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1.
Parasit Vectors ; 10(1): 241, 2017 May 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28514953

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The United Kingdom is considered free of autochthonous transmission of canine babesiosis although cases are reported in dogs associated with recent travel abroad. During the winter months of 2015/16, a cluster of cases of disease in dogs with signs suggestive of canine babesiosis were reported in Harlow, Essex. METHODS: Babesia species were detected in dog blood samples by Giemsa staining of blood smears and by pan-piroplasm PCRs. Babesia species were also detected in extracts of tick DNA using pan-piroplasm PCRs. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was used to confirm the species of Babesia present in dog blood and tick samples. Tick species were identified by PCR-sequencing based on amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (cox1) gene. Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were sampled from field sites in England and Wales. RESULTS: Blood smear analysis on samples taken from some of the affected dogs confirmed the presence of a large Babesia species within erythrocytes. A tick recovered from one of these cases was identified as Dermacentor reticulatus, a species with a limited distribution in England and Wales, but a known vector of canine babesiosis in continental Europe. Babesia canis was subsequently identified in blood samples obtained from three clinical cases (all dogs) within the area and from ticks associated with these dogs. A field survey detected 17 adult D. reticulatus ticks from one area visited by the affected dogs. Fourteen of these ticks were shown to be positive for the B. canis parasite, implicating them as a potential source for babesiosis in Harlow. In order to assess whether the parasite is present in more than one tick population, D. reticulatus ticks from across England and Wales were screened for the presence of Babesia species. In addition to the Harlow site, a further five locations where D. reticulatus is present were screened for Babesia species. Babesia was not detected from most sites tested but one tick from a single location in Wales was positive for B. canis. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with B. canis was confirmed in a number of dogs in Harlow, Essex, with no history of travel outside of the country. The same pathogen was identified in field-caught D. reticulatus ticks in the same area and is considered the likely source of infection. This highlights the need for vigilance by veterinary surgeons for future outbreaks of tick-borne disease in dogs.


Asunto(s)
Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Garrapatas/parasitología , Animales , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/ultraestructura , Babesiosis/sangre , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/transmisión , Dermacentor/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estaciones del Año , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Reino Unido/epidemiología
2.
Parasitology ; 144(2): 237-247, 2017 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28145217

RESUMEN

Reports of Calicophoron daubneyi infecting livestock in Europe have increased substantially over the past decade; however, there has not been an estimate of its farm level prevalence and associated risk factors in the UK. Here, the prevalence of C. daubneyi across 100 participating Welsh farms was recorded, with climate, environmental and management factors attained for each farm and used to create logistic regression models explaining its prevalence. Sixty-one per cent of farms studied were positive for C. daubneyi, with herd-level prevalence for cattle (59%) significantly higher compared with flock-level prevalence for sheep (42%, P = 0·029). Co-infection between C. daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica was observed on 46% of farms; however, a significant negative correlation was recorded in the intensity of infection between each parasite within cattle herds (rho = -0·358, P = 0·007). Final models showed sunshine hours, herd size, treatment regularity against F. hepatica, the presence of streams and bog habitats, and Ollerenshaw index values as significant positive predictors for C. daubneyi (P < 0·05). The results raise intriguing questions regarding C. daubneyi epidemiology, potential competition with F. hepatica and the role of climate change in C. daubneyi establishment and its future within the UK.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Fasciola hepatica , Paramphistomatidae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Heces/parasitología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Gales/epidemiología
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