RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of swim exercise along with consumption of bindii hydroalcoholic extract on memory and the oxidative stress markers in old male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 32 old (400-500 g) and eight young male Wistar rats. The groups included young, old, old bindii (200 mg/kg), old exercise, and old bindii exercise (concurrent swimming training). All interventions were performed within 14 days. The animals' spatial memory was evaluated by the Y maze, radial maze, and shuttle box, Oxidative stress factors were also measured. RESULTS: Compared to the old control group, the bindii extract along with swimming exercise significantly increased the periodic behavior percentage in the Y maze and the delay time in entry into the dark chamber in the shuttle box but no significant difference was seen in the reference memory error in the radial maze. Also, a significant increase in the amount of catalase (CAT) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: These results show that exercise, along with the bindii extract consumption, can improve spatial and avoidance memory in old rats probably through the reduction of oxidative stress effects.
RESUMEN
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of early and late administration of phenylephrine during ischemia against regional ischemia-reperfusion injuries in an isolated rat heart model. All animals were randomly divided into experimental groups: (I) IR (Ischemic/ reperfusion): the hearts underwent 35 min of regional ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion; (II) 5HD-IR-0: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with 5HD (5-hydroxydecanoate, specific mKATP channel blocker, 100 µM) at the onset of regional ischemia; (III) 5HD-IR-20: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with 5HD 20 min after regional ischemia; (IV) PE-IR-10: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with phenylephrine 10 min after regional ischemia; (V) PE-IR-30: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with phenylephrine (100 µM) 30 min after regional ischemia; (VI) PE-5HD-IR-10 group: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with 5HD at the onset of regional ischemia after which phenylephrine was administrated as in group IV; and (VII) PE-5HD-IR-30: the hearts were perfused for 5 min with 5HD 20 min after the ischemia and then phenylephrine was administrated as in group V. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias, myocardial infarct size (IS), creatin kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and coronary blood flow (CBF) were measured in all animals. Perfusion of phenylephrine 30 min after the regional ischemia curtailed the myocardial infarct size, reduced CK-MB, and improved cardiac function and CBF. Administration of 5HD 30 min after the ischemia abolished cardioprotective effects of phenylephrine in the late phase. These results suggest the involvement of mKATP in the mechanism of phenylephrine-induced late preconditioning.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Fenilefrina/análisis , Fenilefrina/efectos adversos , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , ReperfusiónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Exercise and apelin have been shown to increase cardiac function and elicit tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injuries. This study aimed at determining whether the combination of exercise training and apelin pretreatment could integrate the protective effects of each of them in the heart against IR injury. Male rats were divided into four experimental groups: 1: Rats with ischemia/reperfusion (IR), 2: subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks (EX+IR), 3: apelin-13 (10 nmol/kg/day) for 7 days (Apel+IR) in the last week of training, and 4: exercise training plus apelin-13 (EX+Apel+IR). Isolated hearts were perfused using the Langendorff method and subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Treadmill exercise training was conducted for 8 weeks. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias, myocardial infarct size (IS), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured in all animals. Administration of apelin-13 plus exercise increased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) at the end of ischemia and reperfusion compared with other groups. After 30 min of ischemia, dP/dtmax was higher in EX+Apel+IR than in Apel+IR and EX+IR groups. During 30 min ischemia, exercise training, apelin-13 and combined treatment produced a significant reduction in the numbers of premature ventricular complexes. A combination of exercise and apelin-13 also reduced infarct size, CK-MB, LDH and severity of arrhythmia. These results suggest that combined therapies with apelin-13 and exercise training may integrate the beneficial effects of each of them alone on cardiac contractility, arrhythmia and limiting of infarct size. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.
RESUMO Foi demonstrado que o exercício e a apelina aumentam a função cardíaca e induzem a tolerância à lesões por isquemia/reperfusão (IR). O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a combinação de treinamento físico e pré-tratamento com apelidos poderia integrar os efeitos protetores de cada um deles no coração contra a lesão por IR. Ratos machos foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: 1- Ratos com isquemia/ reperfusão (IR), 2- submetidos ao treinamento físico por 8 semanas (EX + IR), 3- apelino-13 (10 nmol / kg / dia) por 7 dias (Apel + IR) na última semana de treinamento, 4- treinamento físico mais apelina-13 (EX + Apel + IR). Corações isolados foram perfundidos pelo método de Langendorff e submetidos à 30 min de isquemia regional, seguida de 60 min de reperfusão. Treino em esteira foi conduzido por 8 semanas. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos foram registrados ao longo do experimento. Arritmias induzidas por isquemia, tamanho do infarto do miocárdio (IS), atividade da isoenzima Creatina Cinase-MB (CK-MB) e lactato desidrogenase plasmática (LDH) foram medidos em todos os animais. A administração de apelin-13 mais exercício aumentou a pressão desenvolvida pelo ventrículo esquerdo (LVDP) no final da isquemia e reperfusão em comparação com outros grupos. Após 30 min de isquemia, dp / dtmax foi maior em EX + Apel + IR do que nos grupos Apel + IR e EX + IR. Durante 30 min isquemia, treinamento físico, apelina-13 e tratamento combinado produziram redução significativa no número de complexos ventriculares prematuros. Combinação de exercício e apelina-13 também reduziu o tamanho do infarto, CK-MB, LDH e gravidade da arritmia. Estes resultados sugerem que terapias combinadas com apelina-13 e treinamento físico podem integrar os efeitos benéficos de cada um deles sozinhos na contratilidade cardíaca, arritmia e limitação do tamanho do infarto. Nível de evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Se ha demostrado que el ejercicio y la apelina aumentan la función cardíaca y provocan tolerancia a las lesiones por isquemia/reperfusión (IR). Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar si la combinación de entrenamiento con ejercicio y pre-tratamiento con apelina podrían integrar los efectos protectores de cada uno de ellos en el corazón frente a la lesión por IR. Los ratones machos se dividieron en cuatro grupos experimentales: 1: ratones con isquemia/reperfusión (IR) 2: sometidos a entrenamiento durante 8 semanas (EX + IR), 3: apelina-13 (10 nmol / kg / día) durante 7 días (Apel + IR) en la última semana de entrenamiento 4: entrenamiento físico más apelina-13 (EX + Apel + IR). Los corazones aislados se perfundieron mediante el método de Langendorff y se sometieron a 30 minutos de isquemia regional, seguidos de 60 minutos de reperfusión. El entrenamiento de la cinta de correr se llevó a cabo durante 8 semanas. Los parámetros hemodinámicos se registraron a lo largo del experimento. Se midieron las arritmias inducidas por isquemia, el tamaño del infarto de miocardio (IS), la isoenzima Creatina Kinase-MB (CK-MB) y las actividades de lactato deshidrogenasa plasmática (LDH) en todos los animales. La administración de ejercicios de apelina-13 plus aumenta la presión desarrollada del ventrículo izquierdo (PDVI) al final de la isquemia y la reperfusión en comparación con otros grupos. Después de 30 min de isquemia, la dp/dt max fue más alta en EX + Apel + IR que en los grupos Apel + IR y EX + IR. Durante la isquemia de 30 minutos, el entrenamiento físico, la apelina-13 y el tratamiento combinado, produjeron una reducción significativa en el número de complejos ventriculares prematuros. La combinación de ejercicio y apelina-13 también redujo el tamaño del infarto, CK-MB, LDH y la gravedad de la arritmia. Estos resultados sugieren que las terapias combinadas con apelina-13 y el entrenamiento físico pueden integrar los efectos beneficiosos de cada uno de ellos solo sobre la contractilidad cardíaca, la arritmia y la limitación del tamaño del infarto. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.