Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: main recommendations of the Brazilian guidelines.

Over the years, various recommendations have been made in pursuit of controlling resistance to antituberculosis drugs, especially multidrug resistance, in Brazil. Given the importance of standardizing those recommendations, the aim of this study was to describe the main recommendations of the Brazilian guidelines, primarily those related to the treatment and follow-up of cases of tuberculosis. From August through October of 2018, a document search was conducted via the websites of the Brazilian National Ministry of Health, the Brazilian National Tuberculosis Control Program, the JBP, and the Official Gazette of the Federal Republic of Brazil. Data were collected systematically by using a protocol designed specifically for this study. Documents published between 2004 and 2018 were selected. It was possible to understand and trace the history of the measures for the control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Brazil from 2004, when the first documents related to the disease were published, up to 2018, when the second edition of the Brazilian National Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis was published. The contents of the documents were analyzed and grouped by case definition, diagnostic criteria, treatment, use of directly observed treatment; mechanisms of social protection for patients; data tools; and organization of care. This analysis allowed us to understand the efforts towards standardizing some measures in Brazil, not only identifying advances in the alignment with international prerogatives (case definition, incorporation of diagnostic technology, and treatment regimens) but also underscoring the need for greater clarity regarding the mechanisms of social protection and the organization of the care provided via the Brazilian health care system.

Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: main recommendations of the Brazilian guidelines / Manejo da tuberculose multirresistente: elementos centrais das recomendações brasileiras

ABSTRACT Over the years, various recommendations have been made in pursuit of controlling resistance to antituberculosis drugs, especially multidrug resistance, in Brazil. Given the importance of standardizing those recommendations, the aim of this study was to describe the main recommendations of the Brazilian guidelines, primarily those related to the treatment and follow-up of cases of tuberculosis. From August through October of 2018, a document search was conducted via the websites of the Brazilian National Ministry of Health, the Brazilian National Tuberculosis Control Program, the JBP, and the Official Gazette of the Federal Republic of Brazil. Data were collected systematically by using a protocol designed specifically for this study. Documents published between 2004 and 2018 were selected. It was possible to understand and trace the history of the measures for the control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Brazil from 2004, when the first documents related to the disease were published, up to 2018, when the second edition of the Brazilian National Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis was published. The contents of the documents were analyzed and grouped by case definition, diagnostic criteria, treatment, use of directly observed treatment; mechanisms of social protection for patients; data tools; and organization of care. This analysis allowed us to understand the efforts towards standardizing some measures in Brazil, not only identifying advances in the alignment with international prerogatives (case definition, incorporation of diagnostic technology, and treatment regimens) but also underscoring the need for greater clarity regarding the mechanisms of social protection and the organization of the care provided via the Brazilian health care system.

RESUMO No Brasil, algumas recomendações têm sido feitas ao longo dos anos em busca de controlar a resistência às drogas antituberculose, em especial a multirresistência. Tendo em vista a importância dessa normatização, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os elementos centrais dos documentos nacionais, especialmente em relação ao tratamento e acompanhamento dos casos. Entre agosto e outubro de 2018, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, com busca eletrônica nos sites do Ministério da Saúde, Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose, JBP e Diário Oficial da União. A coleta de dados ocorreu de forma sistematizada com roteiro construído para esta pesquisa. Os documentos foram publicados entre 2004 e 2018. Foi possível entender e traçar o histórico das medidas de controle da tuberculose multirresistente no Brasil a partir de 2004, com as primeiras publicações referentes à doença, até 2018, quando ocorreu a publicação da segunda edição do Manual de Recomendações para o Controle da Tuberculose no Brasil. Os conteúdos dos documentos foram analisados e agrupados quanto a definição de caso, critérios diagnósticos, tratamento, condução do tratamento diretamente observado, mecanismos de proteção social aos doentes, ferramentas de informação e organização da assistência. Tal análise permitiu compreender os esforços no sentido da padronização de algumas condutas no território nacional, identificando avanços quanto ao alinhamento com as prerrogativas internacionais (definição de caso, incorporação de tecnologia diagnóstica e esquemas de tratamento); porém, evidenciou-se a necessidade de maior clareza quanto aos mecanismos de proteção social e à organização da assistência no sistema de saúde nacional.