Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during corona virus disease 2019 epidemic (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Mazusdanxiacola (Mazaceae), a distinct new species endemic to Danxia landform in Jiangxi Province, eastern China.

Mazusdanxiacola, a new species endemic to Danxia landform in east Jiangxi Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated. The systematic placement of this new species was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosome ITS sequence, and its specific relationships within Mazus were discussed. Morphologically, the new species is clearly different from other Mazus species by having a series of uncommon traits, i.e., annual habit, without stolons and basal leaves, single, erect and unbranched stems, long petiolate leaves abaxially grayish green to silver gray, truncate to broadly cuneate leaf bases, racemes extremely elongated up to 35 cm long, white corolla, and palate densely covered by conspicuous clavate gland-like hairs. The new species is assigned to Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

The complete chloroplast genome of Phlomoides younghushandii (Lamiaceae), a traditional Tibetan medicinal herb.

The species Phlomoides younghushandii is a medicinal herb mainly distributed in southwest China. The first complete plastid genome sequence of P. younghushandii reported here was 151,747 bp long, with the large single copy (LSC) region of 83,181 bp, the small single copy (SSC) region of 17,372 bp and two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 25,597 bp. The plastome contained 114 genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, four encoding rRNAs, and 30 encoding tRNAs. The overall GC content was 38.5%. Phylogenetic analysis of Lamiaceae based on a whole plastome matrix suggested that Phlomoides is closely related to the genus Phlomis as members of subfamily Lamioideae.

An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics.

BACKGROUND: A robust molecular phylogeny is fundamental for developing a stable classification and providing a solid framework to understand patterns of diversification, historical biogeography, and character evolution. As the sixth largest angiosperm family, Lamiaceae, or the mint family, consitutes a major source of aromatic oil, wood, ornamentals, and culinary and medicinal herbs, making it an exceptionally important group ecologically, ethnobotanically, and floristically. The lack of a reliable phylogenetic framework for this family has thus far hindered broad-scale biogeographic studies and our comprehension of diversification. Although significant progress has been made towards clarifying Lamiaceae relationships during the past three decades, the resolution of a phylogenetic backbone at the tribal level has remained one of the greatest challenges due to limited availability of genetic data. RESULTS: We performed phylogenetic analyses of Lamiaceae to infer relationships at the tribal level using 79 protein-coding plastid genes from 175 accessions representing 170 taxa, 79 genera, and all 12 subfamilies. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded a more robust phylogenetic hypothesis relative to previous studies and supported the monophyly of all 12 subfamilies, and a classification for 22 tribes, three of which are newly recognized in this study. As a consequence, we propose an updated phylogenetically informed tribal classification for Lamiaceae that is supplemented with a detailed summary of taxonomic history, generic and species diversity, morphology, synapomorphies, and distribution for each subfamily and tribe. CONCLUSIONS: Increased taxon sampling conjoined with phylogenetic analyses based on plastome sequences has provided robust support at both deep and shallow nodes and offers new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among tribes and subfamilies of Lamiaceae. This robust phylogenetic backbone of Lamiaceae will serve as a framework for future studies on mint classification, biogeography, character evolution, and diversification.

Rediscovery of Mazus lanceifolius reveals a new genus and a new species in Mazaceae.

Mazus lanceifolius (Mazaceae) is a perennial herb with opposite leaves and endemic to central China that has not been collected for 130 years. Rediscovery of this enigmatic species in the wild allows for determination of its phylogenetic position within Mazaceae. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Mazaceae based on DNA sequences from four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosome ITS consistently showed that Mazus was not monophyletic. Mazus lanceifolius is in the most basal clade within Mazaceae, as sister to the remaining species of three recognized genera Dodartia, Lancea and Mazus. These results support the separation of M. lanceifolius from Mazus as a new genus, which was established here as Puchiumazus Bo Li, D.G. Zhang & C.L. Xiang. Meanwhile, a collection from Shennongjia Forestry District of Hubei Province, China, misidentified as "M. lanceifolius" in previous molecular study, is here revealed to represent an undescribed species of Mazus, i.e., M. fruticosus Bo Li, D.G. Zhang & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. Morphologically, Puchiumazus is clearly distinct from the other three genera by having quadrangular to somewhat ribbed stems, and obviously opposite leaves. In addition, we provide a taxonomic key to the four genera of Mazaceae.

Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae) in China II: population surveys reveal that P.guilinensis is conspecific to P.xinganensis.

Based on investigation of populations of Parnassiaguilinensis and P.xinganensis, examination of herbarium specimens (including types), as well as consultation of protologues and distributions, P.guilinensis is hereby reduced to a synonym of P.xinganensis. P.xinganensis is endemic to northeastern Guangxi Province of China and characterized by having elliptic to ovate leaves and staminodes 3-5-branched with globose glands. Field photographs and an updated morphological description of P.xinganensis are provided.

Premna vietnamensis (Lamiaceae, Premnoideae), a distinct new species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

Premna vietnamensis, a distinct new species which is endemic to Gia Lai Province in Central Highlands of Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its calyx tube bearing a semi-globose fleshy appendage, which has not been reported before from all known congeneric taxa, as well as from the Lamiaceae. A phylogenetic analysis of the whole Lamiaceae based on a sampling including representatives from all 12 currently recognized subfamilies confirmed the placement of this new species within Premna of the Premnoideae. Morphologically and geographically, P. vietnamensis is most similar to P. stenobotrys, but differs significantly in many aspects.

[B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia].

The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) gene is an important member of the Bcl-2 family, a type of protein that plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis. Bcl-2 does not change the rate of cell proliferation, but prolongs the life and increases the number of cells by counteracting a series of apoptosis. In the recent years, more and more evidence has shown a close correlation of the Bcl-2 gene with the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease whose mechanism is not yet fully understood but is drawing more and more attention towards the role of cell apoptosis.

[Longchang granule upregulates the expression of bax in the prostatic hyperplastic tissues of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Longchang Granule in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: Rat models of prostate hyperplasia were made by castration and testosterone propionate injection. After treated respectively with Longchang Granule and Longbishu by gastrogavage for 30 days, all the model rats were killed and their prostate glands harvested for the measurement of the wet weight and detection of the expression of bax in the prostatic hyperplastic tissues by RV 2-step method. RESULTS: The wet weight of the prostate was (0.61 +/- 0.03) g in the blank control group, (0.95 +/- 0.04) g in the model group, (0.73 +/- 0.02) g in the Longbishu group, (0.80 +/- 0.05) g in the low-dose Longchang group, (0.78 +/- 0.07) g in the medium-dose Longchang group and (0.68 +/- 0.03) g in the high-dose Longchang group, with significant differences between the model and the intervention groups (P < 0.05). The prostate indexes in the above groups were 0.143 +/- 0.006, 0.226 +/- 0.008, 0.172 +/- 0.004, 0.199 +/- 0.012, 0.181 +/- 0.010 and 0.168 +/- 0.003, respectively, and the expressions of bax by mean optical density were 0.226 +/- 0.010, 0.184 +/- 0.005, 0.206 +/- 0.015, 0.199 +/- 0.001, 0.202 +/- 0.003 and 0.211 +/- 0.003, respectively, both with significant differences between the model and the intervention groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Longchang Granule can effectively reduce the wet weight of the prostate and alleviate its pathological changes in BPH rats, the mechanism of which may be associated with its effect of upregulating the expression of bax and accelerating cell apoptosis in the prostate tissues.

Longchang granule upregulates the expression of bax in the prostatic hyperplastic tissues of rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of Longchang Granule in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models of prostate hyperplasia were made by castration and testosterone propionate injection. After treated respectively with Longchang Granule and Longbishu by gastrogavage for 30 days, all the model rats were killed and their prostate glands harvested for the measurement of the wet weight and detection of the expression of bax in the prostatic hyperplastic tissues by RV 2-step method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wet weight of the prostate was (0.61 +/- 0.03) g in the blank control group, (0.95 +/- 0.04) g in the model group, (0.73 +/- 0.02) g in the Longbishu group, (0.80 +/- 0.05) g in the low-dose Longchang group, (0.78 +/- 0.07) g in the medium-dose Longchang group and (0.68 +/- 0.03) g in the high-dose Longchang group, with significant differences between the model and the intervention groups (P < 0.05). The prostate indexes in the above groups were 0.143 +/- 0.006, 0.226 +/- 0.008, 0.172 +/- 0.004, 0.199 +/- 0.012, 0.181 +/- 0.010 and 0.168 +/- 0.003, respectively, and the expressions of bax by mean optical density were 0.226 +/- 0.010, 0.184 +/- 0.005, 0.206 +/- 0.015, 0.199 +/- 0.001, 0.202 +/- 0.003 and 0.211 +/- 0.003, respectively, both with significant differences between the model and the intervention groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Longchang Granule can effectively reduce the wet weight of the prostate and alleviate its pathological changes in BPH rats, the mechanism of which may be associated with its effect of upregulating the expression of bax and accelerating cell apoptosis in the prostate tissues.</p>

B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) gene is an important member of the Bcl-2 family, a type of protein that plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis. Bcl-2 does not change the rate of cell proliferation, but prolongs the life and increases the number of cells by counteracting a series of apoptosis. In the recent years, more and more evidence has shown a close correlation of the Bcl-2 gene with the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease whose mechanism is not yet fully understood but is drawing more and more attention towards the role of cell apoptosis.

[Spindle cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: report of one case].

Spindle cell carcinoma is a low-grade pleomorphic tumor. It is often found in soft tissues and rarely occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region. The lower lip, tongue and gum are the commonly involved sites, while very few occur in the maxillary sinus. The paper reported a case with spindle cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. The clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment were reviewed. Surgery is the mainstay for the treatment of this disease.