[Clinical effectiveness and safety of citalopram in patients with depression after myocardial infarction]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' i bezopasnost' tsitaloprama u bol'nykh s depressiei posle perenesennogo infarkta miokarda.

Citalopram (20 mg/day for 42 days) was given to 20 patients (mean age 54.4+/-2.5 years) with depression after myocardial infarction. This was associated with substantial antidepressive effect (50% and more lowering of the total score of the Beck depression questionnaire) in 89% of patients, reduction of number and severity of somatic complaints, and improvement of parameters of quality of life. Citalopram did not affect blood pressure and according to Holter ECG monitoring data produced no arrhythmogenic or proischemic effects. Overall tolerability of citalopram was good however 21% of patients experienced slight drowsiness, dizziness or sweating.

[The effect of maximal and submaximal physical loads on alimentary dyslipidemia]. / Vliianie maksimal'noi i submaksimal'noi fizicheskikh nagruzok na alimentarnuiu dislipidemiiu.

Short-term maximal and long-term submaximal regimens of physical exercise had been assessed for effect on serum lipoproteins in healthy subjects, in preclinical coronary heart disease (CHD) sufferers and in manifest CHD patients having food fat-induced lipemia. Fat loading caused hypertriglyceridemia in all the examinees. In healthy subjects it was associated with a rise in apo AI, while in CHD patients with relevant fall. Maximal exercise in preexisting alimentary hyperlipidemia provoked elevation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, being atherogenic. Apo AI grew with a decrease in apo B/apo AI ratio in healthy subjects, in coronary patients apolipoprotein changes were of atherogenic origin. Prolonged submaximal exercise at the height of food lipemia resulted in lowering of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol along with elevation of HDL cholesterol and apo AI both in healthy and coronary subjects evidencing anti-atherogenicity. It is noted that the response of lipids and apolipoproteins to fat and physical exercise loads was similar in subclinical and manifest CHD patients.

[Monoclonal antibodies to insulin influencing its biological activity]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k insulinu, vliiaiushchie na ego biologicheskie aktivnost'.

Somatic hybridization was employed for obtaining 335 hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to insulin. Twelve hybridomas were cloned by a method of maximum dilutions, and specific immunoglobulins, secreted by them, were characterized by solid phase immunoenzyme assay. Monoclonal antibodies possessed different activity with relation to human, porcine and cattle insulins, indicating their specificity to different epitopes on the insulin molecule. Antibodies of IN-2 and IN-3 clones were capable of inhibiting insulin biological activity in vivo. In experiments on rabbits antibodies of IN-2 clone decreased a 3-fold insulin hypoglycemic action, and antibodies of IN-3 clone caused an increase in the life span of mice after administration of insulin at high doses to them.

[Prognosis of the outcome of myocardial infarction by using early dynamic exercise tests]. / Prognozirovanie iskhoda infarkta miokarda s ispol'zovaniem rannikh prob s dinamicheskoi nagruzkoi.

A total of 158 males with a history of myocardial infarction were examined. The examination involved collection of information on their histories, course of the disease and symptoms in the hospital period and early (mean, on day 13) bicycle ergometric exercise tests. A multifactorial analysis made it possible to derive the decision rule to predict the condition of a patient within the first year following the onset of myocardial infarction, which involved prognostically unfavorable history data, such as disability prior to myocardial infarction, alcohol usage, exertional anginal hospital-stage parameters, such as bradycardia, premature contraction, circulatory failure, nodal rhythm, as well as 1 mm or more of ST-segment elevation during the early bicycle ergometric exercise test. The sensitivity of the predictive rule developed was 88.5%, its specificity was 78.5%. The study shows that it is impossible to successfully solve the problem in attempting to predict the outcome from some parameters, including the bicycle ergometric test findings. It is possible to do so only when the complex of data on a patient is taken into account.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the Karelian fever virus. The characteristics of their biological properties]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k virusu karel'skoi likhoradki. Kharakteristika biologicheskikh svoistv.

Biological properties of 6 variants of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to Karelian fever virus, a member of the alpha-virus serocomplex Sindbis-WEE, produced by the available hybridomas. The productivity of hybridomas of the "Karel" series in tissue culture and in cultivation as ascitic fluid was evaluated. Among the antibodies analysed, all were specific to envelope proteins, of them 2 were against protein E2 and four against protein E1. Comparison of MCA biologic activity (neutralizing, antihemagglutinating activities, participation in immunofluorescence, EIA, and immune blotting) allows one to distinguish four different hybridomas among them producing specific antibodies differing in their properties.

[The prognosis of fatal outcome in the late period after myocardial infarct]. / Prognozirovanie letal'nykh iskhodov v otdalennom periode posle infarkta miokarda.

A method for life prediction within 2 nearest years after myocardial infarction has been designed. For this purpose altogether 922 men who suffered myocardial infarction were examined. The examination included collection of the disease history data, delineation of the characteristics of the patient's status 6 weeks after M1, and performance during that period of the standard bicycle ergometry test. The deciding rule of prediction has been developed. The rule is based on the mathematic discrimination and the use of the so-called "sign blocks" including not only the clinically significant signs such as myocardial infarction in the anamnesis, disability before MI, the signs of heart failure and the grave functional class 6 weeks after MI but also little significant signs (left ventricle hypertrophy, the mean exercise tolerance (up to 600 kgm/min), and so forth), which acquire the prognostic weight when combined with other signs. This deciding rule of prediction with the use of exclusively accessible information turned out to be reliable during work, making it possible to stratify the patients into groups with the practically 100-percent survival up to the high risk of lethality exceeding the mean death rate 4-5-fold. The rule can be applied to public health practices during the use of the "sign blocks" tables.

[Monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens induced by a vaccinal strain of yellow fever]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k flavivirusnym antigenam, indutsirovannye vaktsinnym shtammom zheltoi likhoradki.

Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) YEL-2 induced by the vaccine FNS Dakar yellow fever (YF) virus were characterized for their capacity to enter into serological reactions and to react with heterologous flaviviruses. YEL-2 MABs belong to the IgG2a class of immunoglobulins, possess the antihemagglutination properties, are active in indirect IF test but do not activate complement and have no neutralizing properties. The inability to enter into CFT in the presence of antihemagglutinating properties suggests that YEL-2 MABs are directed for the structural E glycoprotein. YEL-2 MABs reacted similarly with the vaccine 17D strain and the FNS Dakar strain by which they had been induced. In addition to YF virus, YEL-2 MABs reacted with Tyuleniy, Rosio, Ilhéus, Uganda S, Karshi, and Sokuluk viruses, the reaction with Tyuleniy virus reaching the same titer as with the homologous virus but was of one-way nature. No reaction of YEL-2 MABs was observed with the viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Dengue 2 and 4 viruses. These results specify the antigenic classification of flaviviruses.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the yellow fever virus]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k virusu zheltoi likhoradki.

A highly technological Yel-2 hybrid cell clone was isolated. The clone produces monoclonal antibodies to protein E of the yellow fever virus (Dakar strain). The Yel-2 hybridoma was cloned by the method of limiting dilutions. By the data of indirect immunofluorescence the titre of the specific antibodies reached 1:128 in the culture fluid and 1:10240 in the ascitic fluid. The Yel-2 antibodies had no cross reactions with forest-spring encephalitis, Dengue 2 and Dengue 4 viruses. In the hemagglutination inhibition test the activity of the Yel-2 ascitic preparations was observed at a dilution of 1:50000 while the complement fixation test did not reveal it. Administration of the Yel-2 cells into the abdominal cavity of mice BALB/c induced development of ascitic tumors in 97 per cent of pristane-sensitized mice and in 90 per cent of nonsensitized mice. The hybridoma was successfully transplanted from mouse to mouse (more than 20 passages during the observation period) and maintained high constant levels of specific antibody secretion. The high ascite forming capacity of the Yel-2 hybridoma provided decreasing of the cell dose administered to the mice from 10(7) to 10(4) cells per mouse.

[Prognostic significance of the results of a physical loading test in myocardial infarct patients]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie rezul'tatov proby s fizicheskoi nagruzkoi u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

The predictive value of clinical, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes in response to an exercise test was assessed with respect to the probability of fatal outcome within 2 years after myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 421 male MI patients were studied; their age averaged 49 +/- 7.7 years. Exercise tests (bicycle ergometry) were carried out 6 to 12 weeks after MI in 364 (86.4%) patients; they were contraindicated to 57 (13.6%) patients. Within 2 postinfarction years, 19 (5.0%) patients died of coronary heart disease in the tested group, and 5 (8.7%) died in the group where the tests were contraindicated. Poor prognosis was associated with low exercise threshold (450 kgm/min for 2 min or less) and horizontal or slanting ST depression. The presence of medical contraindications to exercise tests is as significant with respect to mortality as the low exercise threshold (450 kgm/min for not more than 2 min).

Preparation and characterization of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Monoclonal antibodies (MA) were prepared to two strains of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus: strain 4072 isolated from a patient in the U.S.S.R. and low-pathogenic for mice strain Skalica, isolated from a bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Slovakia. MA specific to the 4072 and Skalica strains were produced by hybridomas of the KEN (60 clones) and NEK (65 clones) series, respectively. Chromosomal analysis of MA producing 114 hybridoma clones of both series revealed a great variability in the number of chromosomes either in the range of given clones or between individual clones. The hybridoma cells under study possessed a high degree of transformation manifested by good growth in the mouse peritoneal cavity and marked accumulation in ascitic fluid (AF).

Two kinds of monoclonal antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Two types of monoclonal antibodies (MA) of the KEN and NEK series prepared to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus differed in the spectrum of their reactivity in serological tests and in their ability to react with individual representatives of the TBE virus complex. The KEN series MA were induced to the 4072 strain isolated from the blood of a patient in the U.S.S.R. The NEK series MA were prepared to the Skalica strain isolated from a bank vole in Czechoslovakia. Both groups of MA belonged to IgG class, reacted in immunofluorescence (IF) test, but possessed no haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) activity. MA of the NEK series reacted in the IF and complement fixation (CF) tests with all members of the TBE virus complex, except of the Powassan virus. MA of the KEN series had no CF activity and in the IF test, they did not react with Powassan and Langat TP-21 viruses and with the Skalica strain of TBE virus.

[Hybridoma cloning by the end-point dilution method]. / Klonirovanie gibridom metodom predel'nykh razvedenii.

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and vaccinia viruses were cloned and recloned by the end-point dilution method in 96-well Linbro plates on a cell feeder layer. With decreasing of the cell seed dose the average number of clones per well decreased and the effectiveness of clone production increased. When an average of one cell per well was introduced, the portion of vells with single clones for hybridomas of various origins ranged from 5.4% to 37.5%. As a rule, the first cloning resulted in a significant rise in titres of monospecific immunoglobulins secreted by hybridomas and improved growth characteristics of the hybrid cell population. Repeated cloning required in most cases for stability of the hybrid line was usually not accompanied by changes in the productivity of the cell cultures.

[Effect of complex rehabilitation by stages on the physical work capacity of myocardial infarct patients]. / Vliianie kompleksnoi poétapnoi reabilitatsii na fizicheskuiu rabotosposobnost' bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

The authors examined 233 patients after myocardial infarction. The principal and control groups were formed at random. The principal group was composed of patients who had undergone complex stage-by-stage rehabilitation. The changes in the working capacity were determined by the bicycle ergometry test. It was established that the values of physical working capacity were significantly higher in patients of the principal group than in patients of the control group. The effect of the rehabilitation program was different in various age groups. It was most favourable in patients over 45 years of age. A significant difference was also disclosed in the parameters of the physical working capacity depending on the character of psychological readaptation.

[Importance of tolerance to physical exercise in the study of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems after myocardial infarct]. / Znachenie tolerantnykh fizicheskikh nagruzok v izuchenii svertyvaiushchei i protivosvertyvaiushchei sistemy krovi u bol'nykh perenesshikh infarkt miokarda.

The results of dynamic studies of some indices of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems are presented for 130 male patients surviving myocardial infarction and examined during the first year after this development. Along with signs of hypercoagulation, a high activity of the anticoagulation system was noted throughout the period of observation. 90 patients were examined before and after a tolerance test (with threshold physical exercises on a bicycle) 3, 6 and 12 months following acute myocardial infarction. The physical exercises permitted to reveal the compensatory reserve of the anticoagulation system that manifests itself most clearly 6 months following the onset of the infarction.

[ECG changes during an attack of stenocardia caused by physical exertion]. / Izmeneniia EKG pri pristupe stenokardii, vyzvannoi fizicheskoi nagruzkoi

In 85 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease ECG changes appearing at the time of an attack of angina pectoris provoked by a physical effort were studied. An analysis of these changes helps substantiate an objective choice of criteria for stopping a physical load test in this category of patients. As shown by pertinent investigations there is good reason for broadening the criteria for cancelling the load test in persons with a manifest coronary incompetence. A complete scientific justification of criteria for cancelling tests involving physical efforts is possible through contrasting the described changes against coronarographic, clinical and catamnestic findings.