Giovanni Aldini and his contributions to non-invasive brain stimulation.

Giovanni Aldini was an Italian physicist interested in propagating Galvanism. With his uncle, Luigi Galvani, he learned techniques of electrical stimulation in humans and helped him to develop them. He later developed his own ideas and created transcranial electric stimulation. This paper presents some of Aldini's personal and professional traits, showing his trajectory and how his performance was important for the development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as a whole. Through research on animals and, later, on cadavers, his fundamental discoveries at the beginning of the treatment proposals are used so far.

Giovanni Aldini and his contributions to non-invasive brain stimulation / Giovanni Aldini e suas contribuições para a estimulação cerebral não invasiva

ABSTRACT Giovanni Aldini was an Italian physicist interested in propagating Galvanism. With his uncle, Luigi Galvani, he learned techniques of electrical stimulation in humans and helped him to develop them. He later developed his own ideas and created transcranial electric stimulation. This paper presents some of Aldini's personal and professional traits, showing his trajectory and how his performance was important for the development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as a whole. Through research on animals and, later, on cadavers, his fundamental discoveries at the beginning of the treatment proposals are used so far.

RESUMO Giovanni Aldini era um físico italiano interessado em propagar o Galvanismo. Com seu tio, Luigi Galvani, aprendeu técnicas de estimulação elétrica em humanos e pode ajudá-lo a desenvolvê-las. Mais tarde, desenvolveu suas próprias ideias e criou a estimulação elétrica transcraniana. Este artigo apresenta alguns traços pessoais e profissionais de Aldini, mostrando sua trajetória e como seu desempenho foi importante para o desenvolvimento de técnicas não invasivas de estimulação cerebral como um todo. Através de pesquisas em animais e, posteriormente, em cadáveres, suas descobertas fundamentais no início das propostas de tratamento utilizadas até o momento.