Steroid hormones in the development of postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression affects 10-15 % women after childbirth. There is no currently generally accepted theory about the causes and mechanisms of postpartum mental disorders. The principal hypothesis concerns the association with sudden changes in the production of hormones affecting the nervous system of the mother and, on the other hand, with the ability of receptor systems to adapt to these changes. We observed changes in steroidogenesis in the period around spontaneous delivery. We collected three samples of maternal blood. The first sampling was 4 weeks prior to term; the second sampling was after the onset of uterine contractions (the beginning of spontaneous labour); the third sampling was during the third stage of labour (immediately after childbirth). Additionally, we collected mixed umbilical cord blood. The almost complete steroid metabolome was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by RIA for some steroids. Mental changes in women in the peripartum period were observed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The local Ethics Committee approved the study. We found already the changes in androgens levels correlating with postpartum mood disorders four weeks prior to childbirth. The strongest correlations between steroid and postpartum mood change were found in venous blood samples collected from mothers after childbirth and from umbilical cord blood. The main role played testosterone, possibly of maternal origin, and estrogens originating from the fetal compartment. These results suggest that changes in both maternal and fetal steroidogenesis are involved in the development of mental changes in the postpartum period. Descriptions of changes in steroidogenesis in relation to postpartum depression could help clarify the causes of this disease, and changes in some steroid hormones are a promising marker of mental changes in the postpartum period.

[Atypical pain in the uterine rupture]. / Netypická bolest pri rupture delozní

OBJECTIVE: To give attention to the rare complication of pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report. SETTINGS: Dept. of Obstetric and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital Prague. METHODS: Description of acute abdominal pain which imitated the appendicitis in case of the uterine rupture. CONCLUSION: The uterine rupture is the rare and very dangerous complication of pregnancy. In the time of increasing number of the cesarean section and the operation on the uterine wall, we must thing on the uterine rupture.

Nonspecific elicitation of defense reaction in suspension tobacco cells by elicitors from Armillaria.

Ergosterol and chitin oligomers were detected in water extracts from Armillaria gallica, A. cepistipes, A. tabescens, A. ostoyae and A. mellea containing as active components elicitors able to trigger early events of defense reaction in suspension tobacco cells. More virulent strains of A. ostoyae and A. mellea had the same ability of elicitation as weak pathogens A. gallica, A. cepistipes, A. tabescens. The elicitation of the defense reaction early events by chitin oligomers was markedly enhanced by ergosterol probably due to the activation of several signal pathways.