How to reduce avoidable admissions due to acute diabetes complications? Interrelation between primary and specialized attention in a diabetes unit / ¿Cómo reducir los ingresos evitables por complicaciones agudas de la diabetes? Interrelación entre atención primaria y especializada en una unidad de diabetes

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a serious health problem. In the year 2030 it will affect 366 million people around the world. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a mixed intervention and reducing the amount and seriousness of acute complications in diabetics from our Health Area. Materials and method: Protocols of action as well as information documents were produced. Diabetes Unit coordinated educational activities in the different support levels of the Area VII of Murcia. Information talks were provided for the people in charge of the Diabetes Unit in every Care Center and Service of the Health Area. Personalized training was provided for patients treated in the differet Care levels. The study comprised three stages. Information leaflets were spread and talks offered to the patient regarding in house handling of hypo and hyper glycemia. Results: A reduction of 39% of the emergencies due to acute non complicated diabetes was achieved, as well as a reduction of 47.6% of hospital admissions. There was a reduction of 67.8% of the amount of total hospital stays for the group of patients under 35 years who were admitted into the hospital due to type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus that didn't show any complications (GRD295). Conclusions: There was a reduction of more than thirty percent in the emergencies due to acute decompensations in the disease and a significant reduction in the avoidable hospital stays in the young adult, thus improving the patients' life quality and reducing the social cost of the diabetic patient (AU)

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema de salud grave. En el año 2030 afectará a 366 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención mixta y reducir la cantidad y gravedad de las complicaciones agudas de la diabetes en nuestra Área de Salud. Material y método: Se diseñaron protocolos de actuación y documentos de información. La Unidad de Diabetes coordinó las actividades educativas en los diferentes niveles de soporte de la VII Zona de Murcia. Se realizaron charlas de información para los responsables de la Unidad de Diabetes en cada Centro de Atención y Servicio del Área de Salud. Se dio formación personalizada a los pacientes tratados en los distintos niveles de atención. El estudio constó de tres etapas. Se entregaron folletos informativos y charlas al paciente con respecto a la manipulación domiciliaria de hipo e hiperglucemia. Resultados: Se logró una reducción del 39% de las emergencias debidas a diabetes aguda no complicada, así como una reducción del 39% de las emergencias debidas a diabetes aguda no complicada, así como una reducción del 47,6% de los ingresos hospitalarios. Hubo una reducción del 67,8% de la estancia hospitalaria total para el grupo de pacientes menores de 35 años que fueron ingresados en el hospital debido a diabetes tipo 1 o 2 que no mostraron ningún tipo de complicaciones (GRD295). Conclusiones: Se observó una reducción de más del treinta por ciento en los casos de urgencias por descompensaciones agudas de la enfermedad y una reducción significativa en las estancias hospitalarias evitables en el adulto joven, mejorando así la calidad de vida de los pacientes y reduciendo el costo social del paciente diabético (AU)

How to reduce avoidable admissions due to acute diabetes complications?: interrelation between primary and specialized attention in a diabetes unit.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a serious health problem. In the year 2030 it will affect 366 million people around the world. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of a mixed intervention and reducing the amount and seriousness of acute complications in diabetics from our Health Area. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Protocols of action as well as information documents were produced. Diabetes Unit coordinated educational activities in the different support levels of the Area VII of Murcia. Information talks were provided for the people in charge of the Diabetes Unit in every Care Center and Service of the Health Area. Personalized training was provided for patients treated in the different Care levels. The study comprised three stages. Information leaflets were spread and talks offered to the patient regarding in house handling of hypo and hyper glycemia. RESULTS: A reduction of 39% of the emergencies due to acute non complicated diabetes was achieved, as well as a reduction of 47.6% of hospital admissions. There was a reduction of 67.8% of the amount of total hospital stays for the group of patients under 35 years who were admitted into the hospital due to type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus that didn't show any complications (GRD295). CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction of more than thirty percent in the emergencies due to acute decompensations in the disease and a significant reduction in the avoidable hospital stays in the young adult, thus improving the patients' life quality and reducing the social cost of the diabetic patient.

[Prognostic morbidity and mortality factors in hospital enteral nutrition: prospective study]. / Factores pronósticos de morbi-mortalidad en nutrición enteral hospitalaria: estudio prospectivo.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic factors that may best for see the outcome of an enteral nutritional intervention and to assess the assistance quality of a nutrition unit. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Patients that required enteral nutrition during hospital admission at a third level center. INTERVENTIONS: Observational prospective study in which 160 patients were included by means of consecutive sampling, for a 6-months follow-up period. Underlying pathology, disability degree, nutritional assessment, type of enteral nutrition, complications, nursing care, and clinical course of patients were determined. RESULTS: severe caloric and protein hyponutrition was diagnosed in 48.4 and 52.9% of patients; stress degree was moderate in 52.2% and severe in 36.5%. In 88.2% of patients variation of protein parameters was unchanged or improved, with a 0.26 g/dL increase in albumin levels and 2.4 m/dL in prealbumin (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis adjusted for plasma albumin at admission showed that besides this biochemical parameter, a severe stress degree, a decreased alertness level, and worsening of protein variation during admission are independent prognostic mortality factors during an enteral nutritional intervention in the hospitalized patient (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: alertness level, degree of caloric hyponutrition, stress degree, plasma albumin levels, and variation of protein parameters during nutritional support are independent prognostic factors for the nutritional intervention outcomes. The development of global monitoring systems of assistance activity and quality of Nutrition Units is paramount in order to improve the efficiency of enteral nutritional support at the hospital setting, to advance in patients care and promote the development of nutritional therapy.

Factores pronósticos de morbi-mortalidad en nutrición enteral hospitalaria: estudio prospectivo / Prognostic morbidity and mortality factors in hospital enteral nutrition: prospective study

Objetivos: Determinar aquellos factores pronósticos que mejor puedan prever el resultado de una intervención nutricional vía enteral y evaluar la calidad asistencial de una unidad de nutrición. Ámbito y sujetos: Pacientes que precisaron nutrición enteral en régimen de ingreso hospitalario, en un centro de 3.er nivel. Intervenciones: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, en el que se incluyeron 160 pacientes mediante muestreo consecutivo, durante un período de seguimiento de 6 meses. Se determinó: patología de base, grado de incapacidad, valoración nutricional, tipo de nutrición enteral, complicaciones, cuidados de enfermería y evolución clínica de los pacientes. Resultados: Se diagnosticó desnutrición calórica y protéica graves en el 48,4 y 52,9% de los pacientes; el grado de estrés fue moderado en el 52,2% y grave en el 36,5%. En el 88,2% de los pacientes la variación de los parámetros protéicos fueron de igual o mejor, con un incremento en las concentraciones de albúmina de 0,26 g/dl y prealbúmina de 2,4 mg/dl (p < 0,05). El análisis multivariante, ajustado por la albúmina plasmática al ingreso mostró que, además de este parámetro bioquímico, el grado de estrés grave, el nivel de consciencia disminuido, y el empeoramiento en la variación protéica durante el ingreso, son factores pronósticos independientes de mortalidad en el transcurso de una intervención nutricional enteral en el paciente hospitalizado (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El nivel de consciencia, grado de desnutrición calórica, grado de estrés, concentraciones de albúmina plasmática y la variación de los parámetros proteicos durante el soporte nutricional, son factores pronósticos independientes del resultado de una inter-vención nutricional. El desarrollo de sistemas de monitorización global de la actividad y calidad asistencial de las Unidades de Nutrición, son básicos para mejorar la eficiencia del soporte nutricional vía enteral en el ámbito intrahospitalario, avanzar en el cuidado de los pacientes y favorecer el desarrollo de la terapia nutricional (AU)

Objective: To determine the prognostic factors that may best for see the outcome of an enteral nutritional intervention and to assess the assistance quality of a nutrition unit. Setting and subjects: Patients that required enteral nutrition during hospital admission at a third level center. Interventions: observational prospective study in which 160 patients were included by means of consecutive sampling, for a 6-months follow-up period. Underlying pathology, disability degree, nutritional assessment, type of enteral nutrition, complications, nursing care, and clinical course of patients were determined. Results: severe caloric and protein hyponutrition was diagnosed in 48.4 and 52.9% of patients; stress degree was moderate in 52.2% and severe in 36.5%. In 88.2% of patients variation of protein parameters was unchanged or improved, with a 0.26 g/dL increase in albumin levels and 2.4 m/dL in prealbumin (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis adjusted for plasma albumin at admission showed that besides this biochemical parameter, a severe stress degree, a decreased alertness level, and worsening of protein variation during admission are independent prognostic mortality factors during an enteral nutritional intervention in the hospitalized patient (p < 0.05). Conclusions: alertness level, degree of caloric hyponutrition, stress degree, plasma albumin levels, and variation of protein parameters during nutritional support are independent prognostic factors for the nutritional intervention outcomes. The development of global monitoring systems of assistance activity and quality of Nutrition Units is paramount in order to improve the efficiency of enteral nutritional support at the hospital setting, to advance in patients care and promote the development of nutritional therapy (AU)

Displasia nodular pigmentada suprarrenal bilateral y síndrome de Carney. A propósito de un caso / Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease and Carney syndrome. A case report

La displasia nodular pigmentada bilateral suprarrenal (DNPBS) es una forma peculiar e infrecuente de aparición del síndrome de Cushing ACTH-independiente. Se presenta con autonomía de las glándulas suprarrenales y displasia suprarrenal bilateral con características histológicas de benignidad. La suprarrenalectomía bilateral es el único tratamiento curativo para esta enfermedad. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 31 años con DNPBS en la que destaca el inicio relativamente tardío de esta enfermedad y que justifica el aspecto micronodular en el estudio patológico, en contra de la clásica descripción de la DNPBS. Se estudia la posible asociación con el síndrome de Carney (mixomas, lesiones cutáneas hiperpigmentadas e hiperactividad endocrina), del cual la paciente presenta dos elementos: DNPBS y efélides, aunque el estudio familiar es negativo. Se revisa el diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad suprarrenal nodular, la DNPBS y el síndrome de Carney (AU)