Investigating the relationship between resilience and professional ethics in nurses: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.

INTRODUCTION: All businesses that deal directly with clients need to observe ethics, but in the nursing profession due to its nature, compliance with professional ethics becomes more necessary. On the other hand, nurses face tensions and difficult conditions in their daily work environment. Resilience is one of the most important abilities of human beings, which in difficult conditions causes effective adaptation to stress-causing factors. Therefore, the relationship between resilience and professional ethics becomes important. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between resilience and professional ethics in nurses of Shahid Ganji Hospital, Borazjan 2022-2023. METHODS: The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study environment was Shahid Ganji Hospital in Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran. The research method of the current study was census, so all 400 nurses of this hospital were invited to participate in the study. Finally, 340 of them were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, Connor-Davidson questionnaire, and Cadozier professional ethics questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS: Most of the participants were between 25 and 30 years old. The average overall score of resilience and professional ethics of nurses participating in the study was 64.1 ± 16.3 and 34.3 ± 9.4, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the demographic characteristics of nurses with resilience and professional ethics. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a statistically significant and inverse relationship between professional ethics and resilience levels (r = -0.265, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated a significant and inverse relationship between professional ethics and resilience among nurses. Furthermore, professional ethics were at a moderate level, while resilience was at a good level. Therefore, it is recommended that enhancing professional ethics skills through the organization of educational workshops for nurses should be considered by nursing managers.

A study of the effects of blended learning on university students' critical thinking: A systematic review.

One of the basic, constructive needs of humans, which plays a major part in their development is critical thinking. As education is one of the factors in shaping individuals' critical thinking, the present study addresses the effects of blended learning and its subcategories on university students' critical thinking (and its subcategories). The present article is a review study. Data were collected using valid search engines and databases. The keywords which were used included blended learning, integrated learning, blended training, integrated training, critical thinking, critical thinking disposition, and critical thinking skills, as well as the subcategories of blended learning, that is, the flex model, the self-blended model, the enriched virtual model, and the rotation model and its subcategories (the station rotation model, the lab rotation model, the flipped classroom model, and the individual rotation model). The results of 14 sources, out of the selected 15 sources, showed that blended learning and its subcategories, that is, the flex model, the self-blended model, the enriched virtual model, and the rotation model and its subcategories contribute to university students' critical thinking of disposition and skill. One of the essential skills which must be given more serious attention in learning in the twenty-first century is critical thinking. Having the benefits of both lecturing and e-learning, blended learning is a more effective and practical method for promoting critical thinking in university students.

Vascular outcomes of early deflation of radial artery band following coronary angiography: A controlled clinical trial.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of early deflation of the transradial (TR) band on the vascular outcomes of patients who have undergone coronary angiography through transradial access (TRA). The present controlled clinical trial included all patients who had undergone elective coronary angiography through TRA. The participants (n=70) met the inclusion criteria and were selected using convenient sampling. Then, they were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, using block randomization. Data collection tools included a questionnaire on demographic and related clinical data, including the history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart failure and vascular disease, and the checklist of post-angiographic complications, including duration of the procedure, systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured before and after the procedure, and assessments of radial artery occlusion (RAO), hematoma and pain. The intervention group had their TR band on the artery for 1.5 hours after the procedure. Then, the cuff of the band was deflated at a speed of 5 cc every 15 minutes, using a syringe. However, the TR band was kept in place for 2 hours in the control group, followed by the deflation with the same speed. The pressure application time was recorded in both groups from the removal of sheaths until complete hemostasis. The patients with early deflation of the TR band experienced less pain compared to those with typical deflation (P=0.003). However, the variables of hematoma development (P=0.062) and RAO (P=0.371) were not significantly different between the patients with typical and early deflation of the TR band. The present study concluded that the patients with early deflation of the TR band experienced less pain compared to those with typical deflation. Therefore, deflating the TR band after cardiac angiography at 1,5 hours has similar efficacy and safety compare to 2 hours and associated with less reported pain score.

Synchronous online lecturing or blended flipped classroom with jigsaw: an educational intervention during the Covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the education system throughout the world. This study aimed to compare synchronous online lecturing with blended flipped classroom plus jigsaw in terms of their effects on the students' learning, communication skills and critical thinking disposition. METHODS: This is an educational intervention conducted at the Nursing and Midwifery School of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Two incoming students of nursing and midwifery were selected by complete enumeration. Then synchronous online lecturing was given to one group (n = 40) and blended flipped classroom and jigsaw to the other (n = 44). After that, given the prevailing conditions, both methods were performed fully online. Then Participants completed an online questionnaire. A researcher-made learning questionnaire, the Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire developed by Fetro, and Ricketts' Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory were used to assess the study variables. RESULTS: The mean learning scores in the blended group were slightly higher but this difference was not significant (P = 0.767). In the blended group, the mean scores of communication skills were significantly higher after the intervention in all the dimensions, except for empathy & intimacy and listening skills. In the online lecture group, there was no significant difference between before and after the intervention. Communication skills (P < 0.001) scored significantly higher in the blended group after the intervention than that in the synchronous online lecturing group in all the dimensions except for empathy & intimacy. In the online lecture group, there was no significant difference in critical thinking disposition between before and after the intervention. In the blended group, the overall score of critical thinking disposition and its dimensions was significantly higher after the intervention (P < 0.001), except for the perfection dimension. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean total score of critical thinking disposition and its dimensions before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Given the global circumstances, the blended method was more effective in promoting learning outcomes and communication skills than synchronous online lectures. Furthermore, it seems that this new approach could improve critical thinking.

Lived Experience of Iranian Family Caregivers of Person with Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Study / Experiencia vivida de los cuidadores familiares de personas con tuberculosis: Un estudio cualitativo / Experiência vivida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com tuberculose: um estudo qualitativo

Objective. To investigate the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with tuberculosis. Methods.In this study, the method of hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine family caregivers of TB patients. The obtained data were thematically analyzed to explain the concept of home care for TB patients through van Manen's 6-step methodology. Results. After the thematic analysis, three main themes of caregivers' mental distresses, quality care stasis, and facilitated care were obtained from 944 primary codes and 11 categories. Conclusion.Family caregivers of these patients suffer from mental distress. This issue affects the quality and ease of caregiving for these patients. Therefore, policymakers of this area should pay attention to the family caregivers of these patients and attempt to provide support; they should try to improve their quality of life.

Objetivo. Investigar la experiencia vivida por los cuidadores familiares de personas con tuberculosos. Métodos. En este estudio se utilizó el método de la fenomenología hermenéutica. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en línea con nueve cuidadores familiares de pacientes con tuberculosis. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron temáticamente para explicar el concepto de atención domiciliaria a los pacientes con TB mediante la metodología de 6 pasos de van Manen. Resultados. Tras el análisis temático, se obtuvieron tres temas principales: angustia mental de los cuidadores, estancamiento de la atención de calidad y facilitación de la atención, a partir de 944 códigos primarios y 11 categorías. Conclusión.Los cuidadores familiares de estos pacientes sufren de distrés sicológico. Este problema afecta la calidad y la facilidad con que se brinda el cuidado. Por lo tanto, los responsables de la política en salud deben prestar atención a los cuidadores familiares de estos pacientes para proporcionarles más apoyo, lo que redundará en una mejoría de su calidad de vida.

Objetivo.Investigar a experiência vivida por cuidadores familiares de pessoas com tuberculose.Métodos.Neste estudo foi utilizado o método da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas online com nove cuidadores familiares de pacientes com tuberculose. Os dados obtidos foram analisados tematicamente para explicar o conceito de atenção domiciliar aos pacientes com TB utilizando a metodologia de 6 etapas de van Manen. Resultado S. Após a análise temática, três temas principais ­ sofrimento mental dos cuidadores, estagnação do cuidado de qualidade e facilitação do cuidado ­ foram derivados de 944 códigos primários e 11 categorias. Conclusão. Os cuidadores familiares desses pacientes sofrem de sofrimento psíquico. Essa questão afeta a qualidade e a facilidade com que os cuidados são prestados a esses pacientes. Portanto, os responsáveis pela política de saúde devem estar atentos aos cuidadores familiares desses pacientes para dar-lhes mais suporte, o que resultará em uma melhora em sua qualidade de vida.

Stress management in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: a qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Being in the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses need to be capable of stress management to maintain their physical and psychological well-being in the face of a variety of stressors. The present study aims to explore the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of stress management in nurses who face and provide care to COVID-19 patients. METHODS: The present study is a qualitative descriptive work that was conducted in teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from June 2020 to March 2021. Sixteen nurses who were in practice in units assigned to COVID-19 patients were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 according to the conventional content analysis method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. RESULTS: The data collected in the interviews resulted in 14 subcategories under 4 main categories: providing care with uncertainty and anxiety, facing psychological and mental tension, creating a context for support, and experiencing personal-professional growth. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses caring for COVID-19 patients needed the support of their authorities and families to stress management. Providing a supportive environment through crisis management training, providing adequate equipment and manpower, motivating nurses to achieve psychological growth during the pandemic can help them manage stress.

Migraine Headaches: The Predictive Role of Anger and Emotional Intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that emotional intelligence and anger are significant predictors of both subjective and objective health. The present study aimed to draw a comparison between migraine patients and healthy individuals in terms of emotional intelligence and anger. In addition, there was an attempt to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence and anger in chronic migraine. METHODS: This comparative study was carried out on 494 individuals including patients with chronic migraine (n=250) and healthy controls (n=244) in Shiraz between August 2019 and February 2020. The participants with chronic migraine and healthy controls were selected using convenience sampling and multistage sampling, respectively. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires: Bradberry and Greaves emotional intelligence test and the provocation inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0) and chi-square test, t test and logistic regression were used. The significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: The results of independent t-test indicated that the mean intensity of anger was significantly higher among the patients with migraine (51.52±15.66) compared to the healthy controls (28.39±9.85) (P<0.001). The mean score of emotional intelligence was significantly lower among the patients with migraine (75.92±8.23) in comparison to the healthy controls (116.23±12.28) (P<0.001). Binary logistic regression revealed that neither age (P=0.72), sex (P=0.62), marital status (P=0.63) and education level (P=0.68), nor anger (P=0.24) was significantly associated with chronic migraine. However, emotional intelligence had a negative association with chronic migraine (B=-1.13, OR=0.32, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that a low level of emotional intelligence was associated with chronic migraine. The current results could help clinicians in planning for successful pain management/prevention programs.

Effect of Hypnotism on the Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The current study aimed to determine the effects of hypnotism on the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This trial study was conducted on 100 people with IBS in Shiraz, Iran. Hypnotism of participants was performed in 1-hour sessions for the intervention group at Weeks 4 and 6. A demographic characteristic questionnaire, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and IBS Quality of Life Index were used for data collection. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms of participants in the intervention group significantly improved at 6 and 15 weeks after hypnotherapy. These individuals also had a significantly better quality of life after 15 weeks of hypnotherapy. Hypnotherapy may be beneficial in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms and improving quality of life in individuals with IBS. Combining this method with medicinal treatments could be effective for patients and health systems. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(5), 55-62.].

Lived Experience of Iranian Family Caregivers of Tubercular Patients: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with tuberculosis. METHODS: In this study, the method of hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine family caregivers of TB patients. The obtained data were thematically analyzed to explain the concept of home care for TB patients through van Manen's 6-step methodology. RESULTS: After the thematic analysis, three main themes of caregivers' mental distresses, quality care stasis, and facilitated care were obtained from 944 primary codes and 11 categories. CONCLUSIONS: Family caregivers of these patients suffer from mental distress. This issue affects the quality and ease of caregiving for these patients. Therefore, policymakers of this area should pay attention to the family caregivers of these patients and attempt to provide support; they should try to improve their quality of life.

Radiation Protection Capability of Operating Room Personnel: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Radiation protection is an important principle in some wards of the hospital such as radiology, catheterization laboratory and operating room. Due to the increasing use of radiation in the operating room, there is a need to design an accurate and appropriate tool to evaluate the radiation protection capability of operating room personnel. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on radiation protection capability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was designing items based on the review of available literature, and the second stage was measuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaire using face validity and content validity Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Then the questionnaire was filled out by 200 operating room nurses to evaluate the construct validity by Principal Component Analysis method. Reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha analysis method. RESULTS: Due to the results, test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.912, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.824, indicating a desirable internal consistency. CONCLUSION: This study introduces a valid and reliable questionnaire for evaluating the radiation protection capability of operating room nurses.

Online class or flipped-jigsaw learning? Which one promotes academic motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic?

BACKGROUND: Due to the progress in COVID-19, education has undergone a huge change all around the world, leading all universities to move towards distance learning. In this context, the majority of instructors tend to make use of the educational methods that maintain and improve students' motivation and, consequently, promote their academic performance. This study aimed to compare the effects of synchronous online class and the combination of flipped and jigsaw methods on students' academic motivation. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 84 BSc nursing students who had entered Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in two different years. One group was educated in a synchronous online class, while the other group was educated using a combination of flipped and jigsaw methods. Both classes were enrolled in online classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants' academic motivation was evaluated using Harter's Academic Motivation Scale. RESULTS: The results revealed no significant difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of academic motivation in the synchronous online class group before and after the intervention. However, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of academic motivation (p = 0.002) and its intrinsic (p = 0.003) and extrinsic (p = 0.031) dimensions in the flipped-jigsaw method group after the intervention. Moreover, the mean scores of academic motivation (p = 0.007) and its intrinsic (p = 0.038) and extrinsic (p = 0.010) dimensions were significantly higher in the flipped-jigsaw method group compared to the synchronous online class group after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has led educational institutions to use virtual education methods, the combination of flipped and jigsaw methods may improve students' academic motivation in distance learning.

State of Mental Health and Associated Factors in Nursing Students from Southeastern Iran.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the state of mental health and its relation with associated factors among nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 students from the Nursing and Midwifery College affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz (Iran). Data was collected through a document that included information on the demographic characteristics, the mean grades of the practical assignments and of the total (practical and theoretical assignments), and the Goldberg Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) that measures symptoms grouped into four dimensions (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression). RESULTS: Most of the participants (65.1%) were women; 5.3% were between 21 and 22 years of age, 84.5% were single, and 33.3% were in the sixth semester; 68.5% of the students had problems with mental health. By dimensions of the GHQ-28, it was found that 7.7% had somatic symptoms, 13.8% symptoms of anxiety and sleep disorders, 52.3% social dysfunction, and 6.2% depression. Males had a higher score of depression than females, and being single was related with higher scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and depression, compared with those who were married. An inverse relationship was found between the GHQ-28 average score and the semester, the grade in practical assignments, and the total grade for physical symptoms and anxiety and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high proportion of nursing students with suspected mental health disorder. Some demographic and academic factors are related with the mental health of students and must be kept in mind by the institutions training future nurses.

Experience Lived by Iranian Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Transitory Crisis and Liberation.

OBJECTIVES: Research on the nature of living with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. METHODS: Qualitative study of the hermeneutical phenomenology, which conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with people trained on the irritable bowel syndrome. The sampling was intentional type and open questions were used to collect data. The Thematic Analysis Method by Van Manen was used. RESULTS: Two principal themes and five subthemes emerged in this research to determine the meaning of living with the irritable bowel syndrome: Storm in corporality (body with pain and affliction, tension and sequence of symptoms, and: distress during moments of life) and Relief (sense of liberation of the body symptoms, and moments with pleasure). CONCLUSIONS: The experience lived by patients with irritable bowel syndrome is of a transitory crisis and liberation.

State of Mental Health and Associated Factors in Nursing Students from Southeastern Iran

Objective. To evaluate the state of mental health and its relation with associated factors among nursing students. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 students from the Nursing and Midwifery College affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz (Iran). Data was collected through a document that included information on the demographic characteristics, the mean grades of the practical assignments and of the total (practical and theoretical assignments), and the Goldberg Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) that measures symptoms grouped into four dimensions (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression). Results. Most of the participants (65.1%) were women; 5.3% were between 21 and 22 years of age, 84.5% were single, and 33.3% were in the sixth semester; 68.5% of the students had problems with mental health. By dimensions of the GHQ-28, it was found that 7.7% had somatic symptoms, 13.8% symptoms of anxiety and sleep disorders, 52.3% social dysfunction, and 6.2% depression. Males had a higher score of depression than females, and being single was related with higher scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and depression, compared with those who were married. An inverse relationship was found between the GHQ-28 average score and the semester, the grade in practical assignments, and the total grade for physical symptoms and anxiety and insomnia. Conclusion. There is a high proportion of nursing students with suspected mental health disorder. Some demographic and academic factors are related with the mental health of students and must be kept in mind by the institutions training future nurses.

Objetivo. Evaluar el estado de salud mental y su relación con factores asociados entre los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con 130 estudiantes del Colegio de Enfermería y Partería afiliado a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Shiraz (Irán). Para la toma de los datos se empleó un formulario que incluía información sobre las características demográficas, los promedios de calificación de las asignaturas prácticas y del total (asignaturas prácticas más teóricas), y el Cuestionario de Salud Goldberg (GHQ-28) que mide síntomas agrupados en cuatro dimensiones (síntomas somáticos, ansiedad e insomnio, disfunción social, y depresión). Resultados. La mayoría de los participantes (65.1%) fueron mujeres; el 5.3% tenía entre 21 y 22 años; solteros, el 84.5% y el 33.3% estudiaba en el sexto semestre. El 68.5% de los estudiantes tenía problemas con la salud mental. Por dimensiones del GHQ-28, se encontró que el 7.7% tenía síntomas somáticos; 13.8%, síntomas de ansiedad y trastornos del sueño; 52.3%, disfunción social y 6.2% depresión. El sexo masculino tuvo mayor puntaje de depresión que las mujeres, y el estado civil soltero se relacionó con mayores puntajes de síntomas físicos, ansiedad e insomnio y depresión, comparado con los casados. Se encontró una relación inversa entre el promedio del puntaje del GHQ-28 y el semestre, la calificación en las asignaturas prácticas y la calificación total para síntomas físicos y ansiedad e insomnio. Conclusión. Es alta la proporción de estudiantes de enfermería con sospecha de trastorno de la salud mental. Algunos factores demográficos y académicos están relacionados con su salud mental y deben ser tenidos en cuenta por las instituciones formadoras de los futuros enfermeros.

Objetivo. Avaliar o estado de saúde mental e sua relação com fatores associados entre os estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos. Se realizou um estudo de corte transversal com 130 estudantes do Colégio de Enfermagem e Parteira afiliada à Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Shiraz (Irã). Para a toma dos dados se empregou um formulário que incluía informação sobre as características demográficas, as médias de qualificação das matérias práticas e do total (matérias práticas mais teóricas), e o Questionário de Saúde Goldberg (GHQ-28) que mede sintomas agrupados em quatro dimensões (sintomas somáticos, ansiedade e insônia, disfunção social, e depressão). Resultados. A maioria dos participantes (65.1%) eram mulheres; 5.3% tinham entre 21 e 22 anos, eram solteiros (84.5%) e o 33.3% estudavam no sexto semestre. 68.5% dos estudantes tinham problemas com a saúde mental. Por dimensões de GHQ-28, se encontrou que 7.7% tinham sintomas somáticos, 13.8% sintomas de ansiedade e transtornos do sono, 52.3% disfunção social e 6.2% depressão. O sexo masculino teve maior pontuação de depressão que as mulheres, e o estado civil solteiro se relacionou com maiores pontuações de sintomas físicos, ansiedade e insônia e depressão, comparado com os casados. Se encontrou uma relação inversa entre a média da pontuação de GHQ-28 e o semestre, a qualificação nas matérias práticas e a qualificação total para sintomas físicos e ansiedade e insônia. Conclusão. É alta a proporção de estudantes de enfermagem com suspeita de transtorno da saúde mental. Alguns fatores demográficos e acadêmicos estão relacionados com a saúde mental dos estudantes e devem ser tidos em conta pelas instituições formadoras dos futuros enfermeiros.

Experience Lived by Iranian Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Transitory Crisis and Liberation

Objective. Research on the nature of living with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Methods. Qualitative study of the hermeneutical phenomenology, which conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with people trained on the irritable bowel syndrome. The sampling was intentional type and open questions were used to collect data. The Thematic Analysis Method by Van Manen was used. Results. Two principal themes and five subthemes emerged in this research to determine the meaning of living with the irritable bowel syndrome: Storm in corporality (body with pain and affliction, tension and sequence of symptoms, and: distress during moments of life) and Relief (sense of liberation of the body symptoms, and moments with pleasure). Conclusion. The experience lived by patients with irritable bowel syndrome is of a transitory crisis and liberation.

Objetivo. Conocer la experiencia de vivir con el Síndrome del Intestino Irritable. Métodos. Estudio cualitativo de la fenomenología hermenéutica en el que se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a personas con diagnóstico de síndrome del intestino irritable. El muestreo fue de tipo intencional y se utilizaron preguntas abiertas para recopilar los datos. Se empleó el método de análisis temático de Van Mennen. Resultados. Dos temas principales y cinco subtemas emergieron en la presente investigación para determinar el significado de vivir con este síndrome: Tormenta en la corporalidad (cuerpo con dolor y aflicción, tensión y secuencia de síntomas, y: angustia en los momentos de la vida) y Alivio (sensación de liberación de los síntomas corporales, y momentos con placer). Conclusión. La experiencia vivida de pacientes con síndrome del intestino irritable es de una crisis transitoria y de liberación.

Objetivo. Investigar a natureza de viver com a Síndrome do Intestino Irritável. Métodos. Estudo qualitativo da fenomenologia hermenêutica na qual se realizaram entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade a pessoas com diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável. A amostragem foi de tipo intencional e se utilizaram perguntas abertas para recopilar os dados. Se empregou o método de análises temático de Van Mennen. Resultados. Dois temas principais e cinco subtemas emergiram na presente investigação para determinar o significado de viver com a Síndrome do Intestino Irritável: Tormenta na corporalidade (corpo com dor e aflição, tensão e sequência de sintomas, e: angustia nos momentos da vida) e Alívio (sensação de liberação dos sintomas corporais, e momentos com prazer). Conclusão. A experiência vivida de pacientes com síndrome do intestino irritável é de uma crises transitórias e liberação.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Occupational Stress of Female Nurses: A Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses. METHODS: Prevention-type controlled clinical trial carried out with the participation of 60 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Randomly, the nurses were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The intervention consisted in an aerobic exercise program lasting three months with three weekly sessions one hour each. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire measured occupational stress with 35 questions, each with five Likert-type response options, which can have a maximum score of 175 points; higher scores meant lower levels of occupational stress. The HSE was evaluated during three moments: upon registering, after finishing the exercise program (week 8), and two months after terminating the intervention (week 16). RESULTS: The level of occupational stress was the same in the experimental and control groups during registration (86.2 vs. 86.3). Upon finishing the aerobic exercise program (week 8), the experimental group showed a higher score than the control group (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), with this score diminishing after two months of having ended the intervention (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS: The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Occupational Stress of Female Nurses: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective. This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses. Methods. Prevention-type controlled clinical trial carried out with the participation of 60 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Randomly, the nurses were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The intervention consisted in an aerobic exercise program lasting three months with three weekly sessions one hour each. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire measured occupational stress with 35 questions, each with five Likert-type response options, which can have a maximum score of 175 points; higher scores meant lower levels of occupational stress. The HSE was evaluated during three moments: upon registering, after finishing the exercise program (week 8), and two months after terminating the intervention (week 16). Results. The level of occupational stress was the same in the experimental and control groups during registration (86.2 vs. 86.3). Upon finishing the aerobic exercise program(week 8), the experimental group showed a higher score than the control group (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), with this score diminishing after two months of having ended the intervention (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061). Conclusion. The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.

Resumen Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico en el estrés ocupacional de las enfermeras. Métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado de tipo preventivo que se llevó a cabo con la participación de 60 enfermeras que trabajaban en hospitales afiliados a Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences en Irán. Las enfermeras se asignaron aleatoriamente al grupo experimental o al grupo control. La intervención consistió en un programa de ejercicio aeróbico realizado durante dos meses con tres sesiones semanales de una hora de duración. El estrés ocupacional se midió con el cuestionario Health and Safety Executive (HSE) de 35 preguntas, con opciones de respuesta tipo Likert que van de 1 a 5; puede llegar a puntuar en 175 como máximo: a mayor puntaje, menor el nivel de estrés ocupacional. Se evaluó el HSE en tres momentos: en la inscripción, después de finalizar el programa de ejercicio (semana 8) y también dos meses después de terminada la intervención (semana 16). Resultados. Fue igual el nivel de estrés ocupacional en los grupos de intervención y de control en la inscripción (86.2 vs. 86.3), pero al finalizar el programa de ejercicios aeróbicos (semana 8) el grupo experimental mostró un puntaje mayor que el del grupo control (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), para luego disminuir este puntaje a los dos meses de haber finalizado la intervención, (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061). Conclusión. El programa de ejercicio aeróbico se asoció a la disminución del estrés laboral de las enfermeras en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo control a las ocho semanas, pero esta diferencia no se mantuvo cuando el grupo experimental no continuó con el programa.

Resumo Objetivo. Determinar a efetividade de um programa de exercício aeróbico sobre o estresse ocupacional das enfermeiras. Métodos. Ensaio clínico controlado de tipo preventivo que se levou a cabo com a participação de 60 enfermeiras que trabalhavam em hospitais afiliados a Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences no Irã. Em forma aleatorizada, as enfermeiras foram designadas ao grupo experimental ou ao grupo controle. A intervenção consistiu num programa de exercício aeróbico realizado durante dois meses com três sessões semanais de uma hora de duração. O estresse ocupacional se mediu com o questionário Health and Safety Executive (HSE) de 35 perguntas, que tem opções de resposta tipo Likert que vão de 1 a 5, pode chegar a pontuação de 175 como máximo; a maior pontuação, é menor o nível de estresse ocupacional. Se avaliou o HSE em três momentos: a inscrição, depois de finalizar o programa de exercício (semana 8) e também dois meses depois de terminada a intervenção (semana 16). Resultados. Foi igual o nível de estresse ocupacional nos grupos de intervenção e de controle na inscrição (86.2 vs. 86.3), mas ao finalizar o programa de exercícios aeróbicos (semana 8) o grupo experimental mostrou uma pontuação maior que o do grupo controle (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), para depois diminuir esta pontuação aos dois meses de haver finalizado a intervenção, (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061). Conclusão. O programa de exercício aeróbico se associou à diminuição do estresse profissional das enfermeiras no grupo de intervenção em comparação com o grupo de controle às oito semanas, mas esta diferença não se manteve quando o grupo experimental não continuou com o programa.

Self-Perception of Iranian Patients during their life with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as a chronic digestive disorder, impacts extensively on the quality of life, emotional well-being and self-identity. Chronic illness disrupts taken-for-granted notions about self. No qualitative study was found regarding patients' experience of life with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Iran. OBJECTIVE: To explore the self-perception of lived experience of IBS patients. METHODS: A qualitative study with hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted on 12 IBS patients who had been referred to three central clinics (2 governmental and 1 private) affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews from July 2015 to September 2016 by purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was carried out using Van Manen's six-step methodological framework as a guide. In addition, MAXQDA software was used for data management. RESULTS: In this study, two main themes "the threatened self" and "deep self-knowledge", emerged during the life of patients with IBS, indicating the meaning of self-perception of such patients. The theme of "the threatened self" consisted of two subthemes of "fear from stigmatization" and "bad sense of self". The subthemes of "body knowledge", "self-acceptance" and "personal growth" were related to deep self-knowledge. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study could be applied in designing and implementation effective and holistic care of IBS patients.

Nursing students in Iran identify the clinical environment stressors.

Stress at clinical environment is one of the cases that could affect the education quality among nursing students. The study aims to investigate Iranian nursing students' perceptions on the stressors in clinical environment in the South Western part of Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2010 to include 300 nursing students after their completion of second clinical nursing course in a hospital environment. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, with focus on the clinical environment stressors from personal, educational and training viewpoints. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and descriptive statistics tests. Among the various stressors, the highest scores were given to the faculty (71 ± 19.77), followed by the students' personal characteristics (43.15 ± 21.79). Given that faculty-related factors provoked more stress in nursing students, nursing administration should diligently evaluate and improve communication skills among faculty to reduce student stress and enhance learning.

Yoga effects on physical activity and sexual satisfaction among the Iranian women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disease resulting in disabilities in young and middle-aged persons. In this study, researchers explored the effect of yoga techniques on physical activities and sexual function among some Iranian women with MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 60 Iranian women with multiple sclerosis (MS) were placed in two equally divided control and case groups through random selection to assess pre-and post-effects of yoga exercises on their physical activities and sexual satisfaction levels. Women in case group were offered a series of yoga training and exercises for 3 months, which consisted of 8 sessions per month for 60 to 90 minutes at each session. Yoga training program included the 3 principles of slow motions (Hatayoga), respiratory exercises (Pranayama) and centralization to control mind via meditation, expansion and stasis (Rajayoga). After 3 months both groups were surveyed using the initial questionnaire to evaluate and compare findings with the base-line data. RESULTS: Researchers found significant statistical difference in physical activity and sexual satisfaction levels among the women in case group (P=0.001). Women in case group showed improvement in physical ability while women in control group manifested exacerbated symptoms. CONCLUSION: Yoga techniques may improve physical activities and sexual satisfaction function of women with MS.