,0001) en las características basales. Los puntajes del SF-36 fueron diferentes entre los grupos (p = 0,007). La peor CVRS se observó en el grupo de insuficiencia renal terminal (media ± DE: 48,06 ± 18,84). En el grupo de AR la salud en general fue el área más afectada. El dolor fue mayor en las enfermedades reumáticas: OA (5,2 ± 2,4) y AR (5,1 ± 3). El HAQ-Di fue mayor en OA comparado con AR (1,12 ± 0,76 vs. 0,82 ± 0,82 respectivamente; p = 0,001). El 45% de los sujetos tuvo depresión. Conclusiones. La CVRS en pacientes con AR es mala y equiparable a lo que sucede en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas (insuficiencia renal terminal y diabetes mellitus). Las enfermedades reumáticas deben considerarse padecimientos de alto impacto y por ello merecen mayor atención (AU)

Introduction. Chronic diseases have a great impact in the morbidity and mortality and in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients around the world. The impact of rheumatic diseases has not been fully recognized. We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the HRQoL in different chronic diseases. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the HRQoL and identify specific areas affected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, geriatric subjects and a control group. Patients and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study, in a General Hospital in Morelia, Mexico. All patients met classification criteria for RA, OA, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease; the geriatric subjects group was ≥ 65 years, and the control group ≥ 30 years. Demographic characteristics were recorded, different instruments were applied: SF-36, visual analogue scale for pain, patient's and physician's global assessments, Beck Depression Inventory and specific instruments (DAS-28, HAQ-Di, WOMAC, Diabetes Quality of Life [DQOL] and Kidney Disease Questionnaire of Life [KDQOL]). Biochemical measures: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood count, glucose, HbA1C, serum creatinine and urea. Results. We evaluated 290 subjects (control group: 100; geriatric subjects: 30 and 160 for the rest of groups). Differences were detected in baseline characteristics (P < .0001). The SF-36 scores were different between control group and others groups (P = 0.007). The worst HRQoL was in end-stage renal disease group ( ± SD: 48.06 ± 18.84 x/SD). The general health was the principal affected area in RA. The pain was higher in rheumatic diseases: OA (5.2 ± 2.4) and RA (5.1 ± 3). HAQ was higher in OA compared to RA (1.12 ± 0.76 vs 0.82 ± 0.82, respectively; P = .001). Forty five percent of all subjects had depression. Conclusions. The HRQoL in RA patients is poor and comparable to other chronic diseases (end-stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus). Rheumatic diseases should be considered high impact diseases and therefore should receive more attention (AU)

Mielitis transversa en síndrome de Sjögren y lupus eritematoso sistémico: presentación de 3 casos / Myelitis transverse in Sjögren´s syndrome and systemic Lupus erythematosus: presentation of 3 cases

La mielitis transversa es una inflamación focal poco frecuente de la médula espinal. Su etiología es múltiple y entre ellas se encuentran las enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo principalmente el lupus eritematoso sistémico y el síndrome de Sjögren. Su presentación clínica puede ser de forma aguda o subaguda, con peor pronóstico en la mielitis transversa aguda. Un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento intensivo desde el inicio es de gran importancia en la evolución de este tipo de pacientes. Presentamos 3 casos con mielitis transversa asociados a enfermedades autoinmunes y discutimos sus distintas manifestaciones clínicas, la asociación a autoanticuerpos, las imágenes radiológicas, el tratamiento y el pronóstico (AU)

Transverse myelitis is a rare focal inflammation of the spinal cord. Multiple etiologies have been identified including autoimmune diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’ syndrome. It can occur in an acute or subacute clinical onset, with the acute presentation having a worse prognosis. An early diagnosis and intensive treatment are important features recommended in these patients. We present three cases with transverse myelitis associated with autoimmune diseases. We discuss different clinical manifestations, association with autoantobodies, radiologic findings, and therapeutic and prognostic issues (AU)

Health related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, end stage renal disease and geriatric subjects. Experience from a General Hospital in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic diseases have a great impact in the morbidity and mortality and in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients around the world. The impact of rheumatic diseases has not been fully recognized. We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the HRQoL in different chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the HRQoL and identify specific areas affected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, geriatric subjects and a control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, in a General Hospital in Morelia, Mexico. All patients met classification criteria for RA, OA, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease; the geriatric subjects group was≥65 years, and the control group≥30 years. Demographic characteristics were recorded, different instruments were applied: SF-36, visual analogue scale for pain, patient's and physician's global assessments, Beck Depression Inventory and specific instruments (DAS-28, HAQ-Di, WOMAC, Diabetes Quality of Life [DQOL] and Kidney Disease Questionnaire of Life [KDQOL]). Biochemical measures: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood count, glucose, HbA1C, serum creatinine and urea. RESULTS: We evaluated 290 subjects (control group: 100; geriatric subjects: 30 and 160 for the rest of groups). Differences were detected in baseline characteristics (P<.0001). The SF-36 scores were different between control group and others groups (P=0.007). The worst HRQoL was in end-stage renal disease group (±SD: 48.06±18.84 x/SD). The general health was the principal affected area in RA. The pain was higher in rheumatic diseases: OA (5.2±2.4) and RA (5.1±3). HAQ was higher in OA compared to RA (1.12±0.76 vs 0.82±0.82, respectively; P=.001). Forty five percent of all subjects had depression. CONCLUSIONS: The HRQoL in RA patients is poor and comparable to other chronic diseases (end-stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus). Rheumatic diseases should be considered high impact diseases and therefore should receive more attention.