Guillain-Barré Syndrome Post COVID-19 Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: A Colombian Case Report.

Background: Adverse events after vaccination against COVID-19 include rare events, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Study Aims. Documentation of clinical and temporary characteristics of the Guillain-Barré syndrome after using anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Case Presentation. An adult, 29-year-old male, without relevant medical history, who developed neuromuscular symptoms nine days after administration of the first dose of anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Results: Symptoms appeared nine days after vaccination, with lower limbs paresthesia. Three days later, paresthesia of upper limbs occurred. The following day, distal weakness of limbs, with standing and gripping difficulties, occurred. The clinical evaluation demonstrated dysarthria, incomplete palpebral closure, bilateral facial, and tongue paresis. The electromyography was compatible with a motor demyelinating polyneuropathy, confirming the diagnosis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Management with five sessions of plasma exchange was prescribed, with favorable clinical results. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory tests confirmed the Guillain-Barré syndrome and the time elapsed from the date of the vaccine administration to the appearance of initial symptoms, added to the absence of other causes, and allowed to establish that the disease was caused by the vaccination.

Rare diseases mortality in Colombia, 2008-2013

Introduction: Rare diseases are characterized by their low prevalence, often of genetic origin, degenerative and life threatening. Objective: To describe mortality by orphan diseases and to analyze its trends in Colombia from 2008 to 2013. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study to analyze mortality rate trends from the death certificates between 2008 and 2013. We calculated specific mortality rates and adjusted by age and sex. Results: Seven thousand one hundred and thirty five deaths were attributed to orphan diseases, and 51.4 % of them occurred among men of all ages. The mean mortality rate during the study period was 2.53 deaths per 100,000 people. Overall, the trend showed an increasing pattern of mortality although very heterogeneous across the country. Mortality rates were higher in Bogotá (20), and the Andes and the Caribbean regions (5.3 and 3.7 deaths per 100,000 population). The five most important causes of mortality among men were: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, muscular dystrophy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia originating in the perinatal period, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and gastroschisis, and among women: multiple sclerosis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gastroschisis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia originating in the perinatal period, Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The mean mortality rate by acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 0.17 deaths per 100,000 men younger than 15 years and that of multiple sclerosis was 0.16 in women over 40 years of age. Conclusion: The causes of death showed a similar pattern in both sexes. However, the burden of mortality was higher among men of all ages in Bogota.

Mortalidad por enfermedades huérfanas en Colombia, 2008-2013 / Rare diseases mortality in Colombia, 2008-2013

Resumen Introducción. Las enfermedades huérfanas caracterizadas por su baja prevalencia, comúnmente son de origen genético y degenerativo, y amenazan la vida. Objetivo. Describir la mortalidad por enfermedades huérfanas y analizar la tendencia en Colombia entre 2008 y 2013. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo. Se analizó la tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad a partir de los certificados de defunción entre el 2008 y el 2013. Se calcularon las tasas específicas de mortalidad y las ajustadas por edad y sexo. Resultados. Se atribuyeron 7.135 defunciones a enfermedades huérfanas; 51,4 % ocurrieron en hombres de todas las edades. La tasa media de mortalidad fue de 2,53 muertes por 100.000 personas. La tendencia mostró un patrón de ascenso, aunque muy heterogéneo, en el territorio nacional. Las mayores tasas de mortalidad por 100.000 habitantes se registraron en Bogotá (20,0), la región Andina (5,3) y la Caribe (3,7). Las principales causas de muerte en hombres fueron: leucemia linfoblástica aguda, distrofia muscular, displasia broncopulmonar originada en el periodo perinatal, esclerosis múltiple, síndrome de Guillain-Barréy gastrosquisis, y en mujeres, esclerosis múltiple, leucemia linfoide aguda, gastrosquisis, displasia broncopulmonar originada en el periodo perinatal, síndrome de Guillain-Barré y leucemia mieloide aguda. La tasa media de mortalidad por leucemia linfoblástica aguda fue de 0,17 por 100.000 hombres menores de 15 años, y la de mortalidad por esclerosis múltiple fue de 0,16 en mujeres mayores de 40 años. Conclusiones. Las causas de muerte mostraron un comportamiento similar en ambos sexos; sin embargo, la mayor carga de mortalidad se registró en la población masculina de todas edades en Bogotá.

Abstract Introduction: Rare diseases are characterized by their low prevalence, often of genetic origin, degenerative and life threatening. Objective: To describe mortality by orphan diseases and to analyze its trends in Colombia from 2008 to 2013. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study to analyze mortality rate trends from the death certificates between 2008 and 2013. We calculated specific mortality rates and adjusted by age and sex. Results: Seven thousand one hundred and thirty five deaths were attributed to orphan diseases, and 51.4 % of them occurred among men of all ages. The mean mortality rate during the study period was 2.53 deaths per 100,000 people. Overall, the trend showed an increasing pattern of mortality although very heterogeneous across the country. Mortality rates were higher in Bogotá (20), and the Andes and the Caribbean regions (5.3 and 3.7 deaths per 100,000 population). The five most important causes of mortality among men were: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, muscular dystrophy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia originating in the perinatal period, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and gastroschisis, and among women: Multiple sclerosis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gastroschisis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia originating in the perinatal period, Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The mean mortality rate by acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 0.17 deaths per 100,000 men younger than 15 years and that of multiple sclerosis was 0.16 in women over 40 years of age. Conclusion: The causes of death showed a similar pattern in both sexes. However, the burden of mortality was higher among men of all ages in Bogota.

Trends and characteristics of fetal and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies, Colombia 1999-2008.

OBJECTIVE: To describe fetal and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies in Colombia. METHODS: We analyzed all fetal and neonatal deaths due to a congenital anomaly registered with the Colombian vital statistics system during 1999-2008. RESULTS: The registry included 213,293 fetal deaths and 7,216,727 live births. Of the live births, 77,738 (1.08%) resulted in neonatal deaths. Congenital anomalies were responsible for 7321 fetal deaths (3.4% of all fetal deaths) and 15,040 neonatal deaths (19.3% of all neonatal deaths). The fetal mortality rate due to congenital anomalies was 9.9 per 10,000 live births and fetal deaths; the neonatal mortality rate due to congenital anomalies was 20.8 per 10,000 live births. Mortality rates due to congenital anomalies remained relatively stable during the study period. The most frequent fatal congenital anomalies were congenital heart defects (32.0%), central nervous system anomalies (15.8%), and chromosomal anomalies (8.0%). Risk factors for fetal and neonatal death included: male or undetermined sex, living in villages or rural areas, mother's age >35 years, low and very low birthweight, and <28 weeks gestation at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital anomalies are an important cause of fetal and neonatal deaths in Colombia, but many of the anomalies may be preventable or treatable.

[Geographic distribution of perinatal mortality due to congenital malformations in Colombia, 1999-2008: An analysis of vital statistics data].

INTRODUCTION: During 2012, 13% of the deaths worldwide in children under the age of 28 days were due to congenital malformations. In Colombia, congenital malformations are the second leading cause of infant mortality. Objective: To determine the geographical distribution of extended perinatal mortality due to congenital malformations in Colombia between 1999 and 2008. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. We revised all death certificates issued between 1999 and 2008. We defined perinatal mortality as fetal or non-fetal deaths within the first 28 days after delivery in children with body weight ≥500 grams, and congenital malformations according to ICD-10 diagnostic codes Q000 - Q999. The annual birth projection was used as the denominator. We defined high mortality areas due to congenital malformations as those in the 90th percentile. Results: We recorded 22,361 perinatal deaths due to congenital malformations. The following provinces exceeded the 90th perinatal mortality percentile: Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Huila, Quindío, Bogotá, Valle del Cauca and Guainía. Among the municipalities, the highest perinatal mortality rates were found in Giraldo, Ciudad Bolívar, Riosucio, Liborina, Supía, Alejandría, Sopetrán, San Jerónimo, Santa Fe de Antioquia and Marmato (205.81 and 74.18 per 10.000 live births).The perinatal mortality rate due to malformations of the circulatory system was 28.1 per 10.000 live births, whereas the rates for central nervous system defects and chromosomal abnormalities were 13.7 and 7.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Andean region showed high perinatal mortality rates due to congenital malformations. There is an urgent need to identify possible risk factors of perinatal mortality and implement successive prevention programs in that particular region.

Mortalidad en menores de cinco años debida a lesiones causadas por el tránsito, Colombia, 2005-2009 / Road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia, 2005-2009

Introducción. En los últimos años las muertes relacionadas con accidentes de tránsito han aumentado a nivel mundial; durante 2007, la tasa de mortalidad en Colombia fue de 11,7 por 100.000. Objetivo. Describir la tendencia de las muertes causadas por tránsito en niños menores de cinco años para brindar información de soporte a las acciones de prevención, control e intervención. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal descriptivo de las muertes en niños menores de cinco años registradas en las estadísticas vitales del 2005 al 2009 bajo las causas correspondientes a los códigos V000 al V999 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, décima versión. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo, se calcularon las tasas con proyecciones del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), y se establecieron los niveles de riesgo por departamentos y municipios (percentiles) y por conglomerados. Se utilizaron los programas Excel ® , PASW statistics18 ® y EpiInfo ® , para levantar los mapas. Resultados. Se presentaron 713 muertes por lesiones debidas a accidentes de tránsito (0,8 % de ellas en el grupo de edad del estudio); el promedio anual fue de 142,6 (pasó de 159 en 2005 a 136 en 2009). La tasa nacional fue de 3,3 por 100.000, siendo mayor en niños entre uno y cuatro años de edad (3,5 por 100.000) que en el grupo de menores de un año (2,6). La mayor proporción de eventos ocurrió en enero (9,7 %) y julio (10,6 %) y durante los fines de semana (16 %), y fue más elevada en niños. Los departamentos de Meta, Boyacá, Arauca, Norte de Santander y Cundinamarca superaron la tasa nacional. De los 292 conglomerados establecidos (26 % de los municipios), se mantuvieron estables Armenia, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cúcuta, Medellín, Pereira, San Andrés de Tumaco, Tunja y Villavicencio. Conclusiones. Los niños fueron el grupo más afectado, y los casos aumentaron en épocas en que no estaban en la escuela, tendencia que se acentuó en zonas turísticas y comerciales.

Introduction : Road traffic deaths have increased during the past years worldwide. During 2007, the mortality due to road traffic accidents in children under the age of five was 11.7 per 100,000 in Colombia. Objective: To describe the trend of road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia from 2005 to 2009. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross - sectional study of death certificates in children under the age of five as registered in the official vital statistics records from 2005 to 2009 (ICD-10, codes V000-V999). We made a descriptive analysis, calculated mortality rates based on projections by the National Administrative Statistics Department and we established risk levels by provinces and municipalities (percentiles), as well as by conglomerates using Excel ® , PASW statistics18 ® and EpiInfo ® for the maps. Results: All in all, 713 road traffic deaths occurred from 2005 to 2009 in children under the age of five corresponding to 0.8% of total deaths in that age group. The total number of road traffic deaths decreased from 2005 (159 deaths) to 2009 (136 deaths). The mean national death rate due to road traffic accidents was 3.3 per 100,000 with a higher rate among one to four year-old children (3.5/100,000) compared to children under the age of one (2.6/100,000). The highest prevalence of road traffic deaths was observed in January (9.7%) and July (10.6%). The provinces with the highest road traffic death rate were Meta, Boyacá, Arauca, Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca. Conclusions: Children were the group mostly affected by the event, which increased during school holidays and was more pronounced in tourist and commercial areas.

[Road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia, 2005-2009]. / Mortalidad en menores de cinco años debida a lesiones causadas por el tránsito, Colombia, 2005-2009.

INTRODUCTION: Road traffic deaths have increased during the past years worldwide. During 2007, the mortality due to road traffic accidents in children under the age of five was 11.7 per 100,000 in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the trend of road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia from 2005 to 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross - sectional study of death certificates in children under the age of five as registered in the official vital statistics records from 2005 to 2009 (ICD-10, codes V000-V999). We made a descriptive analysis, calculated mortality rates based on projections by the National Administrative Statistics Department and we established risk levels by provinces and municipalities (percentiles), as well as by conglomerates using Excel ® , PASW statistics18 ® and EpiInfo ® for the maps. RESULTS: All in all, 713 road traffic deaths occurred from 2005 to 2009 in children under the age of five corresponding to 0.8% of total deaths in that age group. The total number of road traffic deaths decreased from 2005 (159 deaths) to 2009 (136 deaths). The mean national death rate due to road traffic accidents was 3.3 per 100,000 with a higher rate among one to four year-old children (3.5/100,000) compared to children under the age of one (2.6/100,000). The highest prevalence of road traffic deaths was observed in January (9.7%) and July (10.6%). The provinces with the highest road traffic death rate were Meta, Boyacá, Arauca, Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca. CONCLUSIONS: Children were the group mostly affected by the event, which increased during school holidays and was more pronounced in tourist and commercial areas.