Hematological, biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological changes induced by pyridaben.

The current work examined the genotoxic effects of pyridaben (PDB) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups; the first group was used as a control group; the other three groups were exposed to 19, 28.5, and 57 mg/kg b.w PDB by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters; femoral bone marrow was flushed for chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay and liver samples were used for the analysis of gene expression of IL-6 and Casp-3 as well as histopathological and immunhistochemical investigation for Casp-3. The results showed that PDB exposure lead to non-significant changes in hematological parameters in all PDB administrated groups while malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in 19 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups Also, gene expression of IL-6 and Casp-3 revealed a significant increase in 28.5 and 57 mg/kg PDB doses groups as compared with the control. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow cells in all PDB-exposed groups. The histopathological and immunhistochemical examination showed focal areas of inflammatory cellular infiltration with fibrosis in 57 mg/kg b.w PDB dose group accompanied by the severe positive reaction of caspase3 in the liver.

Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against cymoxanil-mancozeb induced toxicity in rats.

This study was conducted to evaluate the cymoxanil-mancozeb (CM) toxicity and investigate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol (Res) against cymoxanil-mancozeb toxicity. Forty rats were divided into four groups; the first group was used as a control group, the second group was exposed to Res only at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, and the third group was administered CM only at a dose of 799 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, The fourth group was co-treated with Res+CM for 4 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters. The comet assay was done on liver and blood specimens and histopathological examinations of the liver and intestine. The results demonstrated that CM exposure caused a significant increase in WBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT, and total cholesterol and triglycerides levels accompanied by a decrease in HGB, HCT, RBCs and MCV, MCH, MCHC, HDL and glucose levels with no significant DNA damage in liver and blood. CM mixture induced severe pathological changes in small intestine and liver. Co-treatment of Res with CM improved hematological picture, lipid and glucose profiles also liver enzymes and decreased changes in the architecture of the liver and intestine.

Reproductive effects of sulfoxaflor in male Sprague Dawley rats.

The study objective was to evaluate the potential reproductive toxicity of sulfoxaflor (SFX) insecticide in male Sprague Dawley rats. To attain these objectives, forty male Sprague Dawley rats of 10-12 weeks old were randomly divided into four equal groups; the 1st group was used as a control group; the other three groups were exposed to 25, 100, and 500 mg/kg body weight SFX by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Relative testicular weight, testosterone, FSH, LH, MDA, and GPx levels, sperm viability, sperm morphology, sperm DNA damage, and histopathological changes in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesical of these rats were investigated after 4 weeks. The results showed that SFX exposure resulted in a significant increase in FSH, LH, MDA, and GPx levels as well as the percentage of dead and abnormal sperms and DNA damage in rat sperms. Histopathological examination of testes established testicular degeneration with coagulative necrosis as well as the proliferation of interstitial connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells with congestion of intertubular blood vessels in epididymis and degeneration of lining epithelium of seminal vesicles.

Mutagenic effect of imidacloprid insecticide: The ameliorative effect of pre and post exposure to olive oil.

Imidacloprid, a systemic chloro-nicotinyl insecticide belong to neonicotinoid insecticides. In this study 120 rats were divided into four groups, the first group used as a control group, the second group was administered imidacloprid at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg b.w. for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The third group was treated with olive oil (OLO) in a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight for 2 weeks before the oral dose of imidacloprid for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The fourth group was given OLO in a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w. for 2 weeks after exposure to imidacloprid for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Bone marrow was collected for micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations assays. The results revealed that imidacloprid induced a mutagenic effect in the 8th and 12th weeks of exposure and OLO decreased the mutagenic effect of imidacloprid in albino rats but not completely revert them to normal. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Using OLO as a protective or therapeutic agent due to it has an ameliorative effect on mutagenicity induced by IMI.