Effect of oral health education by audio aids, Braille & tactile models on the oral health status of visually impaired children of Bhopal city.

BACKGROUND: Braille is important language for reading & writing for the visually impaired. It helps them understand & visualize the world via touch. Audio aids are being used to impart health education to the visually impaired. Audio aids are useful in being time saving & can be played repeatedly to achieve desired results. Tactile models help them perceive things which they can't visualize & hence are important learning tool. AIM: To evaluate the effect of Oral Health education by Audio aids, Braille & tactile models on the Oral health status of visually impaired children of Bhopal city. MATERIAL & METHODS: Sixty visually impaired children aged 5-18 yrs were selected & randomly divided into three groups (20 children each). Group A: Audio aids + Braille, Group B: Audio aids + tactile models, Group C: Audio aids + Braille + Tactile models. Instructions were given for maintaining good oral hygiene & brushing techniques were explained to all children. After three months time the oral hygiene status was recorded and compared using patient hygiene performance index. RESULTS: The present study showed a decrease in the mean plaque scores (that is increase in mean difference of PHP score) at all time intervals in individual group as compared to the baseline that was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study depicts that the combination of audio, Braille & tactile models is an effective way to provide oral health education & improve Oral health status of visually impaired children.

Impact of oral health education by audio aids, braille and tactile models on the oral health status of visually impaired children of Bhopal City.

CONTEXT: Children with special needs face unique challenges in day-to-day practice. They are dependent on their close ones for everything. To improve oral hygiene in such visually impaired children, undue training and education are required. Braille is an important language for reading and writing for the visually impaired. It helps them understand and visualize the world via touch. Audio aids are being used to impart health education to the visually impaired. Tactile models help them perceive things which they cannot visualize and hence are an important learning tool. AIM: This study aimed to assess the improvement in oral hygiene by audio aids and Braille and tactile models in visually impaired children aged 6-16 years of Bhopal city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty visually impaired children aged 6-16 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups (20 children each). Group A: audio aids + Braille, Group B: audio aids + tactile models, and Group C: audio aids + Braille + tactile models. Instructions were given for maintaining good oral hygiene and brushing techniques were explained to all children. After 3 months' time, the oral hygiene status was recorded and compared using plaque and gingival index. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: ANNOVA test was used. RESULTS: The present study showed a decrease in the mean plaque and gingival scores at all time intervals in individual group as compared to that of the baseline that was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The study depicts that the combination of audio aids, Braille and tactile models is an effective way to provide oral health education and improve oral health status of visually impaired children.

Incidence of impacted third molars: A radiographic study in People's Hospital, Bhopal, India.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the position of impacted third molars based on the classifications of Pell & Gregory and Winter in a sample of Bhopal patients. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective study, up to 1100 orthopantomograms (OPG) of the patients who were reported to the MaxilloFacial Department of PDA and Chowdhary hospital from January 2011 to December 2012 were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 1100 patients, 730 were male and 370 were female patients. Of the 1100 OPGs studied, 3,910 third molars were noticed either impacted or erupted and 490 third molars were missing. The most common angulation of impaction in the mandible was in vertical position (41.4%) followed by mesioangular impaction (33.3%) and the most common angulation of impaction in the maxilla was the vertical (67.4%) which was followed by 15.2% in distoangular impaction. The level of eruption of impacted third molar was found to be 43.9% at level A, 34.8% at level B and 21.3% at level C. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in both the jaws. CONCLUSION: The pattern of third molar impaction in the region of Bhopal is characterized by a high prevalence of impaction, especially in the mandible. The most common angulation was the vertical in the mandible as well as in the maxilla. The most common level of impaction in mandible was level A and in maxilla is level C and there was no any significant difference between the right and left sides in both jaws.

A complex odontoma of the anterior maxilla associated with an erupting canine.

Many developmental anomalies of the jaw are accidentally diagnosed during radiographic investigations for other symptoms. Complex odontomas are odontogenic tumours, relatively rare in the anterior maxilla and generally asymptomatic. Frequently the odontoma may interfere with the eruption of teeth. This paper describes a case of complex odontoma in an 8-year-old girl, which resulted in the palatal displacement of the lateral incisor and an erupting permanent canine. A calcified mass was seen on the radiograph and was provisionally diagnosed as an odontoma which was surgically enucleated. Routine follow-up was carried out for more than 1 year and no recurrence was seen.

Parotid sialolithiasis.

Salivary dysfunction may be due to systemic diseases and medications. The development of sialoliths is a multifactorial event in which disturbance in secretion, microliths and bacteria may play a major role. A case of sialolith in the parotid gland of a 25-year-old man, with no relevant medical history is reported here.

Large ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in an 18-year-old girl and review of literature.

The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a rare, benign, mixed neoplasm composed of proliferating odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchymal tissue and varying degrees of dental hard tissue formation. It occurs exclusively as an intraosseous lesion. It usually exhibits slow growth and is commonly seen in children and young adults. Radiologically, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma appears as a circumscribed radiolucency which may contain radiopaque foci. Most cases of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma exhibit benign behaviour, but cases of malignant transformation have been reported. The treatment modality in most cases involves conservative surgery, but in cases with malignant transformation more radical treatment will be required. A massive ameloblastic fibro-odontoma involving the mandible is being described here with its clinical, radiological and histopathological features.

Idiopathic facial swelling secondary to sickle cell anaemia.

Sickle cell disease is a common inherited autosomal disease that is characterised by abnormally shaped (sickle-shaped) red blood cells (RBCs). It can involve virtually any organ system. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease vary and are classified as vaso-occlusion, chronic anaemia and infection. The imaging appearances of central nervous system and musculoskeletal involvement by sickle cell disease have been well documented; however, involvement of the head and neck region is often unreported, although it is not uncommon. In the head and neck, sickle cell disease can involve the inner ears, orbits, paranasal sinuses, bones, lymph nodes and vessels. This paper describes a case of idiopathic facial swelling associated with sickle cell disease in a young patient.

Platelet-rich plasma in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

PURPOSE: The extraction of mesioangular impacted third molars may cause multiple periodontal defects at the distal root of the second molar. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a material containing many autologous growth factors that may be used in repairing and preventing periodontal complications at the distal root of the second molar adjacent to the extracted third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the effects of autologous PRP on periodontal tissues after extraction of the third molar in 18 young patients (age, 20-30 years). Inclusion criteria were the presence of a pocket distal to the mandibular second molar with a probing depth [3] of 7.5 mm and a probing attachment level [3] of 6 mm. RESULTS: We observed, at 12 weeks after surgery, a notable reduction in the probing depth and an improvement in the probing attachment level in those cases treated with PRP compared with the controls, as well as formation of new bone tissue in the bone defect. CONCLUSION: We showed that PRP is effective in inducing and accelerating bone regeneration for the treatment of periodontal defects at the distal root of the mandibular second molar after surgical extraction of a mesioangular, deeply impacted mandibular third molar.