[The role of probiotics in oral health.] / A probiotikumok szerepe az orális egészségben.

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization defines probiotics as: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." Probiotics maintain the balance of the normal intestinal flora and prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Its therapeutic use in oral health is increasing. The literature reports successful results considering the treatment of caries and periodontal disease with probiotics. In these cases, probiotics effect the oral flora causing the disease. Our research investigates how caries and type I diabetes effect the normal oral flora. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature on this topic and to present our research, which compares the oral microflora of children with or without caries and of healthy children with those having type 1 diabetes. Our research also determines the total oral bacterial and Lactobacillus count, and its species composition. METHOD: A 0.5 ml saliva sample is collected from the participants (20 participants/group). The total bacteria count is determined on blood agar, the Lactobacillus is cultured on Rogosa agar. A MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight) device is used to identify the different Lactobacillus species. RESULTS: The total bacterial count of the two test groups did not show a significant difference compared to the control groups (109 vs. 108 CFU/mL). In the groups of children with caries and with diabetes, there was a significant difference in the Lactobacillus count compared to the control groups (102 vs. 103 CFU/mL). The species composition of the Lactobacillus differed in each group. DISCUSSION: Cariogenic oral flora can displace the probiotic strains in the oral cavity. Diabetes in childhood can affect the composition of the oral flora. CONCLUSION: Restoring the normal oral flora of the oral cavity with probiotics is a possible way of preventing the development of oral diseases. Further research is needed examining the function of individual probiotic strains. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(24): 942-947.

Short- and long term antibacterial effects of a single rinse with different mouthwashes: A randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Reducing the microbial level in the aerosol created during dental procedures is essential to avoiding infections. The aim of this study was to examine the change in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the total bacterial load in human saliva in vivo after a single rinse with different mouthwashes. Material and methods: One mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from volunteers with poor oral hygiene at baseline and 5 min after a 1-min rinsing with diluted Solumium Oral® (hyper-pure 0.0015% chlorine dioxide; ClO2), Listerine Total Care®, Corsodyl® (0.2% chlorhexidine-digluconate; CHX), or BioGate Si*CLEAN for bacterial investigation. In a second study, volunteers rinsed with 0.003% ClO2 or CHX for 1 min, and saliva was collected at baseline, after 5 min, and after 90 min. After plating, the total plate and S. mutans colony numbers were determined. Results: In the first study, ClO2 and CHX similarly reduced both total germ and S. mutans numbers, while Listerine Total Care® decreased only the S. mutans counts. BioGate Si*Clean had no effect on either the total germ or S. mutans numbers. In the second study, an increasing tendency toward bacterial regrowth was observed with CHX after 90 min compared to the 5-min value, while no change was measured after ClO2 rinsing. Conclusion: Hyper-pure ClO2 rinsing may be a new promising preventive and therapeutic adjuvant in dental practice, as it is similar in effectiveness to the gold standard CHX-containing mouthwashes, especially in patients concerned with taste or tooth discoloration during oral health therapy.