[Sauveur-Henri-Victor Bouvier (1799-1877): orthopaedist, surgeon and promoter of physical education]. / Sauveur-Henri-Victor Bouvier (1799-1877): orthopédiste, chirurgien et promoteur de l'education physique.

This article establishes the biography of a little known physician of the 19th century., whose commitment with orthopaedics and formulation of medical gymnastics was important: the surgeon-orthopaedist Sauveur-Henri-Victor Bouvier. Several constitutive processes of the medical field of the 19th century are analysed: specialization (around orthopaedics), professionalization and development of various therapeutic and hygienic methods (among them medical gymnastics). Bouvier's biography is particularly instructive and sheds new light on these different processes, as well as on the institutionalization of orthopaedics from the 1820's up to the 1870's, at the intersection between medical and educative fields, between hospital, medical faculty and teaching of gymnastics.

[From Paris to Strasbourgh: the development of orthopedic and gymnastic clinics (first half of the 19th century)]. / De Paris à Strasbourg: L'essor des établissements orthopédiques et gymnastiques (première moitié du XIXème siècle).

In this contribution, we try to outline a history of the rise of orthopaedic and gymnastic clinics from 1820 to 1860 in France, and particularly in Paris. These clinics are located at the crossroads of several social processes of the 19th century: the structuring of a medical field (observed through specialization, professionalization, etc.), physical exercises legitimating process or the development of a medical interest for the female body. Several types of interests and issues--epistemological, educational, social, professional or symbolic--cross around those clinics and place them as major elements in the constitution of a history of medical engagement in the production of physical education during the nineteenth century. Divided in two parts, our presentation will try to highlight various elements of a history of those clinics' rise: their directors, a geography of the implantation in Paris and a description of their customers, looking at the various educational and rehabilitative methodologies implemented in the different clinics.