RESUMEN
In this paper we discuss the ongoing colonial relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada with a consideration of how to align the principles and core values of community psychology in relation to Indigenous rights, decolonization, and social justice. In working with Community Psychology values to address issues of social justice it is necessary to recognize that empowerment alone is only one half of the solution. While our discipline focuses on oppression and the empowerment of vulnerable and disenfranchised populations we generally fail to consider the relational aspects of power and justice. Specifically, in recognizing power inequities the focus is often placed on empowerment among vulnerable or subjugated communities while neglecting the requisite counterbalance of consciousness-raising and de-powerment of dominant populations. The authors provide three personal accounts from a non-Indigenous faculty member, an Indigenous doctoral student, and a recently graduated non-Indigenous Masters student. We share our experiences of conscientization and decolonization within the post-secondary and graduate education systems. We describe an educational context, a pedagogical praxis, and our efforts to bridge the theories of Settler colonialism and community psychology. From our individual and collective reflections of engagement with decolonization in the education system we present an emergent framework that highlights four principles for decolonization. In implementing these principles we discuss the co-creation of safe(r), decolonized spaces within post-secondary institutions through deconstructing dominant narratives and illuminating Indigenous narratives of self-determination with attention to the de-powerment of non-Indigenous faculty and students.
Asunto(s)
Colonialismo , Grupos de Población , Seguridad , Universidades , Canadá , Humanos , Poder Psicológico , Psicología SocialRESUMEN
Participatory health research involves a wide spectrum of participation from the population of study. We describe the participatory research processes of a large mixed method study on the psychosocial impact of dragon boating in individuals with breast cancer. In particular, we discuss the involvement of a Community Advisory Group (consisting of five breast cancer patients/survivors) in the development of the research study, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of the study results. We also outline the elements of a research workshop, in which 13 breast cancer patients/survivors were involved in the development of a provincial survey for the study. The purpose of this article is to share our experience of engaging cancer patients/survivors in a participatory research study. We discuss the value-based elements of participatory research (power sharing, voice and respect, reciprocity, and mutual benefit), and provide a case-based example of how these participatory elements were employed to potentially increase the validity of the survey instrument, to enhance the ethics of working with a cancer population, and ultimately contributed to a high survey response rate.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/rehabilitación , Investigación Participativa Basada en la Comunidad/ética , Conducta Cooperativa , Ética en Investigación , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Participación del Paciente , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional/ética , Comités Consultivos/ética , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Recolección de Datos/ética , Educación/ética , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Ontario , Satisfacción del Paciente , Proyectos Piloto , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sobrevivientes/psicologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Anatomic considerations are often critical in multidisciplinary cancer care. We developed an anatomy-focused educational program for radiation oncology residents integrating cadaver dissection into the didactic review of diagnostic, surgical, radiologic, and treatment planning, and herein assess its efficacy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Monthly, anatomic-site based educational modules were designed and implemented during the 2008-2009 academic year at Duke University Medical Center. Ten radiation oncology residents participated in these modules consisting of a 1-hour didactic introduction followed by a 1-hour session in the gross anatomy lab with cadavers prepared by trained anatomists. Pretests and posttests were given for six modules, and post-module feedback surveys were distributed. Additional review questions testing knowledge from prior sessions were integrated into the later testing to evaluate knowledge retention. Paired analyses of pretests and postests were performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Ninety tests were collected and scored with 35 evaluable pretest and posttest pairs for six site-specific sessions. Posttests had significantly higher scores (median percentage correct 66% vs. 85%, p<0.001). Of 47 evaluable paired pretest and review questions given 1-3 months after the intervention, correct responses rates were significantly higher for the later (59% vs. 86%, p=0.008). Resident course satisfaction was high, with a median rating of 9 of 10 (IQR 8-9); with 1 being "less effective than most educational interventions" and 10 being "more effective than most educational interventions." CONCLUSIONS: An integrated oncoanatomy course is associated with improved scores on post-intervention tests, sustained knowledge retention, and high resident satisfaction.
Asunto(s)
Anatomía/educación , Disección/educación , Oncología por Radiación/educación , Enseñanza/métodos , Cadáver , Curriculum , Humanos , Internado y Residencia , North Carolina , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Retención en PsicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The experiences that marginalized breast cancer populations have in common are rarely considered. METHODS: The authors look across 3 qualitative studies to explore the experiences of older, lower-income, and Aboriginal women diagnosed with cancer and treated by the cancer care system in Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: The research examines critical moments in participants' narratives that parallel one another and are categorized within 2 themes: Not Getting Cancer Care and Not Getting Supportive Care. CONCLUSIONS: Although exploratory, the findings merit attention both for what they tell us about women's experiences, and because they suggest disparities in access to treatment and psychosocial support.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/psicología , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Indígenas Norteamericanos/psicología , Inuk/psicología , Salud de la Mujer , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/etnología , Canadá , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/etnología , Humanos , PobrezaRESUMEN
Much research has shown the benefits of additional anatomical learning and dissection beyond the first year of medical school human gross anatomy, all the way through postgraduate medical training. We have developed an interactive method for teaching eye and orbit anatomy to medical students in their ophthalmology rotation at Duke University School of Medicine. We provide review lectures on the detailed anatomy of the adult human eye and orbit as well as the developmental anatomy of the eye. These lectures are followed by a demonstration of the anatomy of the orbit using conventional frontal and superior exposures on a prosected human cadaver. The anatomy is projected onto a large LCD screen using a mounted overhead camera. Following a brief lecture on clinically relevant anatomy, each student then dissects a fresh porcine (pig) eye under low magnification using a dissecting microscope. These dissections serve to identify structures extrinsic to the eyeball, including extraocular muscle attachments, small vessels, optic nerve stalk, and fascial sheath of the eyeball (Tenon's fascia). Dissection then shifts to the internal anatomy of the eyeball. The size and anatomy of the porcine eye is comparable with that of the human and the dissection provides students with a valuable hands-on learning opportunity that is otherwise not available in embalmed human cadavers. Students and clinical faculty feedback reveal high levels of satisfaction with the presentation of anatomy and its scheduling early during the ophthalmology clerkship.
Asunto(s)
Anatomía/educación , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Oftalmología/educación , Estudiantes de Medicina , Animales , Cadáver , Curriculum , Disección/educación , Evaluación Educacional , Humanos , Modelos Animales , Modelos Educacionales , Satisfacción Personal , Desarrollo de Programa , PorcinosRESUMEN
The authors investigated the psychosocial impact of dragon boat participation on women who have been treated for breast cancer. Open-ended qualitative interviews were completed by 10 new members recruited from two breast cancer survivor dragon boat teams. Our findings indicate that the women's experience of survivor dragon boating surpassed their expectations and offered them hope and increased strength and the ability to regain control of their lives. Key themes emerging from the in-depth interviews that encapsulate the experiences of women in their first season of dragon boating follow: awakening of the self, common bond, regaining control, being uplifted, and transcending the fear of death. The interview data support the emerging hypothesis that dragon boating is a vehicle for improving women's wellness and post-treatment quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Neoplasias de la Mama/rehabilitación , Calidad de Vida , Deportes , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Narración , Ontario , Autocuidado/métodos , Autoimagen , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The American Dental Education Association recently reported that the growing shortage of qualified faculty in dental hygiene education programs has reached a crisis situation. The authors hypothesized that Canadian dental hygiene programs will face a similar shortage. However, a review of the literature identified no studies that investigated Canadian dental hygiene faculty shortages. To address this gap in knowledge, a twenty-three-item descriptive survey and cover letter were mailed to the director of each Canadian school of dental hygiene (N=31) in spring 2003. The survey and letter were translated into French for francophone (French-speaking) schools. Follow-up telephone calls were made to nonrespondent programs. Survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The response rate was 84 percent. Results revealed that 20 percent of schools had sought to fill empty faculty positions within the year and 47 percent of full-time faculty were forty-nine years or older. Within the next two years, 24 percent of dental hygiene programs in Canada will have full-time faculty positions available, growing to 40 percent within the next five years. Respondents indicated that they preferred faculty to hold a credential above the diploma whether teaching full-time (92 percent) or part-time (88 percent). Other required qualifications included previous teaching experience, current clinical experience, and eligibility for licensure in the province for teaching in Canadian dental hygiene programs.
Asunto(s)
Higienistas Dentales/educación , Docentes/provisión & distribución , Escuelas para Profesionales de Salud , Adulto , Canadá , Habilitación Profesional , Docentes/normas , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
In collaboration with a Community Advisory Group we examined the impact of the 1998 Swissair Flight 111 disaster on volunteer responders and surrounding communities. We conducted qualitative interviews and administered a set of structured questionnaires to 13 volunteer disaster workers and conducted a focus group with community leaders. Community silence and limited help-seeking behaviour were typical reactions to the SA 111 disaster. The nature and duration of the disaster response efforts contributed to a probable 46 per cent PTSD rate in the community volunteers. Community-based, culturally appropriate followup, as well as the development of volunteer protocols for future disaster response efforts, are necessary to minimize long-term health impacts and to promote resilience among community residents and volunteers exposed to a major disaster.
Asunto(s)
Aviación , Conducta Cooperativa , Desastres , Características de la Residencia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Voluntarios , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Muestreo , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
We investigated the effects of the 1998 Swissair Flight 111 (SA 111) disaster on a variety of indices of alcohol use among volunteer responders. We retrospectively administered standardized questionnaires and a semi-structured interview to 13 volunteer disaster workers recruited from the community. According to the interview, 54% of the volunteers were exposed to human remains. According to Modified Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Scale responses, 46% met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Frequency and severity of PTSD symptoms, but not human remains exposure, per se, were positively correlated with coping-motivated drinking (but not social or mood enhancement drinking) and with alcohol use to forget. The re-experiencing and hyper-arousal PTSD symptom dimensions showed the strongest and most consistent correlations with the alcohol use indices. We discuss ways in which the information gleaned from this sample can be used to improve disaster response planning to minimize the probability of maladaptive coping drinking among volunteers.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Aviación/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Explosiones , Trabajo de Rescate , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Voluntarios/psicología , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Canadá , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SuizaRESUMEN
On September 2nd, 1998 Swissair Flight 111 crashed in Saint Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia. Surrounding coastal communities were immediately transformed into disaster response sites. Sixteen community health professionals were interviewed that identified several types of individual and community exposure, including exposure to human remains. The interviews revealed that the coastal communities have responded with silence and stoicism. This silence has been viewed by some health professionals as resilience. The interface of a major disaster, community silence, low help-seeking behaviours, and limited disaster health responses raises the critical question whether this is a profile of resilience or a community silently enduring.