[Experience of laser myringoplasty in children with juvenile ideopathic arthritis]. / Opyt lazernoi miringoplastiki u detei s yuvenil'nym idiopaticheskim artritom.

Surgeons' dissatisfaction with the surgical treatment for tympanic membrane perforations results leads to the constant improvement of the surgical technique and the emergence of new techniques. Difficulties arise in the surgical treatment of rheumatological patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs due to the high potential risk of postoperative complications. The most promising direction in this cohort of patients can be considered the use of laser exposure techniques under endoscopic control. The experience of performing endoscopic laser myringoplasty in 9 children aged from 6 to 16 years (mean age 10±3 years) with tympanic membrane perforation up to 6 mm in diameter and juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate and tocilizumab is presented. The effectiveness of the studied technique in relation to the closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane was 66.7%. Considering that in children, reconstructive ear surgery is considered less effective than in adults, and the presence of chronic systemic rheumatoid disease and immunosuppressive therapy are risk factors for recurrence of perforation after tympanoplasty, these results can be considered successful. The presented method is promising in this cohort of patients for the restoration of small tympanic membrane defects. However, further research is needed.

[Current views on the treatment and prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children (review of clinical recommendations)]. / Sovremennye predstavleniya o lechenii i profilaktike retsidiviruyushchego ostrogo srednego otita u detei (obzor klinicheskikh rekomendatsii).

Recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) represents at least 3 or more separate episodes of acute otitis media within 6 months or four or more episodes over a 12-month period. The incidence of recurrent otitis media varies from 5 to 30% and does not tend to decrease. Until now, the questions of conservative and surgical treatment of patients remain unsolved. One of the main methods of treatment is antimicrobial therapy. Recently, the treatment of recurrent otitis media is complicated by the increasing acquired resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. There is also no consensus on the need for and scope of surgical interventions for children with RAOM. The authors in their article cite existing modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of RAOM in children.

[Nasal septum perforation non-surgical treatment and preparation for plastic closure: literature review and own experience]. / Konservativnoe lechenie perforatsii peregorodki nosa i podgotovka k ikh plasticheskomu zakrytiyu: obzor literatury i sobstvennyi opyt.

Nasal septum perforations complete elimination is possible only with surgical treatment. However, most of perforation symptoms and clinical manifestations can be reduced with conservative treatments, thus improving the patient's quality of life. This article presents a short review of publications and our own clinical examples of nasal septum perforation conservative treatment methods in children and adults. Palliative methods and preparing for surgical closure are described.

[Obliteration of the middle ear cavity in children: the current state of the problem and our first experience]. / Obliteratsiya polostei srednego ukha u detei: sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy i nash pervyi opyt.

Chronic otitis media is one of the most common ear pathologies among children. This article provides a short overview of publications on surgical techniques. Currently, the most effective treatment is the surgical sanitation of the middle ear cavities. There are two fundamentally different approaches of operations in relation to the posterior wall of the external auditory canal - «open¼ and «closed¼ types. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, which are especially noticeable in pediatric revision otosurgery. Surgical obliteration of the sanitized middle ear cavities is an effective compromise option. However, the techniques of bone obliteration, which are actively applied among adults, are difficult if we discuss children ear. A way out of this situation may be the use of modern osteoplastic materials for filling large trepanation cavities. The article describes in detail the technique of revision sanitizing surgery on the middle ear using osteoplastic granules. Purpose of the study. The analysis of the first results of separate obliteration of paratympanic cavities in children using osteoplastic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from May 2018 to November 2020, on the basis of the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center of Children's Health¼ of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 28 children aged from 6 to 17-year-old with chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma were operated using osteoplastic obliteration, who had previously sanitizing operation on the middle ear. All children on admission to the hospital and 6-12 months after the operation underwent a complex examination. The condition of each patient was assessed using the OMO-22 quality of life questionnaire, to which the parents answered the questions twice - before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: During the postoperative period none of the patients had clinical signs of recurrence of cholesteatoma, which was confirmed by CT scan. When assessing the quality of life of children using a questionnaire, the average score before the operation was 130.2±27.7, after the operation - 61.5±21.1. The indicator of the bone-air interval before surgery in patients averaged 29.8±9.7 dB, 1 year after surgery - 13.0±10.9 dB (p>0.05). FINDINGS: The first experience of using osteoplastic materials for obliterating the paratympanic spaces in children has shown high efficiency, ease of use and safety.

[A case of isolated sphenoid osteoma with suppurative sinusitis in a 15-year-old child]. / Izolirovannaya osteoma klinovidnoi pazukhi v sochetanii s gnoinym sfenoiditom u rebenka 15 let.

Isolated sphenoid osteomas are very rare even in adults. There are extremely few publications on pediatric cases of sphenoid osteomas. This paper presents a case of isolated sphenoid osteoma combined with suppurative sphenoiditis in a 15-year-old patient. The child presented with persistent headache resistant to medical treatment. Endoscopic sphenotomy allowed both to remove osteoma and to relieve the symptoms of sinusitis. The presented case can be considered as the third detailed description of the sphenoid osteoma in children and the first demonstration of the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for its removal.

[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of the disease course in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus]. / Otorinolaringologicheskie aspekty techeniya zabolevaniya u detei, infitsirovannykh virusom SARS-CoV-2.

Recently, almost all over the world attention of doctors and scientists is focused on a new coronavirus infection, the source of which was the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, early diagnosis, including on the basis of symptoms from ENT organs, is crucial. A brief analysis of the available literature on the peculiarities of ENT organs manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is given. It was found out that to date there is very little data on the state of loro organs in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and no data on anosmia in the pediatric population. However, it is in children in the epidemic aspect that early diagnosis of infection and understanding of its key symptoms is of utmost importance.

[Features and effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery in children]. / Osobennosti i éffektivnost' éndoskopicheskoi sinusokhirurgii u detei.

The concept of modern functional endonasal sinus surgery in the pediatric population is based on sparing, minimally invasive interventions within the middle nasal passage, mainly the ostiomeatal complex, performed taking into account modern knowledge of the physiology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, as a result of which normal can be restored as soon as possible aerodynamics in the nasal cavity; respiratory and other functions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus are restored. The article presents the history, modern principles and indications for pediatric sinus surgery. The features of preparation, management of the postoperative period and the effectiveness of sinus surgery in the age aspect are described.

[Surgical treatment of chronic otitis media in children using three-dimensional imaging]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie khronicheskogo srednego otita u detei s ispol'zovaniem trekhmernoi vizualizatsii.

The introduction of three-dimensional exoscopy has opened a new stage in microsurgery in recent years. Researchers from various specialties give mostly positive reviews. There are very few works on the use of three-dimensional imaging in otorhinolaryngology, and there are practically no such works on otosurgery. This article presents a short review of publications and our own clinical examples, which are the first detailed description of VITOM 3D KARL STORZ exoscope use for cholesteatoma surgery in children, published in the available world literature. The first experience allowed us to draw preliminary conclusions about the comparability of this method of intraoperative imaging with a microscope. In addition, we have identified additional benefits of the exoscope. Further research will make it possible to better adapt the technique to the peculiarities of otosurgery, and it should take its place in the arsenal of ENT surgeons, along with microscopy.