RESUMEN
This work presents a comprehensive, multi-analytical scientific approach for determining the type of lacquer and artistic materials used by Jean Dunand on his work "The Return of the Hunters" (1935). For this purpose, thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation - gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-GC/MS), optical microscopy (OM) in visible (Vis) and ultraviolet light (UV), and scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were selected. Furthermore, a novel application of micro attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (µATR-FTIR) spectroscopic mapping by univariate and multivariate analysis was applied for studying the complex lacquer paint stratigraphy. The results show that Vietnamese lacquer was used as a binder, mixed together with linseed oil and pine resins as additives in combination with inorganic pigments, and that shellac was included on the top of the paint; they document an important step in the story of the transfer of Vietnamese lacquer painting techniques to Europe.
RESUMEN
The study gives an overview of the tests and analyses undertaken in the past 20 years to establish the presence of blood in the foundation layers of Chinese lacquer artefacts and also shows the development of analytical methods over that period. When undertaking the conservation of lacquer objects it is crucial to know the type of binding medium as this influences the selection of any consolidants that may be required in the treatment. Microchemical tests to identify blood using benzidine and luminol, various chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques and DNA analyses were assessed on selected Chinese lacquer objects, and the results gained are summarized.