RESUMEN
Neurodegenerative disease is a debilitating and incurable condition that affects millions of people around the world. The loss of functions or malfunctions of neural cells are the causes of mortality. A proteosome inhibitor, MG132, is well known to cause neurodegeneration in vitro when model neuronal-derived cell lines are exposed to it. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, which has been used to treat tapeworm infections for more than 50 years, has recently attracted renewed attention in drug repurposing because it has been found to be a good candidate in many drug development screenings. We recently found that all markers of MG132-induced neuronal cell toxicity, including the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, were prevented by the presence of niclosamide. In addition, niclosamide was shown to enhance autophagy induced by MG132. There results suggested that niclosamide could act as a neuroprotective agent. In the present study, niclosamide derivatives were synthesized, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) were determined with respect to protein ubiquitination induced by MG132 and effect on cell survival signaling pathways for neuroprotective function. Our results indicate that phenol OH plays a significant role in neuroprotective activity while the niclosamide derivatives without Cl (5- or 2'-Cl) showed almost the same neuroprotective effect. 4'-NO2 can be replaced by N3 or CF3 whereas NH2 significantly decreased activity. These findings provide guidance for the development of new niclosamide analogues against neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
Asunto(s)
Neuroblastoma , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Humanos , Niclosamida/farmacología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neuroblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , ApoptosisRESUMEN
Mexican Americans living in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The US-Mexico border frontier has a unique blended culture of American lifestyle and Mexican traditions. Some examples of the cultural traditions are the food and the use of herbal medicine, but these traditions are in danger of disappearing after a very short number of generations living in the United States. This article describes the use of animal models under experimental conditions to solve practical questions (etiology or treatment). We performed studies with murine (ie, mouse and rat) models to elucidate the characteristics of medicinal plants that modulate glucose metabolism and inflammation and protect from bone loss, complications related to T2D. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley researchers also have collaborated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio researchers in performing studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) (ie, baboon) to understand the effect of T2D and diets on organs and tissues. With the new knowledge gained from the use of animal models (murine and NHP), new therapies are discovered for the prevention and treatment of T2D and its related complications, such as bone loss and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which the Mexican American and other human populations are at high risk of developing.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Americanos Mexicanos , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Animales , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnología , Ratones , Ratas , Texas , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , México/etnologíaRESUMEN
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumor for which the development of efficacious chemotherapeutic agents remains an urgent need. The anti-helminthic drug niclosamide, which has long been in use to treat tapeworm infections, has recently attracted renewed interest due to its apparent anticancer effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo cancer models. However, the mechanism(s) of action remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that niclosamide induced cell toxicity in human glioblastoma cells corresponding with increased protein ubiquitination, ER stress and autophagy. In addition, niclosamide treatment led to down-regulation of Wnt/ß-catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and STAT3 pro-survival signal transduction pathways to further reduce U-87 MG cell viability. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the glioblastoma suppressive capabilities of niclosamide, showing that niclosamide can target multiple major cell signaling pathways simultaneously to effectively promote cell death in U-87 MG cells. Niclosamide constitutes a new prospect for a therapeutic treatment against human glioblastoma.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Niclosamida/farmacología , Ubiquitinación , Antihelmínticos/química , Apoptosis , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cadaverina/análogos & derivados , Cadaverina/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
A one-pot synthesis of benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones from 1,4-naphthoquinone with α-aminoacetals has been developed. This method provides a straightforward synthesis of benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones via intramolecular nucleophilic attack of aminoquinones to aldehydes under mild reaction conditions. The detailed mechanism was also investigated.
RESUMEN
Here, we tested seven 2-acylated-1,4-hydronaphthoquinones for their cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer lymphoma/leukemia cells and compared to a non-cancer origin cell line. Several naphthohydroquinones exhibited selective cytotoxic effects on lymphoma/leukemia cells with lowest activity on non-cancer cells. The mode of cell death induced by an acylated naphthohydroquinone, which has a long alkyl chain, was found to be via apoptosis. Furthermore, the naphthohydroquinone provoked mitochondria depolarization and activation of its downstream effector, caspase-3, thus implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as its mechanism to exert cell death.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Hidroquinonas/farmacología , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Hidroquinonas/síntesis química , Hidroquinonas/química , Leucemia/patología , Linfoma/patología , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Readily prepared Ni(II)-bis[(R,R)-N,N'-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2) was shown to catalyze the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes at room temperature in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The two diamine ligands in this system each play a distinct role: one serves as a chiral ligand to provide stereoinduction in the addition step while the other functions as a base for substrate enolization. Ligand modification within the catalyst was also investigated to facilitate the reaction of aliphatic nitroalkenes, 1,3-diketones, and beta-ketoacids. Ni(II)-bis[(R,R)-N,N'-di-p-bromo-benzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2) was found to be an effective catalyst in these instances. Furthermore, monodiamine complex, Ni(II)-[(R,R)-N,N'-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2), catalyzed the addition reaction in the presence of water. The proposed model for stereochemical induction is shown to be consistent with X-ray structure analysis.
Asunto(s)
Alquenos/química , Diaminas/química , Cetonas/química , Níquel/química , Nitrocompuestos/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Catálisis , Ligandos , Modelos Moleculares , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
Zirconocene-alkyne complexes prepared from Cp2ZrBu2, phosphines and alkynes reacted with CO to give double carbonylation products, 4-hydroxycyclobuten-1-one derivatives after hydrolysis.
Asunto(s)
Alquinos/química , Carbono/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Circonio/química , Monóxido de Carbono/química , Hidrólisis , Indicadores y Reactivos , LigandosRESUMEN
Two one-pot multicomponent synthetic methods for highly substituted indenes are described. The intermolecular coupling of aromatic ketones with alkynes on low-valent zirconocene species generates oxazirconacyclopentenes, which upon hydrolysis with 20% HCl for 3 h afforded indene derivatives in good to excellent yields. Similarly, the pair-selective coupling of two identical or different alkynes bearing at least one aromatic substituent formed zirconacyclopentadienes. Quenching of the reaction mixture with concentrated H(2)SO(4) also results in the formation of highly substituted indenes in high yields.