Disparities and Temporal Trends in COVID-19 Exposures and Mitigating Behaviors Among Black and Hispanic Adults in an Urban Setting.

Importance: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has disproportionately affected Black and Hispanic communities in the US, which can be attributed to social factors including inconsistent public health messaging and suboptimal adoption of prevention efforts. Objectives: To identify behaviors and evaluate trends in COVID-19-mitigating practices in a predominantly Black and Hispanic population, to identify differences in practices by self-reported ethnicity, and to evaluate whether federal emergency financial assistance was associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. Design, Setting, and Participants: This survey study was conducted by telephone from July 1 through August 30, 2020, on a random sample of adults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing at a safety-net health care system in Chicago during the surge in COVID-19 cases in the spring of 2020. Behaviors and receipt of a stimulus check were compared between participants testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2. Differences in behaviors and temporal trends were assessed by race and ethnicity. Main Outcomes and Measures: SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed using nasopharyngeal quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing. Mitigating behaviors and federal emergency financial assistance were assessed by survey. Race and ethnicity data were collected from electronic health records. Results: Of 750 randomly sampled individuals, 314 (41.9%) consented to participate (169 [53.8%] women). Of those, 159 (51%) self-reported as Hispanic and 155 (49%) as non-Hispanic (120 [38.2%] Black), of whom 133 (84%) and 76 (49%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. For all participants, consistent mask use (public transport: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00-0.34; social gatherings: aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.00-0.50; running errands: aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.07-0.42; at work: aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07-0.79) and hand sanitizer use (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.52) were associated with lower odds of infection. During 3 sampled weeks, mitigation practices were less frequent among Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic participants (eg, mask use while running errands: aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15-0.46). Hispanic participants were at high risk of infection (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.30-7.08) and more likely to work outside the home (aOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.27-3.30) compared with non-Hispanic participants, possibly because of limited receipt of stimulus checks (aOR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.07) or unemployment benefits (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.74). Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study of adults in a large US city, public health messaging improved preventive behaviors over time but lagged among Hispanic participants; messaging tailored to Hispanic communities, especially for mask use, should be prioritized. Hispanic individuals were at higher risk for infection, more often worked outside the home, and were less likely to have received a stimulus check; this suggests larger studies are needed to evaluate the provision of economic support on SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in low-income populations.

Insights into the thermal and chemical stability of multilayered V2CTx MXene.

We report on the thermal stability of multilayered V2CTx MXenes under different atmospheres by combining in situ Raman spectroscopy with ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to elucidate and monitor the molecular, electronic, and structural changes of both the surface and bulk of the V2CTx MXene which has recently received much attention. The MXene samples were heated up to 600 °C in inert (N2), oxidative (CO2, air), and reductive (H2) environments under similar conditions. In situ Raman showed that the V[double bond, length as m-dash]O vibration for two-dimensional vanadia is preserved up to 600 °C under N2, while its intensity reduces under H2. When heated above 300 °C under either CO2 or air, V2CTx slightly oxidizes or transforms into V2O5, respectively. Furthermore, SEM revealed the presence of an accordion-like layered structure for the MXene under N2 and H2, while under CO2 and air the layered structure collapses and forms VO2 (V4+) and V2O5 (V5+) crystals, respectively. XPS reveals that, regardless of the gas, surface V species oxidize above 300 °C during the dehydration process. Finally, we demonstrated that the partial dehydration of V2CTx results in the partial oxidation of the material, and the total dehydration is achieved once 700 °C is reached. We believe that our methodology is a unique alternative to tune the dehydration, oxidation, and properties of V2CTx, which allows for the expansion of applications of MXenes.

An Unusual Case of Anaphylaxis after Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

BACKGROUND: Due to current human migratory patterns, emergency physicians in developed countries are facing emergent clinical presentations of neglected tropical diseases with increasing frequency. In those situations, the clinician's diagnosis is often delayed due to a lack of familiarity with the disease. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 25-year-old Peruvian man who presented to the Emergency Department complaining of dyspnea and abdominal pain after upper abdominal trauma. His physical examination revealed mouth and eyelid edema in association with epigastric pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a liver hydatid cyst. Emergent surgical evacuation of the cyst was required to control the anaphylactic reaction. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Anaphylaxis in the setting of a complicated hydatid cyst is a life-threatening disease. Critical care management and emergent surgical evacuation of the cyst are indicated.

[Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru]. / Adaptación cultural y validación psicométrica del cuestionario de calidad de vida EORTC QLQ STO-22 para los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru, evaluating cultural and psychometric characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first phase consisted in measure the content and appearance validity. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity was determined. RESULTS: After performing the content and appearance validity the questions/items 31 and 39 were changed. The global Cronbach's α was 0.90 and α coefficients greater than 0.7 in the multi-item subscales was obtained. The test-retest reliability showed an overall correlation of 0.924. When analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity, the values of Pearson's "r" were higher between an item and its own subscale, than the same item with other multi-item sub-scales. The criterion validity of the EORTC QLQ STO-22 compared with the EORTC QLQ C-30 showed a positive correlation of 0.727 with items evaluating symptomatology, and a negative correlation of -0.587 when comparing with functional status items, both statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The modified questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 meets the reliability and validity criteria for assessing the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer in Peru.

Adaptación cultural y validación psicométrica del cuestionario de calidad de vida EORTC QLQ STO-22 para los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú / Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru

Realizar la adaptación cultural y validación psicométrica del cuestionario EORTC QLQ û STO 22 para evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: La primera fase consistió en evaluar la validez de contenido y de apariencia. En la segunda fase se aplicó el cuestionario a pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico y se determinó la consistencia interna, confiabilidad test re-test, validez convergente, validez discriminante y validez de criterio. Resultados: La validez de contenido y de apariencia permitió modificar el cuestionario en dos preguntas/ítems (31 y 39). Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach global de 0,90 y coeficientes mayores a 0,7 en las sub-escalas multi-ítem. La fiabilidad test retest mostró una correlación global de 0,924. Al analizar la validez convergente y discriminante se encontró que los valores de r de Pearson fueron mayores entre un ítem y su propia sub-escala, y menores con sub-escalas diferentes a la propia. Al realizar la validez de criterio comparada con el cuestionario EORTC QLQ C-30 se halló una correlación de 0,727 con los ítems de sintomatología y una correlación de -0,587 con los ítems de funcionalidad, ambos estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: El cuestionario EORTC QLQ STO 22 modificado cumple con los criterios confiabilidad y validez para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú...

To validate the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru, evaluating cultural and psychometric characteristics. Materials and methods: The first phase consisted in measure the content and appearance validity. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity was determined. Results: After performing the content and appearance validity the questions/items 31 and 39 were changed. The global CronbachÆs alfa was 0.90 and alfa coefficients greater than 0.7 in the multi-item subscales was obtained. The test-retest reliability showed an overall correlation of 0.924. When analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity, the values of PearsonÆs ôrõ were higher between an item and its own subscale, than the same item with other multi-item sub-scales. The criterion validity of the EORTC QLQ STO-22 compared with the EORTC QLQ C-30 showed a positive correlation of 0.727 with items evaluating symptomatology, and a negative correlation of -0.587 when comparing with functional status items, both statistically significant. Conclusion: The modified questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 meets the reliability and validity criteria for assessing the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer in Peru...

Análisis clínico-epidemiológico de celulitis en Pediatría en el Servicio de Dermatología del INSN, desde Setiembre 2009 al Setiembre 2010 / Clinical - epidemiological analysis of cellulite in Pediatrics in the Service of Dermatology of the INSN, from September 2009 to the September 2010

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la celulitis pediátrica en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño en el periodo de Setiembre del 2009 a Setiembre de 2010. Método. estudio observacional retrospectivo. se revisaron 185 historias clinicas comprendidas entre Setiembre del 2009 hasta setiembre de 2010 del Departamento de Dermatología del Instituto Nacional del Niño. Resultados: se encontró que no hubo una diferencia significativa entre hombres o mujeres. siendo 50.86 por ciento del total de pacientes corresponden al sexo masculino, encontrandose unamínima diferencia con respecto al total de pacientes del sexo femenino que era de un49.14 por ciento. la mayoria de pacientes corresponden al periodo entre uno a tres años, conun porcentaje de 34 por ciento. El mayor porcentaje se encontró en aquellos de etiología dermatológica, 54 por ciento. En segundo lugar con una moderada diferncia se encontró la etiología alérgica, 22 por ciento...

Objetives: to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cellulitis in the INSN in the period between September 2009 and September 2010. Methods: retrospective observational study. 185 charts of this period were reviewed from the dermatology department on the INSN. Results: there was no significant difference among sex, being 50.86 per cent male and 49.14 per cent female. Most od the patients were inthe interval of 1 to 3 years old with a 34 per cent a 54 per cent of dermatologic etiology taking the highest percentage, in second place we found allergic etiology with a 22 per cent...