Validation of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire for Brazil - short version.

OBJECTIVES: to cross-culturally adapt the short version of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and test its psychometric properties. METHODS: the questionnaire was translated, adapted, and applied to a sample of 280 informal caregivers. The psychometric assessment was verified by estimating psychometric sensitivity and internal structure validity. RESULTS: inter-rater agreement was satisfactory among specialists. In the seven-factor model, item (Q9) of the domain "Perception of Efficacy and Control Mechanisms" showed a factor loading less than 0.40 (ʎ = 0.26), and an alternative six-factor model was evaluated. However, both models showed excellent fit indices, and it was decided to keep the seven-factor reference model. Reliability was satisfactory for the seven subscales (α > 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: the questionnaire was adapted and showed adequate psychometric indices in the Brazilian context in which it was evaluated, preserving its original essence.

Validation of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire for Brazil - short version / Validación del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Sobrecarga del Cuidador Informal de Brasil - versión corta / Validação do Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal para o Brasil - versão curta

ABSTRACT Objectives: to cross-culturally adapt the short version of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and test its psychometric properties. Methods: the questionnaire was translated, adapted, and applied to a sample of 280 informal caregivers. The psychometric assessment was verified by estimating psychometric sensitivity and internal structure validity. Results: inter-rater agreement was satisfactory among specialists. In the seven-factor model, item (Q9) of the domain "Perception of Efficacy and Control Mechanisms" showed a factor loading less than 0.40 (ʎ = 0.26), and an alternative six-factor model was evaluated. However, both models showed excellent fit indices, and it was decided to keep the seven-factor reference model. Reliability was satisfactory for the seven subscales (α > 0.70). Conclusions: the questionnaire was adapted and showed adequate psychometric indices in the Brazilian context in which it was evaluated, preserving its original essence.

RESUMEN Objetivos: adaptar transculturalmente la versión corta del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Sobrecarga del Cuidador Informal para cultura brasileña y probar sus propriedades psicométricas. Métodos: cuestionario traducido, adaptado y aplicado para 280 cuidadores informales. Evaluación psicométrica verificada por la estimativa de la sensibilidad psicométrica y validez de la estructura interna. Resultados: la concordancia interevaluadores fue satisfactoria entre los especialistas. En el modelo de siete factores, el ítem (Q9) del dominio "Percepción de los mecanismos de eficacia y control" presentó carga factorial menor que 0,40 (ʎ = 0,26), y un modelo alternativo de seis factores fue evaluado. Sin embargo, los dos modelos evidenciaron óptimos índices de ajustamiento, y se optó por mantener el modelo-referencia de siete factores. La confiabilidad se mostró satisfactoria para las siete subescalas (α > 0,70). Conclusiones: el cuestionario fue adaptado y demostró indicadores psicométricos satisfactorios en el contexto brasileño en que fue evaluado, preservando su esencia original.

RESUMO Objetivos: adaptar transculturalmente a versão curta do Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal para cultura brasileira e testar suas propriedades psicométricas. Métodos: o questionário foi traduzido, adaptado e aplicado em uma amostra de 280 cuidadores informais. A avaliação psicométrica foi verificada pela estimativa da sensibilidade psicométrica e validade da estrutura interna. Resultados: a concordância interavaliadores foi satisfatória entre os especialistas. No modelo de sete fatores, o item (Q9) do domínio "Percepção dos Mecanismos de Eficácia e Controle" apresentou carga fatorial menor do que 0,40 (ʎ = 0,26), e um modelo alternativo de seis fatores foi avaliado. No entanto, os dois modelos evidenciaram ótimos índices de ajustamento, e optou-se por manter o modelo-referência de sete fatores. A confiabilidade mostrou-se satisfatória para as sete subescalas (α > 0,70). Conclusões: o questionário foi adaptado e demonstrou índices psicométricos satisfatórios no contexto brasileiro em que foi avaliado, preservando sua essência original.

Psychometric properties evaluation of the Psychological Empowerment Instrument in a Brazilian context.

AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Psychological Empowerment Instrument among Brazilian nurses. BACKGROUND: The Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil is a structured questionnaire that aims to measure the psychological empowerment in the work environment. METHOD: A methodological study involving 219 nurses. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factor structure validity of the Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil. Model fit indices and saliences of factor loadings were assessed. The convergent validity was estimated using the average variance extracted and composite reliability. The correlational analysis was verified using the Spearman Correlation between the Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil and other specific tools. Discriminant validity, internal consistency, test-retest and floor/ceiling effects were also assessed. RESULTS: Factor structure indices of the second-order hierarchical model were [λ = 0.47-0.84; χ2 /df = 1.84, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06 (90% CI = 0.04-0.08)]. Model refinement was not required. All subscales presented suitable average variance extracted, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha, except the Impact subscale (0.39; composite reliability = 0.65, α = 0.63). All correlations between Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil and the other questionnaires were significant. CONCLUSION: Psychometric properties of the Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil were suitable when applied to Brazilian nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Psychological Empowerment Instrument-Brazil supports the evaluation of the empowerment level, as well as the applicability of the psychological empowerment in the work environment of Brazilian nurses.

[Obstacles to return to work: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire to the Brazilian context]. / Obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho: tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário para o contexto brasileiro.

The few existing questionnaires addressing return to work in Brazil are medical and/or psychological and do not examine work environment-related issues. The Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) is multidimensional, including biopsychosocial and environmental factors, and has proven useful in the return to work issue. The scope of this study is to describe the translation and cultural adaptation process of ORTWQ for use in the Brazilian context. It also discusses aspects related to work and the importance for health professionals to identify obstacles to return to work for occupational health vigilance. For the cultural adaptation process, there were five steps: translation, synthesis, back translation, evaluation by an expert committee and the pre-test process. Before the pre-test phase, the Content Validity Index was checked and was considered adequate when it was ≥ 0.8. The expression "increase working hours" was withdrawn from the questionnaire, since the partial returnto-work regime is rare in Brazil. The sample for the pre-test involved 40 individuals. The average time for completing ORTWQ was 14 minutes and the Brazilian version of ORTWQ proved to be adequate. Further studies should assess psychometric qualities of the questionnaire.

Os raros questionários existentes no Brasil que abordam retorno ao trabalho são físicos e/ou psicológicos e não abrangem questões relativas ao ambiente de trabalho. O Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) é multidimensional, inclui fatores biopsicossociais, ambientais e tem se mostrado útil como preditor de retorno ao trabalho. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a importância, para a Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador, de questionários que identificam os obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho, bem como traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o ORTWQ para uso no contexto brasileiro. Cinco etapas foram seguidas para a adaptação cultural: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Antes do pré-teste, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi verificado e considerado adequado quando ≥ 0,8. Foi retirado do questionário, o termo "aumentar as horas de trabalho", uma vez que o regime de retorno parcial ao trabalho é raro no Brasil. Participaram do pré-teste 40 sujeitos. A versão brasileira do ORTWQ mostrou-se adequada e o tempo médio para preenchimento foi de 14 minutos. Outros estudos devem avaliar as qualidades psicométricas desse questionário.

Obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho: tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário para o contexto brasileiro / Obstacles to return to work: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire to the Brazilian context

Resumo Os raros questionários existentes no Brasil que abordam retorno ao trabalho são físicos e/ou psicológicos e não abrangem questões relativas ao ambiente de trabalho. O Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) é multidimensional, inclui fatores biopsicossociais, ambientais e tem se mostrado útil como preditor de retorno ao trabalho. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a importância, para a Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador, de questionários que identificam os obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho, bem como traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o ORTWQ para uso no contexto brasileiro. Cinco etapas foram seguidas para a adaptação cultural: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Antes do pré-teste, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi verificado e considerado adequado quando ≥ 0,8. Foi retirado do questionário, o termo "aumentar as horas de trabalho", uma vez que o regime de retorno parcial ao trabalho é raro no Brasil. Participaram do pré-teste 40 sujeitos. A versão brasileira do ORTWQ mostrou-se adequada e o tempo médio para preenchimento foi de 14 minutos. Outros estudos devem avaliar as qualidades psicométricas desse questionário.

Abstract The few existing questionnaires addressing return to work in Brazil are medical and/or psychological and do not examine work environment-related issues. The Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) is multidimensional, including biopsychosocial and environmental factors, and has proven useful in the return to work issue. The scope of this study is to describe the translation and cultural adaptation process of ORTWQ for use in the Brazilian context. It also discusses aspects related to work and the importance for health professionals to identify obstacles to return to work for occupational health vigilance. For the cultural adaptation process, there were five steps: translation, synthesis, back translation, evaluation by an expert committee and the pre-test process. Before the pre-test phase, the Content Validity Index was checked and was considered adequate when it was ≥ 0.8. The expression "increase working hours" was withdrawn from the questionnaire, since the partial returnto-work regime is rare in Brazil. The sample for the pre-test involved 40 individuals. The average time for completing ORTWQ was 14 minutes and the Brazilian version of ORTWQ proved to be adequate. Further studies should assess psychometric qualities of the questionnaire.

[Health literacy: translation and validation of a research instrument on health promotion in Brazil]. / Literacia em saúde: tradução e validação de instrumento para pesquisa em promoção da saúde no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and test the psychometric performance of a questionnaire to assess health literacy. Brazilian university students (n = 472) with a mean age of 22.7 (5.3) years participated in the study. The validities of the factor, convergent, and discriminant structure were tested using structural equations analysis. The 4-factors model showed only fair results, but was nevertheless the most adequate in terms of factor validity and proved invariant in independent samples. Convergent validity was only adequate for the factor "Search for Health Information", while discriminant validity was adequate for the factors "Search for Information" and "Understanding Information". Internal consistency showed adequate results on all the items. The second-order hierarchical model, although not totally adequate, slowly slightly higher fit indices and thus allowed calculating an overall health literacy score considering each item's best weight.

Psychometric Properties of the Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire in a Brazilian context.

Purpose To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) among Brazilian workers on sick-leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factor structure validity of the ORTWQ. Model fit indices and salience of factor loadings were assessed. The convergent validity was estimated using the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR). The correlational analysis was verified using the Spearman Correlation between the ORTWQ and other specific tools. Discriminant Validity, internal consistency, stability (test-retest) and floor/ceiling effect were also assessed. Results A total of 301 participants completed the ORTWQ with a mean age of 45.0 (9.9) years. After refinement, the factor structure indexes of the oblique model were [χ2/df = 1.8; CFI = 0.9; TLI = 0.9; PGFI = 0.7; PCFI = 0.8; RMSEA = 0.05 (90% CI 0.05-0.06)]. Only Depression, Physical Workload and Perceived Prognosis subscales presented suitable AVE indices: 0.63, 0.51 and 0.52 respectively. The correlations between ORTWQ and the other questionnaires were appropriate for almost all subscales. Reliability evaluation showed adequate estimates for all subscales except for the Worry Due to Sick-Leave (CR = 0.45; α = 0.44; ICC = 0.69). A higher order hierarchical model is suggested, in order to estimate an overall score to ORTWQ in a Brazilian population. Conclusions The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the ORTWQ were evaluated and after refinement, the validity, reliability and floor/ceiling effects indexes were suitable when applied to a sample of Brazilian workers on sick-leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. However, the factor structure presented some issues regarding convergent and discriminant validity.

Literacia em saúde: tradução e validação de instrumento para pesquisa em promoção da saúde no Brasil / Health literacy: translation and validation of a research instrument on health promotion in Brazil / Cualificación en salud: traducción y validación de un instrumento para la investigación en la promoción de la salud en Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e testar o desempenho psicométrico de um questionário para avaliar a literacia em saúde. Estudantes universitários brasileiros (n = 472) com idade média de 22,7 (5,3) anos participaram do estudo. As validades da estrutura fatorial, convergente e discriminante foram testadas utilizando-se análise de equações estruturais. Mesmo apresentando resultados sofríveis, o modelo de 4-fatores foi o que se mostrou mais adequado quanto à validade fatorial e se manteve invariante em amostras independentes. A validade convergente foi adequada apenas para o fator "Busca de Informações em Saúde" e a validade discriminante foi adequada para os fatores "Busca de Informações" e "Entendimento das Informações". A consistência interna apresentou resultado adequado em relação à totalidade dos itens. O modelo hierárquico de segunda ordem, ainda que não seja totalmente adequado, apresentou índices de ajustamento levemente superiores, e desta forma permite o cálculo de uma pontuação geral sobre Literacia em saúde considerando o devido peso para cada item.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and test the psychometric performance of a questionnaire to assess health literacy. Brazilian university students (n = 472) with a mean age of 22.7 (5.3) years participated in the study. The validities of the factor, convergent, and discriminant structure were tested using structural equations analysis. The 4-factors model showed only fair results, but was nevertheless the most adequate in terms of factor validity and proved invariant in independent samples. Convergent validity was only adequate for the factor "Search for Health Information", while discriminant validity was adequate for the factors "Search for Information" and "Understanding Information". Internal consistency showed adequate results on all the items. The second-order hierarchical model, although not totally adequate, slowly slightly higher fit indices and thus allowed calculating an overall health literacy score considering each item's best weight.

Resumen: El objetivo del trabajo fue traducir, adaptar culturalmente y comprobar el desempeño psicométrico de un cuestionario para evaluar la cualificación en salud. Estudiantes universitarios brasileños (n = 472) con una edad media de 22,7 (5,3) años participaron en el estudio. Se probó la validez de las estructuras factorial, convergente y discriminante, utilizándose un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Incluso presentando pobres resultados, el modelo de 4-factores fue el que se mostró más adecuado en cuanto a la validez factorial y se mantuvo invariable en muestras independientes. La validez convergente fue adecuada solo para el factor "Búsqueda de Información en Salud", y la validez discriminante fue adecuada para los factores "Búsqueda de Información" y "Comprensión de la Información". La consistencia interna presentó un resultado adecuado en relación a la totalidad de los ítems. El modelo jerárquico de segundo orden, aunque no sea totalmente adecuado, presentó índices de ajuste levemente superiores, y, de esta forma, permite el cálculo de una puntuación general sobre cualificación en salud, considerando el debido peso para cada ítem.

Adaptação cultural de um instrumento para avaliar a satisfação no trabalho / Cultural adaptation of a job satisfaction assessment tool

Resumo Introdução: o trabalho ocupa um lugar importante na vida do indivíduo e, dependendo da forma como é organizado e executado, pode gerar satisfações ou insatisfações. O método mais utilizado para avaliar a satisfação no trabalho tem sido a aplicação de instrumentos de medida. Objetivo: realizar a adaptação cultural do instrumento Job Satisfaction Survey para utilização no contexto dos trabalhadores brasileiros. Método: o procedimento de adaptação cultural do instrumento constou das seguintes etapas: (1) Tradução independente por dois tradutores; (2) Síntese das traduções por um terceiro tradutor e especialistas; (3) Retrotradução por outros dois tradutores independentes; (4) Revisão por um comitê de especialistas; (5) Verificação do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo; (6) Pré-teste com trabalhadores de Enfermagem; (7) Adequações finais do instrumento. Resultados: foram obtidas as equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual entre a versão traduzida e a versão original e observou-se facilidade de entendimento e aceitação dos itens do questionário no contexto dos trabalhadores da Enfermagem. Conclusão: a análise do comitê de especialistas e o pré-teste demonstraram que os itens são pertinentes à cultura brasileira e avaliam a dimensão proposta pelo instrumento original.

Abstract Introduction: work plays an important role in people’s life and depending on its organization and execution it can generate satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The most widely used method to assess job satisfaction has been the application of measuring instruments. Objective: to perform the cultural adaptation of the Job Satisfaction Survey for use in the context of Brazilian’s workers. Method: the instrument cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: (1) Translation by two independent translators; (2) Proofreading by a third translator and specialists; (3) Back-translation by two independent translators; (4) Review by a committee review; (5) Verification of the Content Validity Index; (6) Pre-test with nursing personnel; (7) Latest adjustments. Results: semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalence between the translated version and the original version were obtained and it was observed ease of understanding and acceptance of the items of the questionnaire in the context of the nursing personnel. Conclusion: the analysis of the experts committee and the pre-test showed the items are relevant to Brazilian culture and to assess the scale proposed by the original instrument.

[Construction of measurement instruments in the area of health]. / Construção de instrumentos de medida na área da saúde.

Measurement instruments are an integral part of clinical practice, health evaluation and research. These instruments are only useful and able to present scientifically robust results when they are developed properly and have appropriate psychometric properties. Despite the significant increase of rating scales, the literature suggests that many of them have not been adequately developed and validated. The scope of this study was to conduct a narrative review on the process of developing new measurement instruments and to present some tools which can be used in some stages of the development process. The steps described were: I-The establishment of a conceptual framework, and the definition of the objectives of the instrument and the population involved; II-Development of the items and of the response scales; III-Selection and organization of the items and structuring of the instrument; IV-Content validity, V-Pre-test. This study also included a brief discussion on the evaluation of the psychometric properties due to their importance for the instruments to be accepted and acknowledged in both scientific and clinical environments.

Construção de instrumentos de medida na área da saúde / Construction of measurement instruments in the area of health

Instrumentos de medida são partes integrantes da prática clínica, da avaliação em saúde e de pesquisas. Esses instrumentos só são úteis e capazes de apresentar resultados cientificamente robustos quando são desenvolvidos de maneira apropriada e quando apresentam boas qualidades psicométricas. A literatura aponta que, apesar do aumento significativo no número de escalas de avaliação, muitas não têm sido desenvolvidas e validadas adequadamente. O presente estudo teve como objetivos realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre o processo de elaboração de novos instrumentos e apresentar algumas ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em algumas etapas do seu processo de desenvolvimento. As etapas descritas foram: I-Estabelecimento da estrutura conceitual e definição dos objetivos do instrumento e da população envolvida; II-Construção dos itens e das escalas de respostas; III-Seleção e organização dos itens e estruturação do instrumento; IV-Validade de conteúdo; e V-Pré-teste. Uma discussão breve sobre a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas foi incluída devido à importância que esta tem para que os instrumentos sejam aceitos e reconhecidos tanto no meio científico como no meio clínico.

Measurement instruments are an integral part of clinical practice, health evaluation and research. These instruments are only useful and able to present scientifically robust results when they are developed properly and have appropriate psychometric properties. Despite the significant increase of rating scales, the literature suggests that many of them have not been adequately developed and validated. The scope of this study was to conduct a narrative review on the process of developing new measurement instruments and to present some tools which can be used in some stages of the development process. The steps described were: I-The establishment of a conceptual framework, and the definition of the objectives of the instrument and the population involved; II-Development of the items and of the response scales; III-Selection and organization of the items and structuring of the instrument; IV-Content validity, V-Pre-test. This study also included a brief discussion on the evaluation of the psychometric properties due to their importance for the instruments to be accepted and acknowledged in both scientific and clinical environments.

[The perception of behavior related to mindfulness and the Brazilian version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory]. / A percepção de comportamentos relacionados à atenção plena e a versão brasileira do Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory.

Mindfulness is a practice and a form of consciousness which has been the basis for innovative interventions in care and health promotion. This study presents mindfulness, describes and discusses the process of cultural adaptation of The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) to Brazilian Portuguese. From the original version of this pioneering instrument for assessing mindfulness two translations and two back-translations were made. These were evaluated by a committee of 14 experts (Buddhists, linguists, health professionals), who helped to create two versions for the first pre-test, based on which suggestions were made by a sample of 41 people of the population through interviews. Considering the difficulties in understanding the concepts that are unfamiliar to the Brazilian culture, a new version was prepared with additional explanations, which underwent a further evaluation of the experts and a second pre-test with 72 people. This process aimed at addressing the limitations and challenges of evaluating mindfulness in a country of western culture through a self-report instrument based on Buddhist psychology. With appropriate levels of clarity and equivalence with the original instrument, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory adapted for Brazil is presented.

A percepção de comportamentos relacionados à atenção plena e a versão brasileira do Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory / The perception of behavior related to mindfulness and the Brazilian version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory

Mindfulness é uma prática e um modo de consciência que tem sido base para intervenções inovadoras no cuidado e promoção da saúde. Este estudo apresenta mindfulness , descreve e discute o processo de adaptação cultural do Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) realizado para a língua portuguesa no Brasil. Da versão original deste instrumento pioneiro para avaliação de mindfulness foram criadas duas traduções, uma síntese e duas retrotraduções. Estas foram avaliadas por um comitê de 14 especialistas (budistas, linguistas, profissionais da saúde), que ajudaram a criar duas versões para o primeiro pré-teste no qual, por meio de entrevistas, foram levantadas sugestões de uma amostra de 41 pessoas da população. Considerando as dificuldades no entendimento dos conceitos não familiares à cultura brasileira, elaborou-se uma nova versão com explanações adicionais, a qual passou por uma nova avaliação dos especialistas e segundo pré-teste com 72 pessoas. Este processo buscou responder às limitações e desafios de se avaliar mindfulness em um país de cultura ocidental por meio de um instrumento de autorrelato fundamentado na psicologia budista. Com adequados níveis de clareza e equivalência com o instrumento original apresenta-se o Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory adaptado para o Brasil.

Mindfulness is a practice and a form of consciousness which has been the basis for innovative interventions in care and health promotion. This study presents mindfulness, describes and discusses the process of cultural adaptation of The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) to Brazilian Portuguese. From the original version of this pioneering instrument for assessing mindfulness two translations and two back-translations were made. These were evaluated by a committee of 14 experts (Buddhists, linguists, health professionals), who helped to create two versions for the first pre-test, based on which suggestions were made by a sample of 41 people of the population through interviews. Considering the difficulties in understanding the concepts that are unfamiliar to the Brazilian culture, a new version was prepared with additional explanations, which underwent a further evaluation of the experts and a second pre-test with 72 people. This process aimed at addressing the limitations and challenges of evaluating mindfulness in a country of western culture through a self-report instrument based on Buddhist psychology. With appropriate levels of clarity and equivalence with the original instrument, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory adapted for Brazil is presented.

Upregulation of SOCS-1 by Nutlin-3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells but not in primary normal cells.

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that SOCS-1 plays an important role in the proper control of cytokine/growth factor responses and acts as a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemias. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of treatment with Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor of the MDM2/p53 interaction, on the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells and in myeloid cell lines with differential p53 status. METHOD: The expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR in myeloid p53wild-type (OCI and MOLM) and p53null HL-60, leukemic cell lines, in patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia blasts, and in primary normal cell types, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependence of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 upregulation that is induced by Nutlin-3 was analyzed in experiments performed using siRNA for p53, while the functional upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was analyzed by assessing the levels of phosphorylated STAT-3. RESULTS: Nutlin-3 significantly upregulated the transcription of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in p53wild-type OCI and MOLM but not in p53deleted p53null HL60, myeloid leukemic cell lines, as well as in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Conversely, and somewhat unexpectedly, Nutlin-3 did not modulate the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 expression in primary normal macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependent upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 by Nutlin-3 was associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated STAT-3, a major molecular target of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. CONCLUSION: Overall, our data suggest a potential role for the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 as a therapeutic target of Nutlin-3 in p53 wild-type acute myeloid leukemias.

Musculoskeletal symptoms and work ability among agricultural machinery operators.

Those subjects whose employment has physical demands present more frequently musculoskeletal symptoms than others. The agricultural sector activities include tasks with important physical demands that may have a negative impact in the workers health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and its association with work ability in agricultural machinery operators. It is a cross-sectional study. The participants (n = 204) answered a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, work and lifestyle characteristics, Work Ability Index and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire. The response rate was 89.78%. The mean age of the workers was 32.3 years, and 47.1% of them reported musculoskeletal symptoms at least one body part over the past 12 months. Those subjects who presented work ability index <37 points, 87.5% reported some kind of musculoskeletal symptom. This study showed that the work ability was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated to musculoskeletal symptoms presence. It is recommended that measures to promote and improve the work ability are designed and deployed based on musculoskeletal disorders prevention.

Produção nacional e acesso sobre enfermagem e doenças transmissíveis / National production and access on nursing and transmissible diseases

Este trabalho trata-se de um levantamento bibliográfico de 2004 ? 2008, dos bancos de dados Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e, Medline (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) no qual se buscou identificar as questões do acesso e da produção nacional da enfermagem com relação às doenças transmissíveis. Foram encontrados 389 trabalhos brasileiros, ao quais 354 foram excluídos por não apresentarem acesso aos textos completos, sendo considerados somente 35 artigos. Mesmo com avanços do conhecimento científico na área, poucos são os trabalhos nacionais de enfermagem relacionados às doenças transmissíveis, quanto ao acesso aos trabalhos, houve dificuldade em encontrá-los como textos completos na internet.

This is a bibliographical survey from the period of 2004 to 2008, the databases LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) and Medline (International Literature of Health) aimed to identify the issues of access, and national production of nursing related to transmissible diseases. It was found 389 works in Brazil, 354 were excluded for not allowing access to the full content of the text, so only 35 articles were considered. Even with scientific advances in the area, there are few national studies of nursing liaison regarding transmissible diseases, as access to the works done, it was difficulty to find their full content online.

Work capacity evaluation among nursing aides.

Work force aging generates the need to develop studied with the purpose to evaluate work capacity. The objective of this study was to analyze the work capacity of the nursing aides of a public health institute. A cross-sectional study was developed on the work capacity of these professionals regarding their demographic, work and lifestyle characteristics (n=241). A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed with inadequate work capacity (score below 37) as the dependent variable. There was an association with age (the eldest), work time at the institution (the oldest), body mass index (obesity) and item 1 of the work capacities index: present work capacity. This information can be used to create preventive measures and restore work capacity.

Work capacity evaluation among nursing aides / Avaliação da capacidade para o trabalho entre auxiliares de enfermagem / Evaluación de la capacidad para el trabajo entre auxiliares de enfermería

Work force aging generates the need to develop studied with the purpose to evaluate work capacity. The objective of this study was to analyze the work capacity of the nursing aides of a public health institute. A cross-sectional study was developed on the work capacity of these professionals regarding their demographic, work and lifestyle characteristics (n=241). A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed with inadequate work capacity (score below 37) as the dependent variable. There was an association with age (the eldest), work time at the institution (the oldest), body mass index (obesity) and item 1 of the work capacities index: present work capacity. This information can be used to create preventive measures and restore work capacity.

O envelhecimento da força de trabalho gera a necessidade de se desenvolver estudos a fim de avaliar a capacidade para o trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a capacidade para o trabalho de auxiliares de enfermagem de uma instituição pública de saúde. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal sobre capacidade para o trabalho desses profissionais em relação às características demográficas, de trabalho e estilo de vida (n=241). Uma análise de regressão logística univariada foi desenvolvida tendo a capacidade para o trabalho inadequada (menor que 37 pontos) como variável dependente. Foi encontrada associação em relação à idade (os mais velhos), ao tempo de trabalho na instituição (o mais antigo), o índice de massa corpórea (obesidade) e o item 1 do índice de capacidade para o trabalho: capacidade de trabalho atual. Essas informações podem ser utilizadas para medidas preventivas e para restaurar a capacidade para o trabalho.

El envejecimiento de la fuerza laborar genera la necesidad de desarrollar estudios que evalúen la capacidad para el trabajo. Este estudio objetivó analizar la capacidad para el trabajo de auxiliares de enfermería de una institución pública de salud. Se desarrolló estudio transversal sobre capacidad para el trabajo de auxiliares de enfermería en relación a características demográficas, laborales y estilo de vida (n=241). Fue efectuado un análisis de regresión logística univariada, teniendo la capacidad inadecuada para el trabajo (<37 puntos) como variable dependiente. Se encontró asociación relacionada a la edad (los mayores), al tiempo de trabajo en la institución (el más prolongado), al índice de masa corporal (obesidad); y el ítem del índice de capacidad para el trabajo, capacidad de trabajo actual. Estas informaciones pueden utilizarse para generar medidas preventivas y para restaurar capacidades laborales.