Training alters the skeletal muscle antioxidative capacity in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic men.

The present study analyzes the oxidative stress situation in the skeletal muscle of overweight/obese men suffering from non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM, n=16, years=61±7, body mass index (BMI)=31±4 kg/m(2) ] and BMI-matched non-diabetic male control subjects (CON, n=7, years=53±6, BMI=30±4 kg/m(2) ). Furthermore, it investigates whether physical training can alter the skeletal muscle antioxidative capacity of T2DM patients at rest. Molecule content analyses (immunohistochemical stainings) of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-Iso-PGF), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), peroxiredoxin isoforms (PRDX 1-6) and heat-shock-protein-70 (HSP70) were performed in biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle. Under basal conditions, 8-Iso-PGF was significantly decreased in T2DM patients (-35.7%), whereas PRDX2 and PRDX6 were significantly increased relative to CON (+82.6%; +82.3%). Differences were neither observed in SOD2 nor in GPX1 or PRDX1, 3, 4, 5 density. Regular physical activity (moderate endurance or resistance training twice a week for 3 months) did not alter PRDX1, 2, 3, 4, 6 in the skeletal muscle of T2DM patients, but significantly increased SOD2 (+65.9%), GPX1 (+62.4%), PRDX5 (+37.5%), and HSP70 (+48.5%). Overweight/obese men with non-insulin-dependent T2DM exhibit up-regulated cytosolic peroxiredoxin contents relative to BMI-matched controls. Regular training further up-regulates cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidative enzymes in T2DM patients and improves their cellular protection systems. This may contribute to a retardation of the disease's progression.

[Hearing and language sequelae in survivors of a neonatal intensive care unit]. / Secuelas de audición y lenguaje en sobrevivientes de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to record the hearing and language sequelae in a sample of children from the Intensive Care Unit between the ages of two and three. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one children were studied after being submitted to neuropsychological, hearing and language tests. Both normal and abnormal parameters for each test allowed the categorization of the children. RESULTS: In the general sample there were 24 full-term children versus 17 preterm children. The neurological testing showed a tendency towards normality. The same was seen in language testing since the proportion of normality corresponded to those children born after a full term. There were practically no differences in those suspected from both groups and a greater percentage of abnormal children were found among the pre-term infants. From an audiological standpoint there was a predominance of normal children; there was only one patient with severe bilateral hypoacusis who needed an electric auxiliary hearing device and two other patients with peripheral ear dysfunction classified as serous middle ear otitis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hypoacusis in this sampling type is similar to that reported in the literature. Those patients with a history of assisted mechanical ventilation have been later found to have, as a sequelae, serous middle ear otitis, which corresponds to that reported by Paradise. The development of language stages were altered more so in preterm children. In some patients, the lack of stimulation associated with a low socioeconomic back group favors the delay in the development of language skills.