Neurological outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurring in Tokyo train and subway stations.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between the background environment, bystander and emergency medical services intervention, and favourable neurological outcomes (CPC1-2) one-month after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurred at Tokyo train and subway stations. METHODS: This retrospective observational study used OHCA data between 2014 and 2018 that occurred at train stations in Tokyo. The eligible 954 patients were analysed for correlation between background, time frame, and location. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate factors associated with CPC1-2 in patients with cardiogenic OHCA. RESULTS: A total of 886 OHCA cases, cardiogenic (n=562) and non-cardiogenic (n=324), met the inclusion criteria. Of the cardiogenic cases, 71.9% occurred at the platform and on-a-train. One-month CPC1-2 was achieved in 32.0% of cardiogenic OHCAs, which included 47.3% during morning rush hour, 24.7% during daytime hours, 40.2% during evening rush hour, and 20.5% during night-time/early morning hours. CPC1-2 had significant correlation with morning rush hour (adjusted odds ratio [AOR],4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-18.78), evening rush hour (AOR, 6.85; 95% CI, 1.51-31.15), public access defibrillation (AOR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.38-19.51), and ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (AOR, 7.56; 95% CI, 1.35-42.43). CONCLUSION: A total of 71.9% of cardiogenic OHCAs occurred at platforms and on trains. To improve neurological outcomes of OHCAs at stations, AED installations on train platforms are necessary. Additionally, using artificial intelligence-based platform monitoring for early detection of OHCAs and offering CPR training are required.

Immunohistochemical studies of the uterine cervix after CO2 laser conization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the process of the maturation of cervical epithelium after CO2 laser conization. METHOD: Specimens from the uterine cervix (248) resected from 31 premenopausal females who had hysterectomy after CO2 laser conization were studied with 2 kinds of anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies (PKK-1, KL-1). RESULT: (i) The epithelium covered stroma after 4-6 weeks. (ii) In the normal S-C junction, KL-1 was localized to the middle and upper layers, and PKK-1 to the basal layer. (iii) The staining patterns of KL-1 and PKK-1 in the S-C junctions after conization could be classified into 4 groups according to localization and staining intensity. (iv) The S-C junction appeared normal in all specimens 7 weeks after conization. CONCLUSION: The regenerating epithelium covered the stroma within 4-6 weeks, but resolution of squamous epithelial metaplasia only occurred 7 weeks after conization.

Studies on repair of the uterine cervix after CO2 laser conization with anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies.

Histological repair of the cervical epithelium after CO2 laser conization was studied using resected uterus specimens. (1) Squamous epithelium (ectocervical side) and reserve cells (endocervical side), were seen immediately after conization; (2) HE staining showed that the S-C junction was formed within 4 weeks. (3) Endocervical epithelial repair of the S-C junction tended to be delayed, and the new S-C junction was deeper in the endocervical canal than before conization; (4) The stroma was repaired within 7 weeks, by prompt collagenization.

[Intraperitoneal chemotherapy through implantable injection port in patients with advanced ovarian (or tubal) carcinoma].

A total of 38 cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy through implantable injection port were carried out in 9 patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian (tubal) carcinoma. The combination chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin 100 mg or carboplatin 450 mg, 5-FU 500 mg and OK-432 10 KE was administered every four weeks for a total of six cycles. Clinical response was evaluated after chemotherapy. Of the eight evaluated patients (in one patient chemotherapy is not completed yet), 1 had complete response, 3 partial response, 2 stable disease and 2 progressive disease. Therapy-related toxic effects were moderate, consisting chiefly of myelosuppression that seemed dose limiting.

CO 2 laser conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a comparison with cold knife conization during pregnancy.

Intraoperative and postoperative complications related to CO2 laser conization and cold knife conization were compared. From 1980 to 1984, 66 patients were hospitalized for cold knife conization. The mean operative time was 28.1 minutes, all patients had epidural anesthesia, and the mean time of admission was 6.8 days. Three percent of cases had infections, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 66 ml, and the rate of remaining foci of neoplasia was 18.2%. There were 116 patients hospitalized for CO2 laser conization from 1985 to 1987. The mean operative time was 15.6 minutes, 15.5% of patients had local anesthesia, and the mean time of admission was 0.6 days. No patients had infection or postoperative stenosis, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 75 ml, and 29.5% of patients had remaining foci of neoplasia. There was no significant difference in hemorrhage amounts at hysterectomy after conization using either method. In the 2 pregnant patients, CO2 laser conization could be performed safely and did not affect pregnancy or delivery. Thus in our experience, CO2 laser conization is more effective for clinical diagnosis and treating of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

[Metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma successfully treated by intra-arterial hypertension chemotherapy with CDDP and ADM].

We report a long-term survival case of metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma. A 45-year-old woman with acute abdomen was operated at another hospital. Her uterine histology was endometrial stromal sarcoma. She came to our hospital to treat a metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma. Endometrial stromal sarcomas were found in liver, spleen and lung. Intra-arterial hypertension chemotherapy was repeatedly performed. After this therapy, metastatic legion in the liver and the spleen disappeared on image studies and metastatic lesions in the lung grew smaller.

[Studies on renal dysfunction after intra-arterial hypertensive chemotherapy (CDDP, PEP) for advanced cancer of the uterine cervix--serum.urinary alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin and urinary lysozyme, albumin].

The present study evaluated the degree of renal impairment caused by intra-arterial hypertensive chemotherapy (CDDP, PEP). In 11 cases of advanced cancer of the uterine cervix, serum and urinary levels of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), and urinary albumin (Alb) and lysozyme (LZM) were determined before the chemotherapy and 1,2 and 3 weeks after the therapy. Results are summarized as follows: 1. After intra-arterial chemotherapy, the histological classification was Grade I in 1 case (9.1%), Grade IIa in 2 cases (18.2%), and Grade IIb in 8 cases (72.7%). 2. Serum alpha 1-m and beta 2-m levels remained within the normal range after chemotherapy. 3. Urinary alpha 1-m, beta 2-m and LZM levels exceeded the normal limit between 1 and 2 weeks after the therapy, but thereafter they returned to normal. 4. Urinary Alb was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) between 1 and 2 weeks after therapy, but thereafter it returned to normal. These results suggested that intra-arterial chemotherapy (CDDP 100mg and PEP 40 mg in a dose) was effective for advanced cancer of the cervix and that renal disorders including tubular and glomerular impairment, which are the adverse effects of the therapy, were mild and reversible.

Clinical evaluations of the tumor marker sialyl SSEA-1 antigen for clinical gynecological disease.

Sialyl SSEA-1 antigen (SLX) is a highly specific tumor marker composed of sugar chain antigens that have Lewis X at their terminals and bind to sialic acid. This antigen is rarely detected in normal tissues, and is present in adenocarcinoma and fetal tissues. We studied the clinical usefulness of SLX in gynecological patients and obtained the following results. (1) The antigen was frequently positive in patients with ovarian cancer with a mean of 89.5 +/- 48.3 U/ml (72.8%, 8/11) and in those with endometriosis with a mean of 39.8 +/- 10.3 U/ml (75.0%, 6/8). (2) Among the gynecological malignancies, the percent positivity was low in those with cervical cancer (20.0%, 5/25), endometrial cancer (33.3%, 1/3), and cancer of the fallopian tube (33.3%, 1/3). (3) The antigen was negative in 20 with myoma uteri, 20 normal pregnant women, and 9 nonpregnant healthy women during the follicular, luteal, or menstrual phase. It was negative in 8 of 9 patients with benign ovarian cyst. False negative results were rare. (4) The SLX level was higher in the ascites than in the serum in patients with ovarian cancer and in those with benign ovarian tumors. (5) The serum SLX in patients with ovarian cancer, which was positive before tumor resection, became negative 2 weeks postoperatively. These results suggest that SLX is a tumor marker with a high specificity to adenocarcinoma of the reproductive organs.

Differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer, benign ovarian tumor and endometriosis by a combination assay of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen and CA125 levels.

We used a combination assay of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen (SLX) and CA125 levels, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of this technique for a differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer, benign ovarian tumor and endometriosis. In 82 patients with ovarian tumors, the sera of 20 (64.5%) of 31 with ovarian cancer and 15 (48.4%) of the 31 with endometriosis (endometrial cyst) were positive for both SLX and CA125, but serum SLX level was 5 U/ml or less in these 14 SLX- and CA125-positive patients with endometriosis. The sera of 16 (80.0%) patients with benign ovarian tumor were negative for both tumor markers. The sera of 3 (9.7%) of 31 with ovarian cancer and the sera of 2 (6.5%) of 31 with endometriosis were negative for both markers. The diagnostic accuracy (true positive rate X true negative rate) of the combination assay for ovarian cancer was 49.0% when the cutoff value of the serum SLX was 38 U/ml but improved to 78.5% when the value was set at 50 U/ml. When the cutoff value of serum SLX was set at 50 U/ml and that of serum CA125 at 35 U/ml, 27 of 37 patients who were positive only for CA125 had endometriosis. From the above observations, a combination assay of serum SLX and CA125 is a promising method for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign ovarian tumors. Our results also suggest that to improve the diagnostic accuracy, the cutoff value of the serum SLX level should be 50 U/ml for ovarian tumors alone.

[A comparison between CO2 laser conization and cold knife conization in clinical diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia].

Intraoperative and postoperative complications related to CO2 laser conization and cold knife conization were compared. From 1980 to 1984 66 patients were hospitalized for cold knife conization, the mean operative time was 28.1 minutes, all patients had epidural anesthesia, and the mean time of admission was 6.8 days. Three percent of cases had infections, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 75 ml, and the rate of remaining foci of neoplasia was 18.2%. Meanwhile there were 116 patients hospitalized for CO2 laser conization from 1985 to 1987. The mean operative time was 15.6 minutes, 15.5% of cases had local anesthesia, the mean time of admission was 0.6 days. Zero percent of cases had infections, 0% of cases had postoperative cervical stenosis, the mean intraoperative hemorrhage was 75 ml, and 29.5% of cases had remaining foci of neoplasia. There was no significant difference in hemorrhage amounts at hysterectomy following conization either method. Thus, in our experience, CO2 laser conization is more effective for clinical diagnosis and treating of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

[Studies on pregnancy after CO2 laser conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia].

One hundred and sixteen patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were treated by CO2 laser excisional conization, from 1985 to 1987. All operations in this series were performed in the outpatient unit. 1) In this series, 83.6% (97 out of 116) were patients with CIN and 44.0% (51 out of 116) were patients under the age 39 who can be pregnant. 2) There was no remaining in the 16 materials out of 44 obtained by hysterectomy due to cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS). 3) In our series, 10.3% (6 out of 58) of the women with dysplasia or CIS (surgical margin negative) required two treatments respectively to eradicate their disease from 9 months to 16 months after laser conization. 4) None of 72 women developed postoperative cervical stenosis and cervical infection. 5) Much of the epithelial cover, although originating from columnar cells, became squamous epithelium by 28 days. 6) There were 5 pregnancies in 72 patients, from 5 months to 13 after laser conization. From our studies, a CO2 laser conization for treating CIN preserved the architecture of the cervix, permitting adequate colposcopic and cytological follow-up, and preserved cervical function, so that fertility is not affected and so that there is no interference with pregnancy.

[The cytoimmunological effect of concomitant use of sizofiran (SPG) on advanced uterine cervical cancer treated with radiation].

The immunological effect has been studied of the non-specific immunopotentiator sizofiran (SPG) on patients with advanced uterine cervical cancer treated with radiation. Ten cases (study group: SPG group) were administered weekly 40 mg of SPG throughout the course of radiation and two weekly 40 mg during 12 months after radiotherapy. Nineteen cases (control group) were treated with irradiation alone. The lymphocyte count, the PHA index and the ratio of CD4 cells/CD8 cells were significantly reduced by radiotherapy, being observed the most remarkable decrease at post-radiotherapy. But in SPG group, these decreasing values were significantly smaller than in control group and the values showed a more progressive rise during the 12 month respectively. There was no significant difference in peripheral T lymphocyte; CD3, CD4, CD8. The NK cytotoxic activity showed a progressive rise during the 12 month period following a minimal change after radiotherapy. These results suggest that the SPG have some enhancing effect on the function of the lymphocytes.

[Effects and side effects of hypertensive intra-arterial chemotherapy (CDDP, PEP) in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix].

UNLABELLED: We have been treating advanced cancer of the uterine cervix with intra-arterial cisplatin (CDDP) and pepleomycin (PEP) (injected into the bilateral internal iliac artery), combined with radiotherapy and hysterectomy. Concomitant angiotensin II (AT II) administered by intravenous drip infusion was double the tumoral blood flow and thereby enhanced the efficiency of the intra-arterial chemotherapeutic regimen. But CDDP runs the risk of renal and myelotoxicity, so we studied renal dysfunction after treatment by examining serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), and RBC, Hb, WBC, lymphocyte, and PLT. RESULTS: At 1 week after the treatment, evaluation of the histological effects showed, Grade IIb: 72.7% (8/11 cases). Serum beta 2-m was within normal limit and not changed. Urinary beta 2-m levels increased to abnormal levels at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, and fell to normal levels at 3 weeks after treatment. RBC, Hb, WBC, lymphocyte, and PLT fell most at 3 weeks after treatment and then increased slowly. This suggests that hypertensive intra-arterial chemotherapy (CDDP) impaired kidney and bone marrow, mildly and reversibly, and its appropriate interval is about 4 weeks.

[A case of advanced uterine cervical cancer responsive to continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implanted drug delivery system].

Selective intra arterial hypertensive infusion of CDDP (100 mg) and PEP (40 mg) with angiotensin II was performed in a 64 year-old housewife with inoperable uterine cervical cancer stage IVa and transitional cell cancer of bladder (grade 1-2). PEP at 5 mg/day was also administered for 20 days (total 100 mg) using an implanted Drug Delivery System through the left internal iliac artery combined with irradiation therapy. There were hardly any side effects due to this treatment except for a slight upper digestive tract disturbance and bone marrow suppression, and the cancerous lesion gradually regressed following this treatment. This case suggested the efficacy of intra-arterial infusion using an implanted Drug Delivery System for advanced uterine cervical cancer. There has been no sign of recurrence six months after this treatment.

[Diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer by a combination assay of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen and CA125 levels].

We used a combination assay of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen (SLX) and CA125 levels, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of this technique for a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and follow-up of the patient with ovarian cancer. In 28 patients with ovarian tumors, the sera of 8 (66.7%) of 12 with ovarian cancer and 5 (71.4%) of the 7 with endometriosis (endometrial cyst) were positive for both SLX and CA125, but serum SLX level was 50 U/ml or less in all these 5 SLX-and-CA125 positive patients with endometriosis. The sera of all 9 patients with benign ovarian tumor were negative for both tumor markers. No patient with endometriosis was negative for both markers. The diagnostic accuracy (true positive rate X true negative rate) of the combination assay for ovarian cancer was 50.3% when the cut-off value of the serum SLX was 38 U/ml but improved to 81.8% when the value was set at 50 U/ml. From the above observations, a combination assay of serum SLX and CA125 is promising method for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign ovarian tumors. Our results also suggest that to improve the diagnostic accuracy, the cut-off value of the serum SLX level should be 50 U/ml for ovarian tumors alone. We found following-up two cases of ovarian cancer that the serum SLX level is not affected by the ascites and inflammation. We expect that this combination assay of serum SLX and serum CA125 will be beneficial for diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer.

Doppler color flow mapping of an invasive mole.

We report here Doppler color flow mapping carried out before and after chemotherapy for an invasive mole. This mapping revealed an abnormal color blood flow within the echo-free space in the uterine myometrium, and pulsed Doppler ultrasound showed a prominent arteriovenous shunt flow. Similar features were obtained by pelvic angiography (PAG). After 4 courses of chemotherapy, the area of abnormal colored flow was reduced and findings on the PAG were supportive. The patient is being closely followed, using Doppler color flow mapping.

[Studies of intra-arterial hypertensive chemotherapy with cisplatin and peplomycin in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix--suitable dose of angiotensin II determined by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography].

UNLABELLED: We have been treating advanced cancer of the cervix uteri with intra-arterial cisplatin (CDDP) and peplomycin (PEP) (injected into the bilateral internal iliac artery), combined with radiotherapy and hysterectomy. Concomitant angiotensin II (ATII) administered by intravenous drip infusion was found to double tumoral blood flow and thereby to enhance the efficiency of the intra-arterial chemotherapeutic regimen. In the present study, hypertensive intra-arterial chemotherapy utilizing ATII was administered to a small group of patients with advanced cancer of the cervix uteri while ascertaining the increase in intratumoral blood flow by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography. The subjects were 10 patients with stage IIb or more advanced cancer of the cervix uteri. RESULTS: A 2-fold or greater increase in tumoral blood flow was attained in those patients who showed concurrently a 1.5 fold or greater increase in mean blood pressure and an increase in mean blood pressure to 150mmHg or higher. In 2 patients, ATII infusion failed to raise blood pressure to a therapeutically adequate level. At 1 week after the treatment in question histological evidence indicated unequivocal degenerative changes and necrotic changes in tumor cells. Many plasma cells, lymphocytes + and granulocytes appeared around necrosis changed carcinoma nests.