Depressive symptoms and associated factors among travestis and transsexuals: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: to estimate the prevalence of depressive levels and their associated factors among transvestite and transsexual individuals. METHODS: this cross-sectional study involved 58 participants assisted by non-governmental organizations. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to assess levels of depression, complemented by a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on experiences of violence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: a prevalence of 27.6% (95% CI = 11.50-39.10) for moderate to severe levels of depression was observed. This prevalence was associated with being unmarried (PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and experiencing violence in healthcare services (PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.10-4.81). CONCLUSIONS: the absence of a partner and experiences of violence in healthcare settings negatively impacted mental health, leading to an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Advocating for transgender rights and providing ongoing education in health care for professionals are critical strategies in promoting the mental health of this population.

Assessing Carbohydrate Counting Accuracy: Current Limitations and Future Directions.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disease with a high impact on global health, affecting millions of adults and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Achieving optimal blood glucose levels is crucial for diabetes management to prevent acute and long-term complications. Carbohydrate counting (CC) is widely used by patients with type 1 diabetes to adjust prandial insulin bolus doses based on estimated carbohydrate content, contributing to better glycemic control and improved quality of life. However, accurately estimating the carbohydrate content of meals remains challenging for patients, leading to errors in bolus insulin dosing. This review explores the current limitations and challenges in CC accuracy and emphasizes the importance of personalized educational programs to enhance patients' abilities in carbohydrate estimation. Existing tools for assessing patient learning outcomes in CC are discussed, highlighting the need for individualized approaches tailored to each patient's needs. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was conducted to identify educational programs and assessment tools dedicated to training diabetes patients on carbohydrate counting. The research aims to provide insights into the benefits and limitations of existing tools and identifies future research directions to advance personalized CC training approaches. By adopting a personalized approach to CC education and assessment, healthcare professionals can empower patients to achieve better glycemic control and improve diabetes management. Moreover, this review identifies potential avenues for future research, paving the way for advancements in personalized CC training and assessment approaches and further enhancing diabetes management strategies.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors among travestis and transsexuals: a cross-sectional study / Síntomas depresivos y factores asociados entre travestis y transexuales: estudio transversal / Sintomas depressivos e fatores associados entre travestis e transexuais: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of depressive levels and their associated factors among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 58 participants assisted by non-governmental organizations. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to assess levels of depression, complemented by a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on experiences of violence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: a prevalence of 27.6% (95% CI = 11.50-39.10) for moderate to severe levels of depression was observed. This prevalence was associated with being unmarried (PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and experiencing violence in healthcare services (PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.10-4.81). Conclusions: the absence of a partner and experiences of violence in healthcare settings negatively impacted mental health, leading to an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Advocating for transgender rights and providing ongoing education in health care for professionals are critical strategies in promoting the mental health of this population.

RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de niveles depresivos y factores asociados entre personas travestis y transexuales. Métodos: estudio transversal con 58 participantes asistidos por organizaciones no gubernamentales. Se utilizó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck para la evaluación de los niveles depresivos y un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de experiencias de violencia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: se observó una prevalencia del 27,6% (IC95%=11,50-39,10) de niveles depresivos moderados a graves, asociada al estado civil soltero (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,10-1,28) y a la violencia en los servicios de salud (RP=2,30; IC95%=1,10-4,81). Conclusiones: vivir sin pareja y experimentar violencias en los servicios de salud perjudicaron la salud mental y aumentaron la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos entre personas travestis y transexuales. La defensa de los derechos de las personas trans y la educación permanente en salud para los profesionales son estrategias esenciales para promover la salud mental de esta población.

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de níveis depressivos e fatores associados entre pessoas travestis e transexuais. Métodos: estudo transversal com 58 participantes assistidos por organizações não governamentais. Utilizou-se o Beck Depression Inventory para avaliação dos níveis depressivos e um questionário sociodemográfico e de experiências de violência. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: observou-se uma prevalência de 27,6% (IC95%=11,50-39,10) de níveis depressivos moderados a graves, associada ao estado civil solteiro (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,10-1,28) e à violência nos serviços de saúde (RP=2,30; IC95%=1,10-4,81). Conclusões: viver sem companheiro(a) e experienciar violências nos serviços de saúde prejudicaram a saúde mental e aumentaram a prevalência de sintomas depressivos entre pessoas travestis e transexuais. A defesa dos direitos de pessoas trans e a educação permanente em saúde para profissionais são estratégias essenciais para promover a saúde mental dessa população.

Distribución espacial de las hospitalizaciones por enfermedad isquémica del corazón en Chile: 2002-2020.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la distribución espacial y tendencia temporal de egresos hospitalarios asociados con enfermedad isquémica del corazón (IHD, por sus siglas en inglés) en Chile, para el periodo 2002-2020. Material y métodos. Estudio ecológico mixto. Se incluyeron casos de IHD >=18 años registrados en Chile entre 2002-2020. Representación cartográfica a nivel comunal según sexo y residencia. Se utilizó autocorrelación espacial aplicando I de Moran local univariado por sexo. Tendencia temporal se evaluó mediante el modelo segmentado de Poisson (JP). RESULTADOS: 434 061 casos totales. Se presentan tasas de hospitalización mínimas de 53 por cada 100 000 habitantes para sexo masculino y 32 por cada 100 000 habitantes para sexo femenino. Las tasas máximas determinadas corresponden a 638 por cada 100 000 habs. para sexo masculino y 364 por cada 100 000 habs. para sexo femenino. Las Comunas registran valores de I de Moran para hombres que tienden a dispersarse a medida que avanza el periodo analizado (0.247 a 0.334) y en el caso de las mujeres tienden a agruparse (0.244 a 0.223). Esta tendencia refleja comportamiento de aumento en los rangos etarios de 18 a 24 años y de 25 a 34 años para sexo femenino. Conclusión. Existe una transición de tasas bajas a altas durante periodo estudiado. Es posible agrupar comunas con valores altos en la zona Centro y Sur de Chile, y valores bajos en la zona Norte del país. La existencia de hospital, en promedio, afecta las tasas de utilización para ambos sexos.

Experiences of mothers with early weaning: a grounded theory.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences of mothers with early weaning. METHOD: Qualitative research with a theoretical-methodological contribution from Grounded Theory (Straussian perspective), carried out in the context of primary health care in a medium-sized municipality in the northeast of Brazil. 19 collaborators participated by theoretical sampling. Data collection took place between April and September 2018, with in-depth interviews, and was analyzed in three stages: open and axial coding, and integration. RESULTS: The central category "Women experiencing guilt and overload due to early weaning" was supported by three categories: a) conditions: "Showing the factors that limit breastfeeding"; b) actions/interactions: "Trying to balance motherhood and work during breastfeeding" and "Insufficient social support to keep exclusive breastfeeding"; and c) consequences: "Introducing formula and complementary foods before six months" and "Blaming oneself for the early weaning". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The theoretical model can give support to managers and health professionals to advocate for longer maternity leaves and confront gender disparities and inequities, professional performance with conflicts of interest, and abusive marketing regarding the use of formula.

In Silico Validation of Personalized Safe Intervals for Carbohydrate Counting Errors.

For patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), accurate carbohydrate counting (CC) is essential for successful blood glucose regulation. Unfortunately, mistakes are common and may lead to an incorrect dosage of prandial insulin. In this work, we aim to demonstrate that each person has their own limits for CC errors, which can be computed using patient-specific data. To validate the proposed method, we tested it using several scenarios to investigate the effect of different CC errors on postprandial blood glucose. Virtual subjects from the T1DM Simulator were used in a clinical trial involving 450 meals over 90 days, all following the same daily meal plan but with different intervals for CC errors near, below, and above the limit computed for each patient. The results show that CC errors within personalized limits led to acceptable postprandial glycemic fluctuations. In contrast, experiments where 50% and 97.5% of the meals present a CC error outside the computed safe interval revealed a pronounced degradation of the time in range. Given these results, we consider the proposed method for obtaining personalized limits for CC errors an excellent starting point for an initial assessment of patients' capabilities in CC and to provide appropriate ongoing education.

Determinants of socioeconomic factors for quality of life and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older people: A cross-sectional study in Brazil and Portugal.

Our aim was to analyze the association between socioeconomic status and quality of life (QoL) among older people with depressive symptoms treated through the Primary Health Care (PHC) system in Brazil and Portugal. This was a comparative cross-sectional study with a nonprobability sample of older people in the PHC in Brazil and Portugal conducted between 2017 and 2018. To evaluate the variables of interest, the socioeconomic data questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey were used. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to test the study hypothesis. The sample consisted of n = 150 participants (Brazil n = 100 and Portugal n = 50). There was a predominance of woman (76.0%, p = 0.224) and individuals between 65 and 80 years (88.0%, p = 0.594). The multivariate association analysis showed that in the presence of depressive symptoms, the QoL mental health domain was most associated with the socioeconomic variables. Among the prominent variables, woman group (p = 0.027), age group 65-80 years (p = 0.042), marital status "without a partner" (p = 0.029), education up to 5 years (p = 0.011) and earning up to 1 minimum wage (p = 0.037) exhibited higher scores among brazilian participants. The portuguese participants showed an association between the general health status domain and woman group (p = 0.042) and education up to 5 years (p = 0.045). The physical functioning domain was associated with income of up to 1 minimum wage (p = 0.037). In these domains, the portuguese participants exhibited higher scores than the brazilian participants. We verified the association between socioeconomic profile and QoL in the presence of depressive symptoms, which occurred mainly among woman, participants with low levels of education and low income, with QoL aspects related to mental, physical and social health and self-perceived health. The group from Brazil had higher QoL scores than the group from Portugal.

Effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest for nursing students / Eficacia de la telesimulación del paro cardiorrespiratorio para los estudiantes de enfermería / Eficácia da telessimulação sobre parada cardiorrespiratória para estudantes de enfermagem

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest to improve the performance of nursing students.Methods. This was an experimentalstudy, whose sample consisted of 30 undergraduate nursing students from a Brazilian university. It was structured from two groups: an experimental (n=15) and a control (n=15). For both groups, expository classes and skills training were held. For the experimental group, a virtual clinical simulation scenario was implemented. Before the beginning of the interventions, a pre-test was applied and, after the end of this, a post-test was applied to evaluate the students' gain of knowledge and skills. Results: From the analysis of the total correct answers and the scores obtained in the pre-test and post-test, it was found that there was an improvement in the performance of both study groups. Regarding the averages of the points obtained, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.001).The post-test score was significantly higher than the pre-test score in the intervention group (p=0.001).Conclusion. The virtual scenario developed proved to be superior in improving the performance of nursing students in managing cardiorespiratory arrest when compared to traditional teaching methods.

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de la telesimulación del paro cardiorrespiratorio para mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos. Estudio experimental cuya muestra consistió en 30 estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería de una universidad brasileña asignados a uno de dos grupos: uno experimental (n=15) y otro control (n=15). Para ambos grupos se realizaron clases expositivas y entrenamiento en habilidades. Para el grupo experimental se implementó un escenario de simulación clínica virtual. Antes del inicio de las intervenciones se aplicó un pre-test y, tras el final de la intervención, un post-test para evaluar la ganancia de conocimientos y habilidades por parte de los alumnos. Resultados. A partir del análisis del número total de respuestas correctas y de los puntajes obtenidos en el pre-test y en el post-test se encontró que hubo mejoría en el desempeño de ambos grupos de estudio. En cuanto al puntaje promedio obtenido hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos (p=0.001). La puntuación post-test fue significativamente mayor que la puntuación pre-test en el grupo de intervención (p=0.001). Conclusión. El escenario virtual desarrollado demostró ser superior en la mejoría del rendimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería que se enfrentan a una parada cardiorrespiratoria, en comparación con los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales.

Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade da telesimulação sobre parada cardiorrespiratória para a melhora do desempenho de estudantes de enfermagem.Métodos. Tratou-se de umestudo experimental, cuja amostra foi composta por 30 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade brasileira. Foi estruturado a partir de dois grupos: um experimental (n=15) e um controle (n=15). Para ambos os grupos, foram realizadas aulas expositivas e treino de habilidades. Para o grupo experimental foi implementado um cenário virtual de simulação clínica. Antes do início das intervenções, aplicou-se um pré-teste e, após o término desta, aplicou-se um pós-teste para avaliar o ganho de conhecimentos e habilidades por parte dos estudantes. Resultados. A partir da análise do total de acertos e das notas obtidas no pré-teste e no pós-teste, constatou-se que houve melhora no desempenho de ambos os grupos de estudo. Referente às médias dos pontos obtidos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p=0.001).A nota do pós-teste foi significativamente maior que a nota do pré-teste no grupo intervenção (p=0.001).Conclusão. O cenário virtual desenvolvido mostrou-se superior, na melhoria do desempenho de estudantes de enfermagem frente à parada cardiorrespiratória, em comparação aos métodos de ensino tradicionais.

Experiences of mothers with early weaning: a grounded theory / Experiencias de madres en el destete temprano: teoría fundamentada em los datos / Vivências de mães no desmame precoce: uma teoria fundamentada nos dados

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences of mothers with early weaning. Method: Qualitative research with a theoretical-methodological contribution from Grounded Theory (Straussian perspective), carried out in the context of primary health care in a medium-sized municipality in the northeast of Brazil. 19 collaborators participated by theoretical sampling. Data collection took place between April and September 2018, with in-depth interviews, and was analyzed in three stages: open and axial coding, and integration. Results: The central category "Women experiencing guilt and overload due to early weaning" was supported by three categories: a) conditions: "Showing the factors that limit breastfeeding"; b) actions/interactions: "Trying to balance motherhood and work during breastfeeding" and "Insufficient social support to keep exclusive breastfeeding"; and c) consequences: "Introducing formula and complementary foods before six months" and "Blaming oneself for the early weaning". Final considerations: The theoretical model can give support to managers and health professionals to advocate for longer maternity leaves and confront gender disparities and inequities, professional performance with conflicts of interest, and abusive marketing regarding the use of formula.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprenderlas experiencias de las madres enel destete precoz. Método: Teoría fundamentada em losdatos. La muestra teórica estuvo compuesta por 19 participantes: madres, familiares y profesionales de la salud de una Unidad Básica de Salud de la región Nordeste de Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió de abril a septiembre de 2018, con entrevistas enprofundidad, analizadas a través de codificación abierta, axial y de integración. Resultados: Emergió la categoría central "La mujer experimentando culpa y sobrecarga por el destete precoz", sustentada entres categorías: a) condicionantes: "revelando las limitaciones para lalactancia materna"; b) acciones/interacciones: "intentar conciliar la lactancia materna con la práctica profesional" y "recibir apoyo social insuficiente para mantener la lactancia materna exclusiva"; y c) consecuencias: "introducir fórmulas infantiles y alimentación complementaria antes de los seis meses de edad y culpabilizarse por el destete precoz". Consideraciones finales: Las madres experimentaron la falta de una red de apoyo, la insuficiencia del tiempo de licencia por maternidad y el sentimiento de culpa.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender vivências de mães no desmame precoce. Método: Estudo qualitativo orientado pelo referencial metodológico da teoria fundamentada nos dados. A amostragem teórica foi composta por 19 participantes: mães, familiares e profissionais da saúde de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, todos da Região Nordeste, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de abril a setembro de 2018, com entrevistas individuais em profundidade, analisadas por meio da codificação aberta, axial e de integração. Resultados: Emergiu o fenômeno "A mulher vivenciando a culpa e a sobrecarga pelo desmame precoce", sustentado por cinco categorias inter-relacionadas. Considerações finais: As mães vivenciaram a carência da rede de apoio, a insuficiência do tempo da licença-maternidade e o sentimento de culpa.

Effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest for nursing students.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest to improve the performance of nursing students. Methods: This was an experimental study, whose sample consisted of 30 undergraduate nursing students from a Brazilian university. It was structured from two groups: an experimental (n=15) and a control (n=15). For both groups, expository classes and skills training were held. For the experimental group, a virtual clinical simulation scenario was implemented. Before the beginning of the interventions, a pre-test was applied and, after the end of this, a post-test was applied to evaluate the students' gain of knowledge and skills. Results: From the analysis of the total correct answers and the scores obtained in the pre-test and post-test, it was found that there was an improvement in the performance of both study groups. Regarding the averages of the points obtained, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.001). The post-test score was significantly higher than the pre-test score in the intervention group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The virtual scenario developed proved to be superior in improving the performance of nursing students in managing cardiorespiratory arrest when compared to traditional teaching methods.

Quality of Life in the Face of Depression Among Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil and Portugal.

Background: This study aimed to analyze and compare the association of depression levels with quality of life among older people in primary health care in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with older people in primary health care. The Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Quality of Life (SF-36) instrument was used to measure the quality of life, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to evaluate depression. We grouped the depression level variables into "absent/mild" and "moderate/severe" and tested their association with the categorical variables of quality of life ("better quality of life" and "worse quality of life"). Results: The total sample was 150 participants (Brazil n = 100 and Portugal n = 50). Each group results in the subcategory of absent/mild depression (n = 129) indicated better quality of life in Portugal in physical role functioning (P = .027/odds ratio = 2.768), physical functioning (P < .001/odds ratio = 5.864), and the physical health dimension (P = .002/odds ratio = 3.752). The binary logistic regression analysis highlighted the domains physical role functioning (odds ratio = 1.01/CI for 95% = 1.00-1.03), physical functioning (odds ratio = 1.02/CI for 95% = 1.01-1.03), and the physical health dimension (odds ratio = 1.09/CI for 95% = 1.04-1.13). Conclusion: There was an association between better assessments of the physical and functional aspects of quality of life and lower levels of depression, in which we could highlight those aspects related to physical health and functionality. Among the groups studied, Portugal had better quality of life evaluations than Brazil. However, none of the groups overlapped the other in levels of depression.

Ideação suicida e risco de depressão entre idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência / Ideación suicida y riesgo de depresión entre adultos mayores residentes en establecimientos de larga estadía / Suicidal ideation and risk of depression among older adults residing in long-stay institutions

Objetivo: identificar o estado depressivo e ideação entre idosos em Instituições de Longa Permanência dos municípios da região do Seridó/RN, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo, desenvolvido entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2020, nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por 45 idosos, predominando idosos do sexo feminino, com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos, solteiros, não alfabetizados, brancos, aposentados e com tempo de institucionalização maior do que 1 ano. Observou-se um maior quantitativo do sexo feminino, 64,4% com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos. Quanto ao estado depressivo, visto que houve significância e as variáveis "grau de depressão" e "ideação suicida" com p-valor < 0,1 (p-valor = 0,07). Considerações finais: observa-se uma considerável ocorrência de graus de depressão e ideação suicida na população estudada.

Objetivo: identificar el estado depresivo y la ideación entre las personas mayores residentes en los Establecimientos de Larga Estadía de los municipios de la región de Seridó/RN, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal y descriptivo, desarrollado entre los meses de agosto y noviembre de 2020, en los Establecimientos de Larga Estadía para Adultos Mayores. Resultados: la muestra final fue compuesta por 45 adultos mayores, predominantemente del sexo femenino, con edad igual o superior a 80 años, solteros, analfabetos, blancos, jubilados y con tiempo de institucionalización superior a 1 año. Se observó un mayor número de mujeres, 64,4%, con 80 años o más. En cuanto al estado depresivo, hubo significación y las variables "grado de depresión" e "ideación suicida" con p-valor < 0,1 (p-valor = 0,07). Consideraciones finales: se observa una considerable ocurrencia de grados de depresión e ideación suicida en la población estudiada.

Objective: to identify the depressive state and ideation among older adults in Long-Stay Institutions in the cities of the Seridó/RN region, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional and descriptive study, developed between the months of August and November 2020, in the Long Stay Institutions for Older Adults. Results: the final sample was composed of 45 older adults, predominantly females, aged 80 years old or more, single, non-literate, white, retired and with a time of institutionalization longer than 1 year. We observed a higher number of females, 64.4%, aged 80 years or older. As for the depressive state, there was significance and the variables "degree of depression" and "suicidal ideation" with p-value < 0.1 (p-value = 0.07). Final considerations: a considerable occurrence of degrees of depression and suicidal ideation is observed in the population studied

Representações sociais da maternidade para mulheres em privação de liberdade no sistema prisional feminino / Social representations of motherhood for women deprived of liberty in the female prison system

Resumo Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar as representações sociais da maternidade de mulheres gestantes, lactantes e que vivenciaram a gestação em privação de liberdade no sistema prisional. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, ancorado nos pressupostos do Paradigma Teórico das Representações Sociais, realizado com 42 mulheres. As participantes eram, em maioria, jovens entre 18 e 39 anos de idade (90,5%; n=38) e se encontravam solteiras (50,0%; n=21); 61,9% (n=26) relataram duas ou mais gestações e 47,6% (n=20) referiram um ou mais abortamentos. A possível representação do ser mãe na prisão se cristalizou, em termos semânticos, principalmente pelos termos "separação" (f=27; OME: 2,9), "tristeza" (f=18; OME: 2,3), "horrível" (f=16; OME: 2,1) e "dor" (f=12; OME: 2,8). Na zona de substituição e de descontextualização, as representações foram objetivadas pelos termos "separação" (f=18; OME: 3), "tristeza" (f=13; OME: 2,5), "medo" (f=11; OME: 2,2) e "horrível" (f=10; OME: 1,5). Evidenciou-se que a centralidade das representações sociais para as participantes do estudo reflete o sofrimento vivenciado pela separação da díade mãe-filho.

Abstract This paper aimed to analyze the social representations of motherhood of pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who experienced pregnancy in deprivation of liberty in the prison system. This qualitative study was conducted with 42 women and is grounded on the assumptions of the Theoretical Paradigm of Social Representations. Most participants were young women aged 18-39 (90.5%; n=38) and single (50.0%; n=21); 61.9% (n=26) reported two or more pregnancies and 47.6% (n=20) reported one or more miscarriages. The possible representation of being a mother in prison was crystallized, in semantic terms, mainly by the terms "separation" (f=27; OME: 2.9), "sadness" (f=18; OME: 2.3), "horrible" (f=16; OME: 2.1) and "pain" (f=12; OME: 2.8). In the substitution and decontextualization zone, representations were objectified by the terms "separation" (f=18; OME: 3), "sadness" (f=13; OME: 2.5), "fear" (f=11; OME: 2.2) and "horrible" (f=10; OME: 1.5). It was evident that the centrality of social representations for the study participants reflects the suffering experienced by the separation of the mother-child dyad.

Estrutura das representações sociais da enfermagem sobre a morte decorrente da COVID-19 / Structure of nursing social representations on death due to COVID-19 / Estructura de las representaciones sociales de enfermería sobre la muerte por COVID-19

Introdução: Ainda que se saiba que a morte faz parte do ciclo da vida, diante de uma doença com muitos aspectos ainda desconhecidos como a COVID-19, torna-se importante compreender como os trabalhadores de enfermagem representam esse fenômeno, uma vez que são os únicos profissionais de saúde que continuam o cuidado ao indivíduo mesmo após a finitude da vida. Objetivo: analisar a estrutura das representações sociais sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 elaboradas por profissionais de enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo ancorado na vertente estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais com ênfase na Teoria do Núcleo Central, desenvolvido junto a 32 profissionais de enfermagem da cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada online mediante utilização da técnica de associação livre de palavras. Para a análise dos dados recorreu-se às análises prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o provável núcleo central das representações foi constituído pelos termos tristeza e medo, e a composição do sistema periférico e da zona de contraste reforçam esse núcleo. Discussão: o núcleo central das representações dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 se constitui em um Themata polêmico de representação, e destaca os prejuízos à saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da linha de frente. Conclusões: perante às representações elaboradas sobre a morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento que colaborem para a saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem.

Introduction: Although it is known that death is part of the life cycle, in the face of a disease with many aspects still unknown, such as COVID-19, it is important to understand how nursing workers represent this phenomenon, since they are the only professionals that continue to care for the individual even after the end of life. Objective: to analyze the structure of social representations about death and dying due to COVID-19 elaborated by nursing professionals. Materials and methods: qualitative study anchored in the structural aspect of the Theory of Social Representations with emphasis on the Theory of the Central Nucleus, developed with 32 nursing professionals from the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data collection was performed online using the free word association technique. For data analysis, prototypical and similarity analyzes were used. Results: the probable central nucleus of the representations was constituted by the terms sadness and fear, and the composition of the peripheral system and the contrast zone reinforce this nucleus. Discussion: the core of nursing professionals' representations about death and dying from COVID-19 constitutes a controversial issueof representation and highlights the damage to the psychosocial health of frontline nursing workers. Conclusions: in view of the elaborated representations about death and dying resulting from COVID-19, it is necessary to develop coping strategies that contribute to the psychosocial health of nursing workers.

Introducción: Si bien se sabe que la muerte es parte del ciclo de vida, ante una enfermedad con muchos aspectos aún desconocidos, como lo es el COVID-19, es importante comprender cómo los trabajadores de enfermería representan este fenómeno, ya que son los únicos profesionales que continuan cuidando al individuo incluso después del final de la vida. Objetivo: analizar la estructura de las representaciones sociales sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 elaboradas por profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo anclado en el aspecto estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales con énfasis en la Teoría del Núcleo Central, desarrollado con 32 profesionales de enfermería de la ciudad de Natal, estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó en línea utilizando la técnica de asociación libre de palabras. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron análisis prototípicos y de similitud. Resultados: el probable núcleo central de las representaciones estuvo constituido por los términos tristeza y miedo, y la composición del sistema periférico y la zona de contraste refuerzan este núcleo. Discusión: el núcleo de las representaciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 constituye un temade representación controvertido, y destaca el daño a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería de primera línea. Conclusiones: frente a las representaciones elaboradas sobre la muerte y el morir como consecuencia de la COVID-19, es necesario desarrollar estrategias de enfrentamiento que contribuyan a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería.

Práticas profissionais em instituições psiquiátricas: desafios para o atendimento humanizado e integral / Professional practices in psychiatric hospitals: challenges for humanized and comprehensive care

Modelo de estudo: Estudo transversal de abordagem misto (quantitativa e qualitativa). Objetivo: Analisar as prá-ticas de profissionais em hospitais psiquiátricos no atendimento a pessoas com transtornos mentais, com vistas a contribuir para a abordagem humanizada e integral. Metodologia: Estudo realizado em dois hospitais psiquiátricos do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como participantes 60 profissionais de saúde. Os dados quantitativos foram sub-metidos ao software estatísticoe analisados através de estatística bivariada; e nos dado qualitativos, recorreu-se ao tratamento do software Alceste e a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observou-se o predomínio de práticas profissionais associadas a intervenções tradicionais no contexto da abordagem realizada, reforçados nos dois temas centrais, oriundos dos achados qualitativos, a saber: Práticas profissionais no hospital psiquiátricos: cotidianos e políticas, e, Entraves e caminhos para o atendimento integral e humanizado em instituições psiquiá-tricas. Conclusão: As práticas profissionais desenvolvidas no âmbito das instituições psiquiátricas apontam para o enfoque terapêutico biológico e individual, tendo em vista os desafios de articular um atendimento integral e humanizado condizente com as diretrizes propostas pelo movimento de reforma psiquiátrica brasileiro. (AU)

Study model: cross-sectional study with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). Objective: to analyze the practices of professionals in psychiatric hospitals in the care of people with mental disorders, with a view to contributing to a humanized and integral approach. Methodology: study carried out in two psychiatric hospitals in Rio Grande do Norte, with 60 health professionals as participants. The quantitative data were submitted to statis-tical software and analyzed through bivariate statistics; and in the qualitative data, the Alceste software treatment and the content analysis technique were used. Results: it was observed the predominance of professional practices associated with traditional interventions in the context of the approach performed, reinforced in the two central themes, arising from the qualitative findings, namely: Professional practices in the psychiatric hospital: daily life and policies, and, Barriers and paths to comprehensive and humanized care in psychiatric institutions. Conclusion:the professional practices developed within psychiatric institutions point to the biological and individual therapeutic focus, in view of the challenges of articulating a comprehensive and humanized care consistent with the guidelines proposed by the Brazilian psychiatric reform movement. (AU)

Social representations of motherhood for women deprived of liberty in the female prison system. / Representações sociais da maternidade para mulheres em privação de liberdade no sistema prisional feminino.

This paper aimed to analyze the social representations of motherhood of pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who experienced pregnancy in deprivation of liberty in the prison system. This qualitative study was conducted with 42 women and is grounded on the assumptions of the Theoretical Paradigm of Social Representations. Most participants were young women aged 18-39 (90.5%; n=38) and single (50.0%; n=21); 61.9% (n=26) reported two or more pregnancies and 47.6% (n=20) reported one or more miscarriages. The possible representation of being a mother in prison was crystallized, in semantic terms, mainly by the terms "separation" (f=27; OME: 2.9), "sadness" (f=18; OME: 2.3), "horrible" (f=16; OME: 2.1) and "pain" (f=12; OME: 2.8). In the substitution and decontextualization zone, representations were objectified by the terms "separation" (f=18; OME: 3), "sadness" (f=13; OME: 2.5), "fear" (f=11; OME: 2.2) and "horrible" (f=10; OME: 1.5). It was evident that the centrality of social representations for the study participants reflects the suffering experienced by the separation of the mother-child dyad.

Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar as representações sociais da maternidade de mulheres gestantes, lactantes e que vivenciaram a gestação em privação de liberdade no sistema prisional. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, ancorado nos pressupostos do Paradigma Teórico das Representações Sociais, realizado com 42 mulheres. As participantes eram, em maioria, jovens entre 18 e 39 anos de idade (90,5%; n=38) e se encontravam solteiras (50,0%; n=21); 61,9% (n=26) relataram duas ou mais gestações e 47,6% (n=20) referiram um ou mais abortamentos. A possível representação do ser mãe na prisão se cristalizou, em termos semânticos, principalmente pelos termos "separação" (f=27; OME: 2,9), "tristeza" (f=18; OME: 2,3), "horrível" (f=16; OME: 2,1) e "dor" (f=12; OME: 2,8). Na zona de substituição e de descontextualização, as representações foram objetivadas pelos termos "separação" (f=18; OME: 3), "tristeza" (f=13; OME: 2,5), "medo" (f=11; OME: 2,2) e "horrível" (f=10; OME: 1,5). Evidenciou-se que a centralidade das representações sociais para as participantes do estudo reflete o sofrimento vivenciado pela separação da díade mãe-filho.

Educational hypermedia on embracement and obstetric risk classification: content validation and usability.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the content and usability of educational hypermedia about embracement and obstetric risk classification. METHODS: Methodological study, development by the basic instructional design model, conducted in five stages. Twenty-two judges participated to validate the content and usability. For the analysis, the Content Validity Index, the System Usability Scale, and the binomial test were used. RESULTS: In the content it was obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.96 and for and usability it was obtained 91.9. In the overall evaluation, all requirements obtained an index of 0.98. CONCLUSION: The educational hypermedia developed presents evidence of validity and constitutes an innovative resource for the teaching and learning process in Nursing.

Parada cardiorrespiratória e cerebral: construção e validação de cenário simulado para enfermagem / Paro cardiorspiratorio y cerebral: construccíon y validación de escenario simulado para enfermería / Cardiorespiratory and cerebral arrest: construction and validation of simulated scenario for nursing

Objetivo:construir, validar e testar um cenário de simulação clínica para o manejo da parada cardiorrespiratória e cerebral para o ensino de enfermagem.Método:foi realizado design de estudo metodológico de desenvolvimento educacional realizado em três fases: elaboração de cenário simulado sobre parada cardiorrespiratória cerebral, validação do conteúdo e teste do cenário simulado com estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. A análise dos dados se deu pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando-se adequado um valor > 0,90 entre os juízes experts em enfermagem, e o Alfa de Cronbach para determinar a concordância da satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem dos estudantes. Resultados:o cenário de simulação mostrou-se adequado para utilização no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e melhoria das competências cognitivas, comportamentais e psicomotoras, e obteve excelente índice de validação de conteúdo e na testagemdo cenário foi considerado satisfatório. Conclusão:considerou-se validado e apto para o uso nas práticas simuladas

Objective:to build, validate, and test a clinical simulation scenario for the management of cardiorespiratory and cerebral arrest for nursing education. Method:amethodological study design of educational development was carried out in three phases: development of a simulated scenario on cerebral cardiac arrest, content validation and testing of the simulated scenario with undergraduate nursing students. Data were analyzed using the Content Validity Index, with a value > 0.90 considered adequate among expert nursing judges, and Cronbach's alpha to determine the agreement of satisfaction and self-confidence in student learning. Results:the simulation scenario proved adequate for use in the teaching and learning process and to improve cognitive, behavioral and psychomotor skills, and obtained an excellent content validation index. Conclusion:it was considered validated and suitable for use in simulated practice.

Objetivo:construir, validar y probar un centro de simulación clínica para el manejo de la parada cardiorrespiratoria y cerebral para la enseñanza de la enfermería. Método:se realizó un diseño de estudio metodológico de desarrollo educativo llevado a cabo en tres fases: elaboración de un escenario simulado sobre parada cardiorrespiratoria cerebral, valoración del contenido y prueba del escenariosimulado con estudiantes de grado en enfermería. Los datos se analizaron mediante el índice de validez del contenido (un valor > 0,90 se consideró adecuado entre los jueces expertos en enfermería) y el alfa de Cronbach para determinar la concordancia de la satisfacción y la autoconfianza en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Resultados:el escenariode simulación se mostró adecuado para su uso en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y la mejora de las competencias cognitivas, conductuales y psicomotoras, y obtuvo un excelente índice de valoración del contenido y en la prueba del escenariose consideró satisfactorio. Conclusión:se considera validado y apto para el uso en prácticas simuladas

Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older People with Functional and Nutritional Impairment and Depressive Symptoms: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil and Portugal.

BACKGROUND: The interaction of quality of life (QoL) with functionality, nutrition and depression has been studied, but few studies have compared different realities. Our objective was to compare the associations of QoL with impaired functionality, nutritional status and depressive symptoms among older people patients treated in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and Portugal. METHODS: Cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted with primary data from PHC services in Brazil and Portugal with users over 65 years old. Participants' scores were classified as "impaired" and "preserved" for QoL, functional decline, nutrition and depression. We used Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Our sample had a total of 150 PHC users. We found lower QoL scores in Brazil, which were associated with the risk of functional decline for the domains Physical Functioning, General Health Perceptions, Mental Health dimensions and Physical Health. Nutritional impairment in the group from Portugal included the domains of Vitality and Social Role Functioning. For depressive impairment, Portugal showed an association with the domains Mental Health, Vitality and Social Role Functioning. CONCLUSIONS: QoL was associated with functional and nutritional impairment and depressive symptoms, highlighting physical, mental and social characteristics related to the perception of well-being.