Comparison of the effect of postoperative care agents on human gingival fibroblasts: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare effects of postoperative care agents; chlorhexidine, octenidine dihydrochloride and hyaluronic acid on human gingival fibroblasts' viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After cell culturing; chlorhexidine, octenidine dihydrochloride and hyaluronic acid solutions were applied on cells and nothing was applied for control group. The cells were monitored to investigate cytotoxicity; the percentage of apoptotic, living and dead cells at the time of 24, 48, and 72 hours (h). A scratch wound assay was performed to detect cell migration and cells were monitored at baseline, at 24 and 48h. RESULTS: At 24h, chlorhexidine showed statistically lower percentage of total apoptotic cells' than octenidine dihydrochloride (p=0.049), hyaluronic acid (p=0.049) and control (p=0.049). At 48h, hyaluronic acid showed statistically lower percentage than chlorhexidine (p=0.049), and control (p=0.049). All agents were found to have statistically and significantly more cytotoxic than control. However, there was no difference between experimental groups for proliferation rate. Octenidine dihydrochloride showed statistically negative effects on cell migration than chlorhexidine and hyaluronic acid at 24h. Chlorhexidine and hyaluronic acid maintained migration ability of cells than octenidine dihydrochloride at 48h. CONCLUSION: All agents have similar effects on cell behavior such as viability, apoptosis and cell proliferation. However, octenidine dihydrochloride showed statistically negative effects on migration ability than chlorhexidine and hyaluronic acid.

Influence of the Localization of Frontal Bone Defects on Primary Stability Values of 2 Different Implant Designs: An In Vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different frontal bone defect localizations on primary stability values of 2 different implant designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight cow rib segments were prepared before implant installation, as 2 segments with coronal, 2 with middle, and 2 with apical defects and 2 with control. Thirty-two cylindrical and 32 tapered implants were placed in the remaining 4 segments. Implant stability measurements were performed using electronic percussive testing and resonance frequency analysis. RESULTS: No significance was detected between the stability values of the 2 implant designs except the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of control groups. The tapered implants control group showed significantly higher lateral ISQs compared with cylindrical implants (P = 0.033). For both implant types, stability values were significantly lower in coronal defects (P < 0.01). No significant differences were detected in other defect types. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that coronal defects may influence primary stability negatively, compared with middle and apical defects. Although statistically not significant, coronal defects caused lower primary stability values with the tapered design compared with parallel design.

The effect of hemostatic agents and tissue adhesive on injured peripheral nerve healing in rats - Part I. Electrophysiological study.

BACKGROUND: In the practice of maxillofacial surgery, bleeding and nerve injury have common problems. In the control of bleeding, hemostatic agents and tissue adhesives have been frequently used. The effect of these hemostatic agents and tissue adhesives on the injured neural tissues has not been known. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hemostatic agents and tissue adhesive on injured nerve tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-two rats randomly divided into seven groups: Control, Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC), Gelatine Sponge (GS), Bovine Collagen (BC), Ankaferd BloodStopper (ABS), Glutaraldehyde Surgical Adhesive (BioGlue®) and N-butil-2 cyanoacrylate (Glubran®2). The left sciatic nerves were crushed and surrounded by hemostatic agents and tissue adhesives. At the end of 12 weeks, the surgical site was reopened and electrophysiological recordings were performed. RESULTS: In the ORC, GS, and BC groups, the compound action potential (CAP) values were lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although the values of CAP in the ABS group were higher than in the control group while CAP values in the BioGlue and Glubran®2 groups were lower than the control group, there was no statistical significance between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). In the ORC, BC, GS, and Glubran®2 groups, the nerve conduction velocities (NCV) values were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the ABS and BioGlue groups, NCV values were lower compared to the control group but no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that ABS is the most suitable hemostatic agent due to its favorable effect on the healing of injured neural tissues. BioGlue is also a suitable surgical agent with no adverse effects.

Assessment of heat generation during implant insertion.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Many studies have investigated the heat generated during implant preparation, but data are needed to better predict heat generation during implant insertion. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the heat generated during insertion of an implant at speeds of 30, 50, and 100 rpm, and with manual insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four uniform fresh bovine femoral cortical bone specimens were used. After the cortical bone was drilled, 3 different implant insertion speeds and the manual insertion of the implant were evaluated for 2 different implant diameters. The temperature was measured with 2 Teflon-insulated, type K thermocouples. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS: The highest thermal change for 4.1-mm-diameter implants was found at a speed of 100 rpm (9.81°C ±2.29°C), and the lowest thermal change was 3.69°C ±0.85°C at a speed of 30 rpm. A statistically significant difference was found between 100 rpm and the other 3 insertion procedures. The highest thermal change for a 4.8-mm-diameter implant was found at a speed of 100 rpm (8.79°C ±1.53°C), and the lowest thermal change was 4.48°C ±0.85°C at a speed of 30 rpm. No statistical difference was observed with manual, 30 rpm, and 50 rpm; however, a statistically significant difference was found between 100 rpm and the other 3 insertion procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Manual implant insertion and at speeds of 30 rpm and 50 rpm generated lower heat compared with insertion at 100 rpm.

Assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the periodontium of rats treated with atorvastatin.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine, for the first time, the role of systemic and local atorvastatin application on periodontium using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis during and after experimental periodontitis induction with or without the presence of microbial dental biofilm. METHODS: One hundred ten male Wistar rats were used. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars; rats in the healthy control group received no ligatures (n = 10). In experimental periodontitis groups (n = 90), systemic and local atorvastatin and saline were administered in three different periods; the control periodontitis group (n = 10) received no treatment. Histomorphometric analysis, which included alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment loss, and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, were performed after the rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedure. RESULTS: There was a greater increase in alveolar bone area and VEGF immunoreactivity, as well as a greater decrease in alveolar bone and attachment loss and MMP-9 immunoreactivity, with systemic and local atorvastatin application during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Local atorvastatin application showed better results on periodontium with regard to alveolar bone findings. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic and local atorvastatin application showed beneficial effects on periodontium during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that atorvastatin, which is used for hypercholesterolemia treatment, can also be used as a protective and therapeutic agent for periodontal disease.

Metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the mandible: Report of a case.

Adenocarcinoma of the lung that metastasizes to the mandible is uncommon. There are only a few cases described in the English-language literature regarding metastasis to mandible from adenocarcinoma of the lung. This article shows a metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung affecting the mandible of a 55-year-old male patient where the metastatic lesion was detected before primary tumor. This article emphasizes the importance of detailed dentoalveolar examination and early diagnosis for finding the primary focus of metastatic lesions.