Management of ankylosed teeth using the decoronation technique: integrative literature review and case report.

INTRODUCTION: The decoronation technique has been described in literature since 1984 and, based on the available results, it can lead to considerable benefits for the repair and rehabilitation of ankylosed teeth. Based on these reports, one could expect that this procedure would be well known by the dental community. However, this fact does not seem to be true, and this procedure is not widely used. METHODS: The objective of this paper is to present appropriate literature that discusses decoronation and evaluate the perspectives of the procedure, both in relation to the technique and the long-term benefits for the patient. An integrative literature review at PubMed, ScieELO, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords "decoronation", "ridge preservation decoronation", "decoronation ankylosis". In addition, a case report will be presented to demonstrate the technique in a systematic and detailed manner. RESULTS: Considering the inclusion criteria, 27 articles that present consistency regarding decoronation were selected. CONCLUSION: There is scarce availability of scientific works related to the topic, to corroborate and discuss the technique. The present paper reinforces the benefits of this procedure, and revisit decoronation, attempting to provide a possible treatment for ankylosed teeth in growing patients.

Forces and moments generated by 3D direct printed clear aligners of varying labial and lingual thicknesses during lingual movement of maxillary central incisor: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure the forces and moments exerted by direct printed aligners (DPAs) with varying facial and lingual aligner surface thicknesses, in all three planes of space, during lingual movement of a maxillary central incisor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro experimental setup was used to quantify forces and moments experienced by a programmed tooth to be moved and by adjacent anchor teeth, during lingual movement of a maxillary central incisor. DPAs were directly 3D-printed with Tera Harz TC-85 (Graphy Inc., Seoul, South Korea) clear photocurable resin in 100-µm layers. Three multi-axis sensors were used to measure the moments and forces generated by 0.50 mm thick DPAs modified with labial and lingual surface thicknesses of 1.00 mm in selective locations. The sensors were connected to three maxillary incisors (the upper left central, the upper right central, and the upper left lateral incisors) during 0.50 mm of programmed lingual bodily movement of the upper left central incisor. Moment-to-force ratios were calculated for all three incisors. Aligners were benchtop tested in a temperature-controlled chamber at intra-oral temperature to simulate intra-oral conditions. RESULTS: The results showed that increased facial thickness of DPAs slightly reduced force levels on the upper left central incisor compared to DPAs of uniform thickness of 0.50 mm. Additionally, increasing the lingual thickness of adjacent teeth reduced force and moment side effects on the adjacent teeth. DPAs can produce moment-to-force ratios indicative of controlled tipping. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted increases in thickness of direct 3D-printed aligners change the magnitude of forces and moments generated, albeit in complex patterns that are difficult to predict. The ability to vary labiolingual thicknesses of DPAs is promising to optimize the prescribed orthodontic movements while minimizing unwanted tooth movements, thereby increasing the predictability of tooth movements.

Forces and moments generated during extrusion of a maxillary central incisor with clear aligners: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possibility of extrusion of a maxillary central incisor with the use of buccal and lingual pressure columns in the absence of attachments, and to evaluate the forces and moments experienced by the teeth using both thermoformed and 3D-printed clear aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-axis force and moment sensor (Aidin Robotics, Anyang, South Korea) was used to measure the forces and moments during extrusion of an upper left central incisor (UL1) and any forces experienced by the upper right central incisor (UR1) using thermoformed aligners and 3D-printed aligners. For the thermoformed aligners, the materials used were ATMOS® (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) and Zendura FLX® (Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, CA). 3D-printed aligners were fabricated using TC-85 clear photocurable resin (Graphy Inc., Seoul, South Korea). For each material type, three conditions were tested: Group 1: No attachment or pressure columns (control); Group 2: Attachment only; and Group 3: Pressure columns only. Each group was planned for 0.5 mm of extrusion on the UL1. RESULTS: All force readings collected demonstrated statistically significant differences when compared by materials and when compared by groups, with a P value of < 0.001. In the absence of attachment or pressure columns (Group 1), ATMOS® and TC-85 groups exerted extrusive force on the UL1. However, significantly lower forces and moments were exerted by the TC-85 group in comparison to the ATMOS® and Zendura FLX® groups. In the presence of attachment (Group 2), all three ATMOS®, Zendura FLX® and TC-85 groups exerted extrusive force on the UL1, with the TA group showing different directions of faciolingual force, mesiodistal force and faciolingual inclination on the UR1 when compared to the other two thermoformed groups. Whereas in the presence of pressure columns (Group 3), only the TC-85 3D-printed aligner group exerted extrusive force. Thermoformed aligners generated significantly higher mean forces and moments than 3D-printed aligners. Significant levels of unintended forces and moments were present in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Force levels generated during extrusion with clear aligners are significantly lower with those 3D-printed using TC-85 than with those thermoformed using ATMOS® or Zendura FLX®. Attachments consistently generated extrusive forces, and may be an effective adjunct in achieving extrusion of incisors. Extrusion may be achieved without the use of attachments by utilizing pressure columns in 3D-printed aligners using TC-85. While different strategies can generate extrusive forces, there are significant unintended forces and moments.

Management of ankylosed teeth using the decoronation technique: integrative literature review and case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: The decoronation technique has been described in literature since 1984 and, based on the available results, it can lead to considerable benefits for the repair and rehabilitation of ankylosed teeth. Based on these reports, one could expect that this procedure would be well known by the dental community. However, this fact does not seem to be true, and this procedure is not widely used. Methods: The objective of this paper is to present appropriate literature that discusses decoronation and evaluate the perspectives of the procedure, both in relation to the technique and the long-term benefits for the patient. An integrative literature review at PubMed, ScieELO, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords "decoronation", "ridge preservation decoronation", "decoronation ankylosis". In addition, a case report will be presented to demonstrate the technique in a systematic and detailed manner. Results: Considering the inclusion criteria, 27 articles that present consistency regarding decoronation were selected. Conclusion: There is scarce availability of scientific works related to the topic, to corroborate and discuss the technique. The present paper reinforces the benefits of this procedure, and revisit decoronation, attempting to provide a possible treatment for ankylosed teeth in growing patients.

RESUMO Introdução: A técnica de decoronação é descrita na literatura desde 1984 e, com base nos resultados disponíveis, pode trazer benefícios consideráveis para o reparo e reabilitação de dentes anquilosados. Com base nesses relatos, seria esperado que esse procedimento fosse bem conhecido pela comunidade odontológica. No entanto, isto não parece ser verdadeiro e esse procedimento não é amplamente utilizado. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar literatura adequada que discuta a decoronação e avalie as perspectivas do procedimento, tanto em relação à técnica quanto aos benefícios em longo prazo para o paciente. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: "decoronation", "ridge preservation decoronation", "decoronation ankylosis". Além disso, um relato de caso demonstrará a técnica de maneira sistemática e detalhada. Resultados: Considerando os critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 27 artigos que apresentam consistência quanto à decoronação. Conclusão: Há escassa disponibilidade de trabalhos científicos relacionados ao tema para corroborar e discutir a técnica. Esse artigo reforça os benefícios desse procedimento e revisa a decoronação na tentativa de fornecer um possível tratamento para dentes anquilosados em pacientes em crescimento.

Complicações neuromusculares pela COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática de literatura / Neuromuscular complications by COVID-19: a systematic literature review

Introdução: O Coronavírus é um vírus zoonótico de RNA, tratando-se também de uma família de vírus que causam infecções respiratórias, em que um dos tipos conhecidos é o SARS-CoV-2, que é um novo coronavírus descrito no final de 2019, sendo responsável por provocar a doença chamada de COVID-19. Além do trato respiratório, tal patologia pode afetar vários sistemas orgânicos e dentre esses, o sistema neuromuscular tem sido apontado como alvo do SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Verificar se há relação entre a COVID-19 e o surgimento de doenças neuromusculares. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática pelo método PRISMA, com coleta de dados realizada nas bases PubMed e BVS, verificando a relação entre a COVID-19 e o surgimento ou intensificação das doenças neuromusculares. Os artigos coletados foram publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e março de 2021. Foram encontrados 1366 artigos e aprovados 56 para a revisão sistemática. Resultados: 56 estudos apontaram ligação entre a COVID-19 e o desenvolvimento de patologias neuromusculares, destacando-se: Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e suas variações (n=37), Miastenia de Gravis (n=4), Mielite (n=2). Discussão: Em relação a Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e sua associação com a COVID-19, observou-se que os principais sinais e sintomas neuromusculares relatados foram: déficits quantitativos dos reflexos (hiporreflexia ou arreflexia), parestesia, paralisia, diminuição da força muscular, dormência e formigamento. Por conseguinte, notou-se que há diversas relações entre a COVID-19 e o desenvolvimento de doenças ou síndromes neuromusculares. Conclusão: É possível perceber que há forte indícios da relação entre a fisiopatologia da COVID-19 e o surgimento de síndromes neuromusculares, sendo a Síndrome de Guillain-Barré a disfunção mais relatada em diferentes localidades do mundo. Nesse sentido, é interessante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com maior tamanho amostral, bem como, necessidade de compreensão do mecanismo de ação viral sobre o sistema nervoso, a fim de obter tratamentos mais eficientes para esses quadros clínicos. [au]

Introduction: Coronaviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses, and are also a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. One of the known types is SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus described in late 2019, responsible for causing the COVID-19. Besides the respiratory tract, such pathology can affect several organ systems and among these, the neuromuscular system has been pointed out as a target of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between COVID-19 and the emergence of neuromuscular diseases. Methodology: Systematic review using the PRISMA method, with data collection carried out in PubMed and BVS, verifying the relationship between COVID-19 and the emergence or intensification of neuromuscular diseases. The collected articles were published between January 2020 and March 2021. A total of 1366 articles were found and 56 were approved for the systematic review. Results: 56 studies pointed out a link between COVID-19 and the development of neuromuscular pathologies, highlighting: Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variations (n=37), Gravis myasthenia (n=4), Myelitis (n=2). Discussion: Regarding Guillain-Barré Syndrome and its association with COVID-19, it was observed that the main neuromuscular signs and symptoms reported were: quantitative reflex deficits (hyporeflexia or arreflexia), paresthesia, paralysis, decreased muscle strength, numbness and tingling. Therefore, it was noted that there are several relationships between COVID-19 and the development of neuromuscular diseases or syndromes. Conclusion: It is possible to see that there is strong evidence of a relationship between the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the emergence of neuromuscular syndromes, with Guillain-Barré Syndrome being the most reported dysfunction in different locations around the world. In this sense, it is interesting the development of research with a larger sample size, as well as the need to understand the mechanism of viral action on the nervous system in order to obtain more efficient treatments for these clinical pictures [au]

Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. RESULTS: Mean patients' age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. CONCLUSION: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia da tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax em pacientes com suspeita de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em um centro oncológico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e unicêntrico que selecionou 91 pacientes que realizaram TC de tórax e teste RT-PCR no mesmo dia. Os resultados da TC foram classificados em negativos, achados típicos, indeterminados ou atípicos. Acurácia diagnóstica, sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas para dois cenários: no primeiro, apenas TC com achados típicos foi considerada positiva; no segundo, achados típicos ou indeterminados foram considerados positivos. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 58,2 anos, sendo a maioria homens (60,4%) e com história de câncer prévio (85,7%). TC demonstrou achados típicos em 28,6%, indeterminados em 24,2% e atípicos em 26,4%. Resultados da RT-PCR foram positivos para SARS-CoV-2 em 27,5%. Sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia no primeiro e segundo cenários foram, respectivamente, de 64,0%, 84,8% e 79,1%, e 92,0%, 62,1% e 70,3%. CONCLUSÃO: A TC tem alta acurácia para o diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Diferentes critérios de interpretação fornecem maior sensibilidade ou especificidade. A TC deve ser integrada como um teste de triagem em ambientes com recursos limitados durante a pandemia, para ajudar na otimização da utilização de testes de PCR, leitos de isolamento e unidades de terapia intensiva.

Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center / Acurácia da TC de tórax no diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2: experiência inicial em um centro oncológico

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. Results: Mean patients' age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. Conclusion: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia da tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax em pacientes com suspeita de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em um centro oncológico. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e unicêntrico que selecionou 91 pacientes que realizaram TC de tórax e teste RT-PCR no mesmo dia. Os resultados da TC foram classificados em negativos, achados típicos, indeterminados ou atípicos. Acurácia diagnóstica, sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas para dois cenários: no primeiro, apenas TC com achados típicos foi considerada positiva; no segundo, achados típicos ou indeterminados foram considerados positivos. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 58,2 anos, sendo a maioria homens (60,4%) e com história de câncer prévio (85,7%). TC demonstrou achados típicos em 28,6%, indeterminados em 24,2% e atípicos em 26,4%. Resultados da RT-PCR foram positivos para SARS-CoV-2 em 27,5%. Sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia no primeiro e segundo cenários foram, respectivamente, de 64,0%, 84,8% e 79,1%, e 92,0%, 62,1% e 70,3%. Conclusão: A TC tem alta acurácia para o diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Diferentes critérios de interpretação fornecem maior sensibilidade ou especificidade. A TC deve ser integrada como um teste de triagem em ambientes com recursos limitados durante a pandemia, para ajudar na otimização da utilização de testes de PCR, leitos de isolamento e unidades de terapia intensiva.

Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. Results: Mean patients' age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. Conclusion: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units.

Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia da tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax em pacientes com suspeita de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em um centro oncológico. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e unicêntrico que selecionou 91 pacientes que realizaram TC de tórax e teste RT-PCR no mesmo dia. Os resultados da TC foram classificados em negativos, achados típicos, indeterminados ou atípicos. Acurácia diagnóstica, sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas para dois cenários: no primeiro, apenas TC com achados típicos foi considerada positiva; no segundo, achados típicos ou indeterminados foram considerados positivos. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 58,2 anos, sendo a maioria homens (60,4%) e com história de câncer prévio (85,7%). TC demonstrou achados típicos em 28,6%, indeterminados em 24,2% e atípicos em 26,4%. Resultados da RT-PCR foram positivos para SARS-CoV-2 em 27,5%. Sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia no primeiro e segundo cenários foram, respectivamente, de 64,0%, 84,8% e 79,1%, e 92,0%, 62,1% e 70,3%. Conclusão: A TC tem alta acurácia para o diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Diferentes critérios de interpretação fornecem maior sensibilidade ou especificidade. A TC deve ser integrada como um teste de triagem em ambientes com recursos limitados durante a pandemia, para ajudar na otimização da utilização de testes de PCR, leitos de isolamento e unidades de terapia intensiva.

Breast cancer mammographic diagnosis performance in a public health institution: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality assurance of mammography results at a reference institution for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in southern Brazil, based on the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 5th edition recommendations for auditing purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study with 4502 patients (9668 mammographies)) who underwent at least one or both breast mammographies throughout 2013 at a regional public hospital, linked to a federal public university. The results were followed until 31 December 2014, including true positives (TPs), true negatives (TNs), false positives (FPs), false negatives (FNs), positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity, with a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: The study showed high quality assurance, particularly regarding sensitivity (90.22%) and specificity (92.31%). The overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 65.35%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.32%. The abnormal interpretation rate (recall rate) was 12.26%. CONCLUSIONS: The results are appropriate when compared to the values proposed by the BIRADS 5th edition. Additionally, the study provided self-reflection considering our radiological practice, which is essential for improvements and collaboration regarding breast cancer detection. It may stimulate better radiological practice performance and continuing education, despite possible infrastructure and facility limitations. MAIN MESSAGES: • Accurate quality performance rates are possible despite financial and governmental limitations. • Low-income institutions should develop standardised teamwork to improve radiological practice. • Regular mammography audits may help to increase the quality of public health systems.

Estrogen and soy isoflavonoids decrease sensitivity of medulloblastoma and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells to chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies demonstrated that growth and migration of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor in children, are stimulated by 17ß-estradiol. The growth stimulating effects of estrogens are mediated through ERß and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling to inhibit caspase 3 activity and reduce tumor cell apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine whether estrogens decreased sensitivity of MB cells to cytotoxic actions of chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: Using in vitro cell viability and clonogenic survival assays, concentration response analysis was used to determine whether the cytoprotective effects of estradiol protected human D283 Med MB cells from the cytotoxic actions of the MB chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin, vincristine, or lomustine. Additional experiments were done to determine whether the ER antagonist fulvestrant or the selective ER modulator tamoxifen blocked the cytoprotective actions of estradiol. ER-selective agonists and antagonists were used to define receptor specificity, and the impacts of the soy-derived phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein, and s-equol on chemosensitivity were evaluated. RESULTS: In D283 Med cells the presence of 10 nM estradiol increased the IC50 for cisplatin-induced inhibition of viability 2-fold from ~5 µM to >10 µM. In clonogenic survival assays estradiol decreased the chemosensitivity of D283 Med cells exposed to cisplatin, lomustine and vincristine. The ERß selective agonist DPN and low physiological concentrations of the soy-derived phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein, and s-equol also decreased sensitivity of D283 Med cells to cisplatin. The protective effects of estradiol were blocked by the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen, fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) and the ERß selective antagonist PPHTP. Whereas estradiol also decreased chemosensitivity of PFSK-1 cells, estradiol increased sensitivity of Daoy cell to cisplatin, suggesting that ERß mediated effects may vary in different MB celltypes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that E2 and environmental estrogens decrease sensitivity of MB to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, and that ERß selective and non-selective inhibition of estrogen receptor activity blocks these cytoprotective actions. These findings support the therapeutic potential of antiestrogen adjuvant therapies for MB, and findings that soy phytoestrogens also decrease sensitivity of MB cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics suggest that decreased exposure to environmental estrogens may benefit MB patient responses to chemotherapy.

Os Becos sem Saída do Debate Sobre Segurança Pública: Notas Sobre o Fetiche do Estado Penal / The blind alleys about the Brazilian public security: notes on the fetish of the Penal State / Los callejones sin salida del debate brasileño acerca de la seguridad pública: notas sobre el fetiche del Estado penal / Les culs-de-sac de debat concernant securite publique: notes sur le fetiche de l'État pénal

Os objetivos do presente estudo consistem em problematizar os riscos e limitações de um debate sobre segurança pública que desconsidera as dimensões econômicas, políticas e sociais, e discutir, ainda que de modo introdutório, as variáveis que contribuem para que haja uma sobrerrepresentação de jovens pobres e negros nas estatísticas sobre as vítimas letais de ações decorrentes de intervenção policial e nos dados acerca dos sujeitos que compõem as instituições penais de privação de liberdade. Para a construção deste ensaio, foram realizadas análises de documentos e bancos de dados, que forneceram dados quantitativos secundários, vitais para fornecer solidez aos argumentos desenvolvidos ao longo do artigo. Destaca-se, como apontamentos iniciais, que as prisões, a atuação da polícia militar e as práticas de linchamentos constituem-se como inefetivas para atuar na redução dos índices de criminalidade e violência urbana, entretanto cumprem a função de criminalizar os setores mais pauperizados da classe trabalhadora.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the risks and limitations of a debate on public security that ignores the economic, political and social dimensions, and to discuss, albeit in an introductory way, the variables that contribute to the overrepresentation of poor and black youths in the statistics on the lethal victims of actions - resulting from police intervention and in the data about the people that compose the penal institutions of deprivation of liberty. For the construction of this essay, analyses of documents and databases were carried out, which provided secondary quantitative data, vital to provide solidity to the arguments developed throughout the article. It is noteworthy, as initial notes, that prisons, military police action and lynching practices constitute ineffective to act in the reduction of crime rates and urban violence, even though they serve the function of criminalizing the poor sectors of labour class.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los riesgos y limitaciones de un debate sobre la seguridad pública que ignora los aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales, y discutir, aunque de manera introductoria, las variables que contribuyen a una sobrerrepresentación de los jóvenes pobres y negros en las estadísticas sobre las víctimas fatales de acciones de la policía y en los datos sobre las personas que están en las instituciones penales de privación de libertad. Para la construcción de este ensayo, se han realizado revisiones documentales y análisis de bases de datos, que proporcionaron datos cuantitativos vitales para otorgar validez a los argumentos presentados en el artículo. Se concluyeque las detenciones, la operación de la policía militar y las prácticas de linchamientos son maneras ineficazes para actuar en la reducción de las tasas de criminalidad y violencia urbana, sin embargo cumplen con la función de criminalizar a los sectores más empobrecidos de la clase obrera.

Le but de cette étude est d'examiner les risques et les limites d'un débat sur la sécurité publique qui ne tient pas compte les dimensions économiques, politiques et sociales, et de discuter, quoique moyen d'introduction, les variables qui contribuent à la surreprésentation des jeunes pauvres et noirs dans les statistiques sur les victimes mortelles résultant de l'intervention de la police et des données sur les individus qui composent les institutions pénales de privation de liberté. Pour élaborer présent essai, des analyses concernant documents et bases de données ont été réalisées, afin de fournir les données quantitatives vitaux pour assurer la solidité aux arguments développés tout au long de l'article. Comme notes initiales, se démarque que les prisons, la police militaire et les lynchages sont inefficaces pour réduire les taux de criminalité et la violence urbaine, cependant se conforment la fonction de criminaliser les secteurs pauvres de la classe ouvrière.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: case report and review of literature

Description of a case report of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome diagnosed in a male newborn who presented increased head circumference and bifid ribs. Mother and grandmother presented typical physical findings of the syndrome, including palmar pits, odontogenic cysts, and history of multiple skin cancer resections. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings of three relatives. A literature review is also presented.

Efecto de la extinción en múltiples contextos sobre la renovación de la tolerancia asociativa al etanol / Effects of extinction in multiple contexts on the renewal of associative tolerance to ethanol

El análisis pavloviano de tolerancia a las drogas describe cómo los contextos de administración de la droga participan en la elicitación de respuestas condicionadas compensatorias que causan, en parte, tolerancia. Hallazgos indican que si una asociación es adquirida en un contexto y extinguida en otro, al exponer a los sujetos al contexto de adquisición se producirá renovación de la respuesta condicionada. Existe evidencia ambigua acerca de si este efecto disminuye o no al extinguir la asociación en múltiples contextos. Esta investigación evalúa la existencia del fenómeno de Renovación en la tolerancia al etanol, y si éste disminuye por la extinción en múltiples contextos. Se aporta evidencia de Renovación en la tolerancia al etanol en ratas, sin embargo, no se observó disminución de ésta al extinguir en múltiples contextos (AU)

The Pavlovian analysis of drug tolerance describes how the contexts of drug administration participate in the elicitation of compensatory conditioned responses that are, at least partly, responsible for tolerance. Findings indicate that if an association is acquired in one context and extinguished in another one, when exposing the subjects to the acquisition context, renewal of the conditioned response will take place. Ambiguous evidence exists about whether or not this effect diminishes when extinguishing the association in multiple contexts. This investigation evaluates the existence of the phenomenon of renewal of tolerance to ethanol, and whether it diminishes by the extinction in multiple contexts. Evidence of renewal of tolerance to ethanol in rats was found, but no diminution was observed when extinguishing in multiple contexts (AU)

[Effects of extinction in multiple contexts on the renewal of associative tolerance to ethanol]. / Efecto de la extinción en múltiples contextos sobre la renovación de la tolerancia asociativa al etanol.

The Pavlovian analysis of drug tolerance describes how the contexts of drug administration participate in the elicitation of compensatory conditioned responses that are, at least partly, responsible for tolerance. Findings indicate that if an association is acquired in one context and extinguished in another one, when exposing the subjects to the acquisition context, renewal of the conditioned response will take place. Ambiguous evidence exists about whether or not this effect diminishes when extinguishing the association in multiple contexts. This investigation evaluates the existence of the phenomenon of renewal of tolerance to ethanol, and whether it diminishes by the extinction in multiple contexts. Evidence of renewal of tolerance to ethanol in rats was found, but no diminution was observed when extinguishing in multiple contexts.

A multidisciplinary approach to surgical management of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion: a case report.

Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion occurs rarely. However this disorder has become more common since the increased rate of cesarean deliveries. We present a 26 year old gravida 3, para 2-0-1-2 female with placenta previa, percreta and bladder invasion to stress out the importance of early recognition of this life threatening condition and to point out that the good outcome of this case was mainly due to the multidisciplinary approach chosen during the preoperative and post operative management. The Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology, Anesthesiology, Urology, Neonatology and Pathology were fully involved. A surgical management was chosen since it is the most common and more accepted treatment of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion.

[Canine lymphadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. First case in Chile]. / Linfadenitis canina producida por Cryptococcus neoformans. Primer caso en Chile.

We report the first case of canine lymphoadenomegalia caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in Chile. Physical examination of a Rottweiler dog patient showed a generalized lymphoadenomegalia that affected the submandibular, superficial cervical and popliteus lymphatic nodules. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated and identified from biopsies of the right submandibular nodule. After antifungal susceptibility, oral ketoconazole treatment was established for a period of six months showing clinical improvement. Two years post-treatment the patient showed no signs of the infection.

Osteotomia tibial supratuberositaria: experimentacion en hueso cadaverico para medicion de presiones unicompartimentales / Upper tibial osteotomy: weight transmission through the knee joint

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y comprobar los cambios de presion que sufren los compartimientos femorotibiales, de acuerdo con los cambios de angulacion efectuados con osteotomias supratuberositarias de tibia con fuerzas progresivas, que emulan una situacion monopodalica. En hueso cadaverico fresco, se realizo la osteotomia de Aiello y se implanto el fijador externo Pouliquen. Para medir la presion individual de cada compartimiento, se emplearon sensores de minipresion. A partir de una condicion basal, considerada como valgo fisiologico de 5 grados, se determino la presion en ambos compartimientos. Se realizaron angulaciones en varo y valgo, y se comparo la modificacion de las presiones individuales en cada compartimiento. En la rodilla vara, la carga aumento rapidamente sobre el platillo interno y llego casi al 90 por ciento. Cuando la angulacion alcanzo 5 por ciento en valgo (fisiologico) con pesos de 30,35 y 40 kg, se observo la inversion de la carga pasando del compartimiento interno al externo, y llego a mas de 95 por ciento en 10 grados de valgo. De esto, se infiere que, en el deterioro del compartimiento interno, la correccion quirurgica debe ser muy precisa. Se debe practicar una hipercorreccion de 8 grados de valgo, para no realizar una descompresion del compartimiento interno a expensas de una hiperpresion del compartimiento externo

Osteotomia tibial supratuberositaria: experimentacion en hueso cadaverico para medicion de presiones unicompartimentales / Upper tibial osteotomy: weight transmission through the knee joint

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y comprobar los cambios de presion que sufren los compartimientos femorotibiales, de acuerdo con los cambios de angulacion efectuados con osteotomias supratuberositarias de tibia con fuerzas progresivas, que emulan una situacion monopodalica. En hueso cadaverico fresco, se realizo la osteotomia de Aiello y se implanto el fijador externo Pouliquen. Para medir la presion individual de cada compartimiento, se emplearon sensores de minipresion. A partir de una condicion basal, considerada como valgo fisiologico de 5 grados, se determino la presion en ambos compartimientos. Se realizaron angulaciones en varo y valgo, y se comparo la modificacion de las presiones individuales en cada compartimiento. En la rodilla vara, la carga aumento rapidamente sobre el platillo interno y llego casi al 90 por ciento. Cuando la angulacion alcanzo 5 por ciento en valgo (fisiologico) con pesos de 30,35 y 40 kg, se observo la inversion de la carga pasando del compartimiento interno al externo, y llego a mas de 95 por ciento en 10 grados de valgo. De esto, se infiere que, en el deterioro del compartimiento interno, la correccion quirurgica debe ser muy precisa. Se debe practicar una hipercorreccion de 8 grados de valgo, para no realizar una descompresion del compartimiento interno a expensas de una hiperpresion del compartimiento externo

Mielografia com pacientes ambulatoriais / Outpatients myelography

Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo em 187 pacientes que se submeteram a mielografia lombar no Hospital Independência de Porto Alegre, usando 10ml de iohexol (240mg I/ml), com a finalidade de determinar a possibilidade desse exame ser realizado a nível ambulatorial com total segurança para o paciente. Apenas dois pacientes tiveram que ser readmitidos no hospital devido à severidade dos efeitos colaterais, os quais foram reorientados e permaneceram em observaçäo recebendo medicaçäo sintomática por 48h. A mielografia lombar em pacientes ambulatoriais é um procedimento seguro desde que seja feita uma seleçäo de pacientes, um aconselhamento adequado e que exista fácil acesso a socorro médico a nível hospitalar para qualquer problema que se seguir ao exame, resultando numa considerável economia no custo do exame mielográfico