Prevalence and comorbidities of adult adhd in male military conscripts in korea: Results of an epidemiological survey of mental health in korean military service.

We assessed the prevalence/comorbidities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean servicemen using the Epidemiological Survey of Mental Health in Military Service in Korea. A total of 3,441 participants were assessed for adult ADHD, depression, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, somatization, insomnia, suicidality, cigarette dependence, and alcohol dependence using a self-report scale. Participants were also asked to rank their perception of their career prospects, health status, and quality of life on a Likert scale. Participants were classified as ADHD according to the WHO A-ADHD self-report scale. Firth multiple logistic regression and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to identify the risks of comorbidities and trends of self-perception between the two groups. ADHD (prevalence: 2.8%) was significantly associated with social anxiety (OR, 40.52; 95% CI 25.14-65.74), generalized anxiety (OR, 28.21; 95% CI 17.37-45.69), depression (OR, 16.36; 95% CI 10.50-25.52), somatization (OR, 14.47; 95% CI 9.21-22.76), suicidality (OR, 11.03; 95% CI 6.67-17.86), and insomnia (OR, 5.92; 95% CI 3.68-9.35). Servicemen with ADHD had negative perceptions (p <0.001) of their career prospects, health status, and quality of life compared to servicemen without ADHD. It is essential to revise the enlistment criteria for individuals with ADHD or to develop management programs for servicemen with ADHD.

Somatic symptoms and sleep quality as indicators of depression and suicide risk among Korean military conscripts.

This study examined whether somatic symptoms and sleep quality can be indicators of depression and suicide risk in Korean military conscripts. In October and November of 2016, a total of 1,937 conscripts completed a survey that included the patient health questionnaire (PHQ) 9, PHQ15, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus suicidality module, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Four groups were formed by depression and suicide risk status. Results from analyses of covariance indicated that overall, the severity of somatic symptoms and aspects of sleep quality were higher in conscripts with both depression and suicide risk, and greater associations of depression with somatic symptoms and sleep quality. The results of logistic regression analyses indicated that moderate to high levels of somatic symptoms and poorly perceived health were associated with the risk of depression and suicide, respectively. Poor sleep quality was associated with a higher risk of depression, but it was not significantly related to suicide risk after accounting for depression, which showed a greater association with suicide risk. Monitoring somatic and sleep complaints along with perceived health are needed as potential markers of depression and suicide risk among military conscripts.

Axial length in unilateral idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

AIM: To evaluate the axial length (AXL) in unilateral idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was comprised of a consecutive case series of 35 patients with acute unilateral idiopathic CSC, and age- and sex-matched 50 control eyes. AXL of both eyes of unilateral CSC patients and the control eyes were investigated. AXL was measured by ultrasonic biometry, and the adjusted AXL was calculated for CSC eyes as measured AXL plus differences of foveal thickness between CSC and normal fellow eyes in millimeters. The main outcome measures were comparison of AXL between CSC, fellow and control eyes. RESULTS: The mean age of 35 CSC patients was 45.5y, and 31 males were included. The adjusted AXL of CSC eyes was 23.52 mm, and the AXL of fellow eyes was 23.46 mm, and of control eyes 23.94 mm. The AXL of both CSC and fellow eyes were significantly shorter than control eyes (CSC vs control, P=0.044; fellow vs control, P=0.026). There was no statistically significant difference in AXL between CSC and fellow eyes. CONCLUSION: In unilateral idiopathic CSC, the AXL of CSC and fellow eyes are shorter than that of control eyes. Short AXL may be related with choroidal circulation abnormality in CSC.

Combined 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal phacoemulsification for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

AIM: To assess the outcomes of combined 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. METHODS: This was a retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative, interventional case series of 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent combined sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal cataract surgery for the repair of RRD. The principal outcome measures were primary anatomical success rate, reasons for redetachment, final visual acuity, and surgical complications. RESULTS: Primary reattachment was achieved in 27 eyes (90.0%). The reasons for redetachment (3 eyes, 10%) were incomplete laser retinopexy, persistent chronic subretinal fluid, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, respectively. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (mean±SD) improved from 0.76±0.74 preoperatively to 0.21±0.37 6 months' postoperatively (P<0.0001). Postoperative hypotony was not detected, but 1 eye (3.3%) had increased intraocular pressure (30mmHg) with spontaneous resolution. No endophthalmitis developed during follow-up. Macular pucker was detected in 3 eyes (10.0%). CONCLUSION: Combined 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and clear corneal phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation for RRD repair was proven safe and effective. It may provide not only the known advantages of conventional combined surgery, but also additional advantages such as less conjunctival fibrosis and the maintenance of stable intraocular pressure with low risks of postoperative hypotony and intraocular pressure elevation.

Trimanual technique using assistant-controlled light probe illumination and wide-angle viewing system in 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors propose a novel trimanual vitreous surgery using assistant-adjusted endoillumination during 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for severe diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD) under noncontact wide-angle viewing system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trimanual sutureless vitrectomy under a wide-angle viewing system consisted of (1) a fourth-port microcannula in the inferior 6-o'clock position; (2) dynamic and specular illumination by an assistant-controlled light probe inserted through the fourth port; and (3) membrane dissection and bleeding control using two intraocular instruments. RESULTS: Six eyes of four patients who underwent trimanual diabetic vitrectomy were evaluated. Recurrent TRD was detected in one eye, and a second operation was performed. There were no intraoperative sclerotomy-related complications or postoperative hypotony, increased IOP, or endophthalmitis. Final anatomic and functional success was achieved in all six eyes. CONCLUSION: The trimanual technique is valuable for membrane dissection in severe diabetic TRD. The optimal and dynamic illumination provided a high-quality stereoscopic view under a wide-angle viewing system. Careful coordination between a surgeon and an assistant facilitates this technique.

Short-term influence of aspirating speculum use on dry eye after cataract surgery: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term influence of the use of an aspirating speculum on dry eye after performing cataract surgery. METHODS: This study was conducted using a prospective, consecutive, comparative, interventional case series of 58 eyes of 58 patients who underwent clear corneal cataract surgery; 29 eyes were treated using an aspirating speculum, and 29 eyes were treated without using a nonaspirating speculum. The main outcome measures were sequential changes of dry eye parameters including conjunctival staining, tear film break-up time (tBUT), conjunctivochalasis grades, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). RESULTS: In the nonaspirating speculum group, tBUT and conjunctivochalasis grades were aggravated on day 1 postoperatively (P < 0.001), but conjunctival staining and OSDI did not show any significant change during the follow-up. In the aspirating speculum group, significant aggravation was observed by conjunctival staining on day 1 postoperatively (P = 0.001), tBUT and conjunctivochalasis grades were evaluated on day 1 and day 7 postoperatively (P < 0.001), and the OSDI was evaluated on day 7 postoperatively (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The use of an aspirating speculum aggravated dry eye parameters during the early postoperative period. Although these parameters returned to their preoperative values at 1 month postoperatively, the use of an aspirating speculum has the potential to aggravate dry eyes after cataract surgery is performed.