Oral squamous cell carcinoma and serum paraoxonase 1.

BACKGROUND: Serum paraoxonase 1 is involved in mechanisms that protect cells from oxidative stress damage. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum paraoxonase 1 activity and polymorphisms in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 59 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and polymorphisms in blood samples were compared with results for polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism tests. RESULTS: Mean serum paraoxonase 1 activity levels were lower in patients than controls (mean ± standard deviation, 21.9 ± 5 units/l and 120.4 ± 2 units/l, respectively) (p = 0.001). The serum paraoxonase 1 192 glutamine polymorphism was more common in patients than controls. CONCLUSION: Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma had significantly lower serum paraoxonase 1 activity levels and a greater prevalence of the serum paraoxonase 1 192 glutamine allele, compared with controls. Serum paraoxonase 1 may play a role in the aetiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

MCP-1 and CCR2 gene variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM: We aimed to investigate a possible association of the MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms with the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: MCP-1 A2518G and CCR2 V64I gene polymorphisms were performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, in 129 patients with OSCC and 140 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Individuals who had G allele and GG genotype of MCP-1, and 64I allele and wt/64I genotype of CCR2 had increased risk for OSCC (P<0.05.) In contrast, individuals with CCR2 wt/wt genotype seem to be protected from OSCC (P < 0.01). Haplotype analysis revealed that MCP-1G: CCR2 64I haplotype frequencies were significantly higher in patients than those of controls (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We can suggest that the G allele of MCP-1 and 64I allele of CCR2 may be risk factors for OSCC.

Preservation of micronutrients during rapeseed oil refining: a tool to optimize the health value of edible vegetable oils? Rationale and design of the Optim'Oils randomized clinical trial.

Numerous micronutrients naturally abundant in oilseeds prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing cholesterolemia and oxidative stress. These micronutrients include phytosterols and various antioxidants such as polyphenols, tocopherols and coenzyme Q10/Q9 but most of them are lost during the oilseed oil refining. The main objective of the Optim'Oil project was to modify the processes of oil refining in order to reduce the lost of micronutrients. Two clinical trials (cross-over, monocentric, randomized, double-blind and controlled) were designed to investigate the effect of an optimized rapeseed oil 1) on cardiovascular biomarkers (long-term study) and 2) on oxidative stress parameters (post-prandial study). For the long-term study, 59 volunteers ingested daily 20 g of oil and 22 g of margarine (optimized or standard) for 2 periods of 3 weeks separated by a 3-week wash-out period. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of each period. For the post-prandial study, a sub-group of 16 volunteers came fasted at the laboratory and took 300 mL of a test meal containing 60% of the optimized or standard oils. Blood samples were collected before and during 6h after the test meal intake. In comparison with the standard oil and margarine, the optimized oil and margarine exhibit as expected an increased content of phytosterol (+22%), polyphenols (× 11), tocopherols (+131%) and coenzyme Q10/Q9 (+165%). Overall, conditions of this study were relevant to investigate the effect of the optimized rapeseed oil and margarine on the cardiovascular risk and the oxidative stress.