RESUMEN
Los estudios farmacognósticos, antioxidantes y citotóxicos de plantas medicinales nativas de un país son la base para el desarrollo e innovación de productos herbarios con actividad biológica. Sinningia warmingii, planta herbácea peruana con raíces tuberosas se evaluó según sus características farmacognósticas, antioxidantes y citotóxicas. Los resultados muestran compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides y taninos como componentes mayoritarios, y trazas de alcaloides. La actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico según DPPH mostró capacidades antioxidantes de 85,75 y 90,25% en las concentraciones de 16 y 20 μg/mL, respectivamente. La evaluación de citoxicidad sobre Artemia salinadel extracto etanólico de S. warmingii, mostró una Concentración Letal media(CL50) de 591,40 μg/mL con una confiabilidad del 95%. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico de la raíz de S. warmingiipresenta compuestos fenólicos con una significativa capacidad antioxidante, que es moderadamente tóxica de acuerdo con el CYTED
The pharmacognostic, antioxidant and cytotoxic study of medicinal native plants in a country is the base to develop and innovate herbal products with biological activity. In the present study, Sinningia warmingii has been studied according to pharmacognostic characteristics, antioxidant capacity by DPPH and cytotoxic properties on Artemia salina. The results have shown phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins as majority components of ethanolic extract from S. warmingiiroots. The antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract evaluated by DPPH has shown 85.75 and 90.25% of antioxidant capacity in the concentrations of 16 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic evaluation on A. salina from S. warmingii ethanolic extract has shown median lethal concentration (LC50) of 591.40 μg/ml. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract from S. warmingii roots have shown phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant capacity and moderately toxic according to CYTED
Asunto(s)
Animales , Farmacognosia , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Lamiales/química , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/química , Dosificación Letal MedianaRESUMEN
Lung cancer screening using computed tomography (CT) is effective in detecting early stage disease. However, concerns regarding adherence have been raised. The current authors conducted a retrospective observational study of 641 asymptomatic smokers enrolled in a lung cancer screening programme between 2000 and 2003. Adherent subjects were compared with nonadherent subjects with regard to lung function, sex, age, motivation for enrollment, smoking status, distance to the referral centre, family history of lung cancer, asbestos exposure, education, the presence and type of nodule(s) seen on initial CT, and exposure to a nursing intervention designed to improve adherence. Overall, early adherence to the study protocol was 65%. Multivariate analysis confirmed the importance of sex, proximity to the referral centre, the presence of noncalcified nodules, and the nursing intervention as factors conditioning adherence to the study protocol. Patients encouraged to participate in the study were more adherent, as were former smokers. Sex interactions were observed in multivariate analysis. The nursing intervention was significant for females, while abnormal lung function improved male adherence. Adherence to lung cancer screening is particularly good among females and subjects living near the referral centre. The present study suggests the need to develop new strategies, especially those targeting males and subjects with low risk perception, in order to improve adherence.