Comparative genomics, pangenomics, and phenomic studies of Pectobacterium betavasculorum strains isolated from sugar beet, potato, sunflower, and artichoke: insights into pathogenicity, virulence determinants, and adaptation to the host plant.

Introduction: Bacteria of genus Pectobacterium, encompassing economically significant pathogens affecting various plants, includes the species P. betavasculorum, initially associated with beetroot infection. However, its host range is much broader. It causes diseases of sunflower, potato, tomato, carrots, sweet potato, radish, squash, cucumber, and chrysanthemum. To explain this phenomenon, a comprehensive pathogenomic and phenomic characterisation of P. betavasculorum species was performed. Methods: Genomes of P. betavasculorum strains isolated from potato, sunflower, and artichoke were sequenced and compared with those from sugar beet isolates. Metabolic profiling and pathogenomic analyses were conducted to assess virulence determinants and adaptation potential. Pathogenicity assays were performed on potato tubers and chicory leaves to confirm in silico predictions of disease symptoms. Phenotypic assays were also conducted to assess the strains ability to synthesise homoserine lactones and siderophores. Results: The genome size ranged from 4.675 to 4.931 kbp, and GC % was between 51.0% and 51.2%. The pangenome of P. betavasculorum is open and comprises, on average, 4,220 gene families. Of these, 83% of genes are the core genome, and 2% of the entire pangenome are unique genes. Strains isolated from sugar beet have a smaller pangenome size and a higher number of unique genes than those from other plants. Interestingly, genomes of strains from artichoke and sunflower share 391 common CDS that are not present in the genomes of other strains from sugar beet or potato. Those strains have only one unique gene. All strains could use numerous sugars as building materials and energy sources and possessed a high repertoire of virulence determinants in the genomes. P. betavasculorum strains were able to cause disease symptoms on potato tubers and chicory leaves. They were also able to synthesise homoserine lactones and siderophores. Discussion: The findings underscore the adaptability of P. betavasculorum to diverse hosts and environments. Strains adapted to plants with high sugar content in tissues have a different composition of fatty acids in membranes and a different mechanism of replenishing nitrogen in case of deficiency of this compound than strains derived from other plant species. Extensive phenomics and genomic analyses performed in this study have shown that P. betavasculorum species is an agronomically relevant pathogen.

Profiles of Serum Fatty Acids in Healthy Women on Different Types of Vegetarian Diets.

BACKGROUND: Plant-based dietary patterns are a source of different amounts and proportions of fatty acids (FAs) from those in traditional diets. Information about the full FAs profile provided by plant-based diets is widely lacking. The aim of this study was to present the exact serum profiles of FAs among people on a plant-based diet compared with omnivorous subjects. METHODS: FAs compositions and inflammation statuses (based on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels) were studied in serum samples obtained from 102 female volunteers (divided into four groups: vegans, vegetarians, pescatarians, and omnivores). The quality of the volunteers' diets was assessed based on seven-day dietary records. RESULTS: Both vegans and vegetarians had lower total n-3 PUFAs, EPA, and DHA serum levels than omnivores. Decreased levels of these FAs presumably did not cause inflammation in vegetarians and vegans, as vegetarians had similar serum levels of CRP compared to omnivores, and vegans had even lower levels. CONCLUSION: The analysis of serum FAs and CRP levels in vegetarians and vegans suggests that factors other than diet alone influence inflammation and overall health status. Further research on long-term plant-based diet users is needed to better understand this issue, and supplementation with EPA and DHA is worth considering in vegans and vegetarians.

Lipidomic analysis reveals alterations in hepatic FA profile associated with MASLD stage in patients with obesity.

CONTEXT: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Excess caloric intake and high-fat diets are considered to significantly contribute to MASLD development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hepatic and serum fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with different stages of MASLD, and their relationship with FA dietary intake and MASLD-related risk factors. METHODS: This was a case-control study in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at a University Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Participants were distributed in three groups: no MASLD (n = 26), steatotic liver disease (n = 33), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (n = 32). Hepatic and serum FAs levels were determined by GC-MS. The nutritional status was evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires. The hepatic expression of genes involved in FA metabolism was analyzed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: The hepatic, but not serum, FA profiles were significantly altered in patients with MASLD compared to those without MASLD. No differences were observed in FA intake between the groups. Levels of C16:0, C18:1, and the C18:1/C18:0 ratio were higher, while C18:0 levels and C18:0/C16:0 ratio were lower in patients with MASLD being significantly different between the three groups. Hepatic FA levels and ratios correlated with histopathological diagnosis and other MASLD-related parameters. The expression of genes involved in the FA metabolism was upregulated in patients with MASLD. CONCLUSION: Alterations in hepatic FA levels in MASLD patients were due to an enhancement of the de novo lipogenesis in the liver.

Effect of Primary Versus Revisional One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) on Fatty Acid Profile.

INTRODUCTION: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is one option of a revisional procedure for failed sleeve gastrectomy. Moreover, it can be used as a primary bariatric procedure, and is an effective surgery resulting in significant weight loss and the resolution or improvement of obesity-associated medical problems, accompanied by low perioperative complications. However, as with any therapy, OAGB has its limitations, including micronutrient deficiency or malnutrition. In our study, we compared the fatty acid (FA) profile in serum of patients after both primary OAGB (pOAGB) and revisional OAGB (rOAGB) to identify potential postsurgical FA alterations. METHODS: This is a retrospective study on patients with obesity who underwent OAGB procedures (pOAGB n=68; rOAGB n=17), conducted from 2016 to 2018. In blood, we analyzed a series of biochemical parameters, and in the serum, the FA profile was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The percentage of excess BMI loss (% EBMIL) after pOAGB was 73.5 ± 2.47% in comparison to 45.9 ± 4.15% in the rOAGB group (p<0.001). In contrast to the lack of effect of rOAGB on most polyunsaturated FAs, in the pOAGB group, there was a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid, and eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels (p<0.001). We also found a decrease in very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) and an increase in branched-chain FAs (BCFAs) after both types of OAGB procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Both OAGB procedures improved the profile of most FAs, leading to a decrease in VLCFAs, which are considered harmful, and an improvement in BCFAs, which are considered to be beneficial. There is a need to further investigate the possibility of n-3 polyunsaturated FA supplementation after pOAGB, due to the large decrease in these FAs after pOAGB.

Fatty acid analysis in serum of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease undergoing lipoprotein apheresis.

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is an extracorporeal treatment that transiently reduces lipoprotein (a) by 60% and leads to an 80-92% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. LA has a significant impact on lipid profile in serum of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of LA on the composition of serum fatty acids (FAs), focusing on those which could have an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: This is a prospective study in the First Department of Cardiology of the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Serum samples were collected from 28 patients before LA, just after the procedure, and 7 days after LA. Additionally, in a smaller group of patients, the samples were collected after second tour of LA (2 weeks later), as well as after 1 year from the first procedure. The serum FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: After the LA procedure, a substantial change in serum FA composition along with LDL-C and Lp(a) decrease were observed 7 days after procedure, but these parameters returned to the values similar to those before procedure after 14 days. Very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) and very long-chain monounsaturated FAs (VLC-MUFAs) were eluted at 57% and remained low even 7 days after LA (p=0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). We also observed an increase in the percentage of total branched-chain FAs (BCFAs) (p=0.004) and anteiso BCFAs (p=0.012) after FA. After 1 year of regular LA, a substantial decrease in serum VLC-MUFAs and n3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFAs) were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased VLCFAs and VLC-MUFAs involved in CVD development remained low even 7 days after LA. An acute increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory BCFAs was observed. In turn long-term regular administration of LA substantially decreased VLC-MUFA and n3 PUFA.

The Effect of Silencing Fatty Acid Elongase 4 and 6 Genes on the Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells show some alterations in lipid metabolism, including an increased fatty acid elongation. This study was focused on investigating the effect of a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated decrease in fatty acid elongation on CRC cells' survival and migration. In our study, the elongase 4 (ELOVL4) and elongase 6 (ELOVL6) genes were observed to be highly overexpressed in both the CRC tissue obtained from patients and the CRC cells cultured in vitro (HT-29 and WiDr cell lines). The use of the siRNAs for ELOVL4 and ELOVL6 reduced cancer cell proliferation and migration rates. These findings indicate that the altered elongation process decreased the survival of CRC cells, and in the future, fatty acid elongases can be potentially good targets in novel CRC therapy.

Branched-chain fatty acids affect the expression of fatty acid synthase and C-reactive protein genes in the hepatocyte cell line.

Fatty acids (FAs) are known to play an important role in human metabolism; however, still little is known about the functions of certain FA classes present in blood at relatively low concentrations. Examples of such compounds include branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). Recently, lowered BCFAs blood concentration was noticed in obese patients. An inverse correlation was found between serum concentrations of BCFAs and triglyceride levels, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome and both disorders are accompanied by the dysregulation of FAs metabolism. However, not all of them are well understood. Our study is the first attempt at presenting the opposite effects of an iso-BCFA (14-methylpentadecanoic acid, 14-MPA) and an anteiso-BCFA (12-methyltetradecanoic acid, 12-MTA) on selected genes related to fatty acid synthesis and inflammation: FASN, SREBP1, CRP, and IL-6 in the HepG2 cell line. We observed lowered expression of FASN, SREBP1, CRP, and IL-6 in cells treated with 14-MPA in comparison with control cells. In contrast, supplementation with 12-MTA caused opposite effects: increased mRNA levels of FASN, CRP, and IL-6. 12-MTA did not influence SREBP1 expression. The results of our preliminary study may suggest potential benefits of the supplementation of iso-BCFAs in obese patients, for inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia prevention.

Alterations in the amino acid profile in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Purpose: Amino acids (AAs) play important physiological roles in living cells. Some amino acid changes in blood are specific for autoimmune disorders, and some are specific for thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to profile AA metabolites in the serum of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC0) without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and patients with PTC with HT (PTC1) and predict whether AA metabolites are associated with thyroid disease, thyroid hormone and thyroid autoantibodies. Methods: A total of 95 serum samples were collected, including 28 healthy controls (HCs), 28 PTC0 patients and 39 PTC1 patients. Serum samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-triple stage quadrupole-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TSQ-MS), and twenty-one amino acids (AAs) were detected. Results: The serum concentration of glutamic acid was significantly elevated in PTC1 patients compared with PTC0 patients. Lysine was the second amino acid that differentiated these two groups of PTC patients. In addition, the serum concentrations of glycine, alanine and tyrosine were significantly reduced in both PTC patient groups compared to the HC group. These AAs were also correlated with thyroid hormones and antibodies. Five amino acid markers, namely, glycine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine, separated/distinguished PTC0 patients from healthy subjects, and eight AA markers, the same AAs as above without arginine but with alanine, leucine, valine and histidine, separated/distinguished PTC1 patients from healthy subjects based on ROC analysis. Conclusion: Compared with the HCs, changes in AAs in PTC0 and PTC1 patients showed similar patterns, suggesting the possibility of a common pathophysiological basis, which confirms preliminary research that PTC is significantly associated with pathologically confirmed HT. We found two AAs, lysine and alanine, that can perform diagnostic functions in distinguishing PTC1 from PTC0.

The Epidermal Transcriptome Analysis of a Novel c.639_642dup LORICRIN Variant-Delineation of the Loricrin Keratoderma Pathology.

Loricrin keratoderma (LK) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by LORICRIN gene mutations. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood. So far, only 10 pathogenic variants in LORICRIN have been described, with all of them but one being deletions or insertions. The significance of rare nonsense variants remains unclear. Furthermore, no data regarding the RNA expression in affected patients are available. The aim of this study is to describe the two variants in the LORICRIN gene found in two distinct families: the novel pathogenic variant c.639_642dup and a rare c.10C > T (p.Gln4Ter) of unknown significance. We also present the results of the transcriptome analysis of the lesional loricrin keratoderma epidermis of a patient with c.639_642dup. We show that in the LK lesion, the genes associated with epidermis development and keratocyte differentiation are upregulated, while genes engaged in cell adhesion, differentiation developmental processes, ion homeostasis and transport, signaling and cell communication are downregulated. In the context of the p.Gln4Ter clinical significance evaluation, we provide data indicating that LORICRIN haploinsufficiency has no skin consequences. Our results give further insight into the pathogenesis of LK, which may have therapeutic implications in the future and important significance in the context of genetic counseling.

Serum fatty acid profiles in breast cancer patients following treatment.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism. The treatment of breast cancer can also affect serum lipid composition. The purpose of this study was the examination of serum fatty acids (FAs) profiles in breast cancer survivors to assess if the FA levels normalize. METHODS: Serum levels of FAs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a group of breast cancer patients at baseline (before treatment, n = 28), at two follow-up visits at 12 months (n = 27) and 24 months (n = 19) after the breast cancer resection, and in the group of healthy controls (n = 25). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess how FA serum profile changes following treatment. RESULTS: Breast cancer patients' serum FA profiles at follow-ups did not normalize to the levels of control group. The greatest differences were found for levels of branched-chain (BCFA), odd-chain (OCFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) FAs, all of which were significantly increased 12 months after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: After treatment for breast cancer, the patients' serum FA profile differs from the profile before treatment and from controls, especially 12 months after treatment. Some changes may be beneficial - increased BCFA and OCFA levels, and improved n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. This may reflect lifestyle changes in breast cancer survivors and have an impact on the risk of recurrence.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids-A Product of the Microbiome and Its Participation in Two-Way Communication on the Microbiome-Host Mammal Line.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review aims to describe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolites of bacteria, their complex influence on whole-body metabolism, and alterations in the SCFA profile in obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS). RECENT FINDINGS: The fecal profile of SCFAs in obese patients differs from that of lean patients, as well as their gut microbiota composition. In obese patients, a lower diversity of bacteria is observed, as well as higher concentrations of SCFAs in stool samples. Obesity is now considered a global epidemic and bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. BS affects the structure and functioning of the digestive system, and also alters gut microbiota and the concentration of fecal SCFAs. Generally, after BS, SCFA levels are lower but levels of branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) are elevated, the effect of which is not fully understood. Moreover, changes in the profile of circulating SCFAs are little known and this is an area for further research. Obesity seems to be inherently associated with changes in the SCFA profile. It is necessary to better understand the impact of BS on microbiota and the metabolome in both feces and blood as only a small percentage of SCFAs are excreted. Further research may allow the development of a personalized therapeutic approach to the BS patient in terms of diet and prebiotic intervention.

Monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids: Health effects and biological mechanisms.

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are a group of lipids that are widely present in various organisms; they take part in numerous biochemical processes and affect multiple signaling pathways. However, BCFA are not well explored in terms of their effects on human health. Recently, they have been gaining interest, especially in relation to various human diseases. This review describes the occurrence of BCFA, their dietary sources, their potential health effects, and the current state of knowledge concerning their mechanism(s) of action. Many studies have been conducted so far in cellular and animal models, which reveal potent anti-cancer, lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. Research in humans is scarce. Therefore, further studies on animals and humans should be performed to confirm and expand these findings, and improve our understanding of the potential relevance of BCFA to human health and disease.

Hepatic and serum branched-chain fatty acid profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: Alterations in the hepatic lipidome are a crucial factor involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and hepatic profile of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in patients with different stages of NAFLD. METHODS: This was a case-control study performed in 27 patients without NAFLD, 49 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 17 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by liver biopsies. Serum and hepatic levels of BCFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hepatic expression of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of BCFAs was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: A significant increase in hepatic BCFAs was found in subjects with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD; no differences were observed in serum BCFAs between study groups. Trimethyl BCFAs, iso-BCFAs, and anteiso-BCFAs were increased in subjects with NAFLD (either nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) compared with those without NAFLD. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between hepatic BCFAs and the histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD, as well as other histological and biochemical parameters related to this disease. Gene expression analysis in liver showed that the mRNA levels of BCAT1, BCAT2, and BCKDHA were upregulated in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the increased production of liver BCFAs might be related to NAFLD development and progression.

Increased Amount of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Intestinal Contents of Patients with Morbid Obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis that translates into altered intestinal and blood metabolite profiles. The long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) may be absorbed in the intestine, but until now, their composition in intestinal contents of patients with obesity has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to verify whether obesity is related to any changes in fecal LCFA content and whether intestinal LCFA content may be associated with the health status of patients with obesity. METHODS: The fatty acid composition has been studied in stool samples obtained from 26 patients with morbid obesity and 25 lean subjects by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dietary habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6). RESULTS: Our results show for the first time that lean subjects and patients with obesity differ in their stool LCFA profiles. The levels of most n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs were significantly higher in fecal samples from people with obesity than in those from lean controls. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current knowledge, we have defined three hypotheses that may explain proving the cause-and-effect relationships observed differences in fecal LCFA profiles between patients with obesity and lean subjects. They may be related to alterations in fat digestion and/or LCFA absorption and diet. However, proving the cause-and-effect relationships requires further research.

Associations between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids Content and Mortality in Dialysis Patients.

Background: Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis population remains very high. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) contribute to atherosclerosis and to cardiovascular risk. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mortality in dialysis patients and the serum SFA content. Methods: Survival of 54 patients on dialysis was assessed. A total of 21 SFA from patients' sera were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. The SFA content is presented as fatty acid proportion (%). Results: During the observation time (median 66 months) 22 patients died. There was a significant relationship between elevated SFA (above SFA mean) and mortality (log-rank 3.13; p = 0.0017). Moreover, patients who ingested foods rich in SFA, according to FFQ-6, had a higher mortality risk (log-rank 2.24; p = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality associated with increased SFA content equalled 4.47 (1.63−12.26). Addition of age and inflammation (hsCRP > 5 mg/L) into the Cox model did not modify this relationship. However, SFA content turned out to be significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, as compared to patients free from these co-morbidities. Their addition to the model attenuated the relationship between SFA and mortality, making it statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The serum content of SFA turned out to be a strong predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. However, given the significant associations between SFA, DM, and CVD, interventional studies with controlled SFA intake are needed to evaluate the causal links between SFA, co-morbidities and survival.

Fatty acid profiles in various lipid fractions in the female epidermis. Does the body site and age matter?

BACKGROUND: The epidermis forms the barrier between an organism and its external environment. Although one of the major functional elements of the epidermis is the lipid-enriched extracellular matrix, containing mainly ceramides, cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids, the data are limited regarding the lipid profile in the epidermis. The aim of the study was to determine the whole profile of fatty acids (FAs) in the epidermis and to examine any dependence according to the age of the subject and the site on the epidermis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidermis extracts obtained from 10 adults and 6 children were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In total, 74 FAs in the human epidermis were identified. We observed the highest amounts of neutral lipids (including CHOL) compared to other lipid fractions in the epidermis, regardless of age. However, we detected an age-dependent content of the major lipid fractions, where the main difference was in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. There were also differences in the lipid profile between various sites of the body, e.g. samples from the breast and abdomen were enriched with very long-chain fatty acids compared to the limb. CONCLUSION: Our research provides novel data concerning the lipid profile in the epidermis, gives further insight into skin biology and proves that the epidermis is a highly dynamic structure.

Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Alter the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Inflammation in Human Adipose Cells.

Recently, we have demonstrated a decreased level of iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) in patients with excessive weight. However, it is still unclear whether BCFAs may influence lipid metabolism and inflammation in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, human visceral adipocytes were cultured with three different concentrations of selected iso-BCFA (14-methylpentadecanoic acid) and anteiso-BCFA (12-methyltetradecanoic acid), and then the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (FASN-fatty acid synthase; SREBP1-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; SCD1-stearoyl-CoA desaturase; ELOVL4-fatty acid elongase 4; ELOVL6-fatty acid elongase 6; FADS2-fatty acid desaturase 2; FADS1-fatty acid desaturase 1) and inflammation (COX-2-cyclooxygenase 2; ALOX-15-lipoxygenase 15; IL-6-interleukin 6) were determined. This study demonstrates for the first time that incubation with iso-BCFA decreases the expression of adipocyte genes that are associated with lipid metabolism (except FASN) and inflammation. These findings suggest that changes in the iso-BCFA profile in obese patients may contribute to adipose inflammation and dyslipidemia. Further studies should evaluate whether iso-BCFA supplementation in obese patients would be beneficial.

Bariatric Surgery Induced Changes in Blood Cholesterol Are Modulated by Vitamin D Status.

The effect of metabolically active bariatric surgery treatment on lipid metabolism is inconclusive. The authors of this study presume that initial vitamin D status may play a regulating role in influencing the beneficial post-effects of bariatric surgery, especially the lipid profile. The biochemical data obtained from 24 patients who had undergone laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) at baseline, 3 months before the surgery, at the time of surgery, and 6 months later, demonstrate that vitamin D status influenced the postoperative lipid profile. The baseline established the partition line which divided patients into two groups according to the stated calcidiol initial concentration level of 32 ng/mL. The data shows that OAGB induces a decrease in TG and hsCRP while increasing HDL. Conversely, in patients whose 25(OH)D3 was below 32 ng/mL TC significantly increased while those above this concentration remained in the normal physiological range. The changes induced by OAGB in TG, glucose, and hsCRP were similar in both groups. Unexpectedly, the surgery did not affect vitamin D metabolites. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that a higher concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 may enhance the protective effects of OAGB.