Rationally Designed Peptoid Inhibitors of Amyloid-ß Oligomerization.

While plaques comprised of fibrillar Aß aggregates are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, soluble Aß oligomers present higher neurotoxicity. Thus, one therapeutic approach is to prevent the formation of Aß oligomers and reduce their associated harmful effects. We have proposed a peptoid mimic of the Aß hydrophobic KLVFF core as an ideal candidate aggregation inhibitor due to its ability to evade proteolytic degradation via repositioning of the side chain from the α-carbon to the amide nitrogen. This peptoid, JPT1, utilizes chiral sidechains to achieve a helical structure, while C-terminal addition of two phenylalanine residues places aromatic groups on two sides of the helix with spacing designed to facilitate interaction with amyloid ß-sheet structure. We have previously shown that JPT1 modulates Aß fibril formation. Here, we demonstrate that JPT1 also modulates Aß oligomerization, and we explore the role of the charge on the linker between the KLVFF mimic and the extended aromatic residues. Additionally, we demonstrate that peptoid-induced changes in Aß oligomerization correlate with attenuation of oligomer-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. These findings support the therapeutic potential of peptoids to target early stages of Aß aggregation and impact the associated Aß-induced cellular response.

Reliability and validity of diabetes nutrition self-efficacy and behavior measures for the "What Can I Eat" diabetes nutrition education program for American Indian and Alaska Native adults with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have high rates of diabetes and limited access to nutrition education. The "What Can I Eat?" (WCIE) diabetes nutrition education program was culturally adapted for AI/AN adults. OBJECTIVE: This analysis was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of items developed to measure diabetes nutrition self-efficacy (i.e., confidence one can engage in specific behaviors) and diabetes nutrition behavior among participants in the WCIE program for AI/AN adults. DESIGN: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the WCIE program for AI/AN adults. Baseline data were used to assess the reliability and validity of the self-efficacy and behavior items, which were collected via survey. Due to COVID-19 safety protocols, the intervention was conducted via Zoom, and both survey and clinical data were collected at home by participants. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The study was conducted from January to December 2021 with five AI/AN-serving health care programs in Oklahoma, Illinois, North Carolina, California, and New York. AI/AN adults with type 2 diabetes who spoke English and had Internet access were eligible. Sixty participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analyses examined validity and reliability of diabetes nutrition self-efficacy and behavior items. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: To test reliability, internal consistency and factor structures of the scales were examined. To evaluate convergent validity, Pearson correlations were computed to examine the association of the self-efficacy and behavior measures with each other and with clinical indicators (i.e., Body Mass Index, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C). RESULTS: Two self-efficacy factors were identified. Each showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach alphas ≥ 0.85; McDonald omegas ≥ 0.88) and was directly associated with diabetes nutrition behavior (Ps < 0.001). The factor assessing Confidence in Using the Diabetes Plate was inversely associated with A1C (Pearson Correlation = -0.32, P = 0.0243). The behavior measure capturing Healthy Nutrition Behavior showed strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.89; omega = 0.92) and was inversely associated with A1C (Pearson Correlation = - 0.38, P = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes nutrition self-efficacy and behavior items developed for the WCIE program for AI/AN adults are valid and reliable. These items can facilitate rigorous and consistent evaluation of the AI/AN WCIE program.

Timely Completion of Direct Access Colonoscopy Is Noninferior to Office Scheduled for Screening and Surveillance.

GOALS: We aimed to evaluate whether direct access colonoscopy (DAC) is noninferior to office-scheduled colonoscopy (OSC) for achieving successful colonoscopy. BACKGROUND: DAC may improve access to colonoscopy. We developed an algorithm assessing eligibility, risk for inadequate preparation, and need for nursing/navigator assistance. STUDY: This was a retrospective, single-center study of DAC and OSC patients from June 5, 2018, to July 31, 2019. Patients were 45 to 75 years old with an indication of screening or surveillance. A successful colonoscopy met 3 criteria: complete colonoscopy (cecum, anastomosis, or ileum), adequate preparation (Boston Score ≥2/segment), and performed <90 days from initial patient contact. Unsuccessful colonoscopy did not meet ≥1 criteria. Secondary end points included days to successful colonoscopy, preparation quality, polyp detection, and 10-year recall rate. Noninferiority against risk ratio value of 0.85 was tested using 1-sided alpha of 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 1823 DAC and 828 OSC patients were eligible. DAC patients were younger, with a greater proportion of black patients and screening indications. For the outcome of successful colonoscopy, DAC was noninferior to OSC (DAC vs. OSC: 62.7% vs. 57.1%, RR 1.16, 95% LCL 1.09, P=0.001). For DAC, days to colonoscopy were fewer, and likelihood of 10-year recall after negative screening greater. Boston Score and polyp detection were similar for groups. Black patients were less likely to achieve successful colonoscopy; otherwise, groups were similar. For unsuccessful colonoscopies, proportionally more DAC patients canceled or no-showed while more OSC patients scheduled >90 days. DAC remained noninferior to OSC at 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: DAC was noninferior to OSC for achieving successful colonoscopy, comparing similarly in quality and efficiency outcomes.

Killing of a Multispecies Biofilm Using Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Targeted Antibiotic Released from High Purity Calcium Sulfate Beads.

BACKGROUND: Multispecies biofilm orthopedic infections are more challenging to treat than mono-species infections. In this in-vitro study, we aimed to determine if a multispecies biofilm, consisting of Gram positive and negative species with different antibiotic susceptibilities could be treated more effectively using high purity antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (HP-ALCSB) containing vancomycin (VAN) and tobramycin (TOB) in combination than alone. METHODS: Three sets of species pairs from bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and clinical isolates, Enterococcus faecalis (EF) and Enterobacter cloacae were screened for compatibility. PA + EF developed intermixed biofilms with similar cell concentrations and so were grown on 316L stainless steel coupons for 72 h or as 24 h agar lawn biofilms and then treated with HP-ALCSBs with single or combination antibiotics and assessed by viable count or bioluminescence and light imaging to distinguish each species. Replica plating was used to assess viability. RESULTS: The VAN + TOB bead significantly reduced the PA + EF biofilm CFU and reduced the concentration of surviving antibiotic tolerant variants by 50% compared to single antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Gram-negative and positive targeted antibiotics released from HP-ALCSBs may be more effective in treating multispecies biofilms than monotherapy alone.

Respecting tribal voices in the development of a gestational diabetes risk reduction preconception counseling program for American Indian/Alaska Native adolescent females: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are disproportionately affected by adolescent obesity, adolescent pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is associated with increased risk for perinatal death, obesity, and subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) for the offspring. Moreover, mothers with GDM are also at increased risk for T2D post-partum. Yet few lifestyle interventions exist to reduce GDM risk prior to pregnancy. We describe the process of adapting an existing validated preconception counseling intervention for AI/AN adolescent girls at-risk for GDM and their mothers. Perspectives and recommendations were gathered from a diverse array of stakeholders to assure the new program called Stopping GDM was culturally responsive and developed with tribal voices and perspectives represented. METHODS: We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with multiple AI/AN stakeholders (n = 55). Focus groups and interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic content approach to construct cross-cutting themes across the focus groups and interviews. RESULTS: Four key themes emerged reflecting issues important to planning a reproductive health intervention: 1) Limited awareness, knowledge, and health education resources about GDM; 2) The importance of acknowledging traditional AI/AN values and the diversity of traditions and culture among AI/AN tribes; 3) The need to cultivate healthy decision-making skills and empower girls to make safe and healthy choices; and 4) Lack of communication about reproductive health between AI/AN mothers and daughters and between AI/AN women and health care professionals. CONCLUSION: Findings have been used to inform the cultural tailoring and adaptation of an existing preconception counseling program, originally designed for non-AI/AN adolescent girls with diabetes, for AI/AN adolescents at-risk for GDM in future pregnancies.

Comparing American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescent Daughters' and Their Mothers' Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Risk for Gestational Diabetes: Implications for Mother-Daughter Communication on Reproductive Health.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe, compare, and examine associations at baseline of reproductive health awareness, knowledge, health beliefs, communication and behaviors related to gestational diabetes (GDM) and GDM risk reduction in a vulnerable population of both American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescent girls and their mothers. METHODS: Descriptive/comparative/correlational analyses examined multitribal baseline data on 149 mother-daughter (M-D) dyads (N = 298; daughter age = 12-24 years) enrolled in a longitudinal study to adapt and evaluate a culturally relevant diabetes preconception counseling (PC) program (Stopping-GDM). The associations between GDM risk reduction awareness, knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors (eg, daughters' eating, physical activity, reproductive-health [RH] choices/planning, M-D communication, daughters' discussions on PC) were examined. Data collected online from 5 national sites. RESULTS: Many M-D lacked awareness/knowledge of GDM and risk reduction. Both M-D were unaware of the girl's risk for GDM. Mothers' knowledge and beliefs on GDM prevention/RH were significantly higher than daughters. Younger daughters had greater self-efficacy healthy living. Overall sample reported low to moderate scores for both M-D communication and daughters' GDM and RH risk-reduction behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge, communication, and behaviors to prevent GDM were low in AIAN M-D, especially daughters. More than daughters, mothers perceive greater risk of GDM for daughters. Early culturally responsive dyadic PC programs could help decrease risk of developing GDM. Implications for M-D communication is compelling.

Reducing Knee Hyperextension With an Exoskeleton in Children and Adolescents With Genu Recurvatum: A Feasibility Study.

Genu recurvatum, or knee hyperextension, is a complex gait pattern with a variety of etiologies, and is often connected with knee weakness, lack of motor control, and spasticity. Because of the atypical forces placed on the soft tissues, early treatment or prevention of knee hyperextension may help prevent further degradation of the knee joint. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of a knee exoskeleton to mitigate hyperextension and increase swing range of motion in five children/adolescents who presented with unilateral genu recurvatum. Over the course of three visits, each participant practiced walking with the exoskeleton, which provided torque assistance during both stance and swing based on an impedance control law. In final validation trials, the exoskeleton was effective in reducing knee hyperextension (0.2 ± 4.7° average peak knee extension without exo to 9.9 ± 10.3° with exo) and improving swing range of motion by 14.0 ± 4.5° increase on average. However, while the exoskeleton was effective in normalizing the kinematics, it did not lead to improved spatio-temporal asymmetry measures. This work showcases a promising potential application of a robotic knee exoskeleton for improving the kinematic characteristics of genu recurvatum gait.

Relationship between food insecurity and a gestational diabetes risk reduction intervention: outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native adolescent and young adult females.

American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are disproportionately impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), subsequent type 2 diabetes, and food insecurity. It is prudent to decrease risk of GDM prior to pregnancy to decrease the intergenerational cycle of diabetes in AI/AN communities. The purpose of this project is to describe and examine food insecurity, healthy eating self-efficacy, and healthy eating behaviors among AI/AN females (12-24 years old) as related to GDM risk reduction. Methods included: secondary analysis of healthy eating self-efficacy and behaviors, and household-level food insecurity measures from an randomized controlled trial that tested the effect of engagement in a GDM risk reduction educational intervention on knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy for GDM risk reduction from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Participants were AI/AN daughters (12-24 years old) and their mothers (N = 149 dyads). Researchers found that more than one-third (38.1%) reported food insecurity. At baseline food insecurity was associated with higher levels of eating vegetables and fruit for the full sample (p = .045) and cohabitating dyads (p = .002). By 3 months healthy eating self-efficacy (p = .048) and limiting snacking between meals (p = .031) improved more in the control group than the intervention group only for cohabitating dyads. For the full sample, the intervention group had increases in times eating vegetables (p = .022) and fruit (p = .015), whereas the control group had declines. In the full sample, food insecurity did not moderate the group by time interaction for self-efficacy for healthy eating (p ≥ .05) but did moderate the group by time interaction for times drinking soda (p = .004) and days eating breakfast (p = .013). For cohabitating dyads, food insecurity did moderate self-efficacy for eating 3 meals a day (p = .024) and days eating breakfast (p = .012). These results suggest food insecurity is an important factor regarding the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce GDM risk and offer unique insight on "upstream causes" of GDM health disparities among AI/AN communities.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women are disproportionately impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM can cause severe perinatal complications for both mother and baby. Weight management through healthy diet and physical activity are key factors in decreasing risk for GDM. However, there are barriers to healthful eating in many AI/AN communities. Food insecurity, defined as the lack of consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life, is a risk factor for unwanted weight gain. Living in a food insecure household during preconception and pregnancy may increase risk of greater weight gain. In this paper, we examined the relationship between food insecurity with healthy eating self-efficacy and behaviors among AI/AN adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (n = 149) through secondary analysis of an existing randomized controlled trial dataset. This study offers unique insight regarding "upstream causes" of GDM health disparities among AI/AN communities. Food security had some moderating effects on individual eating behaviors. Additionally, both healthy eating behavior and self-efficacy for healthy eating improved more among the AYA who experienced food insecurity at baseline. Given the intergenerational implications of GDM, it is prudent that the healthcare sector works with AI/AN communities to support healthful eating behaviors and environments to decrease GDM disparities.

The role of substance use treatment in reducing stigma after release from incarceration: A qualitative analysis.

BACKGROUND: People with substance use disorders (SUD) who have been involved in the legal system often experience stigma upon reentry into the community after incarceration. Although substance use treatment can sometimes be a source of stigma, it may also reduce stigma by facilitating connections with providers, reducing distress, or helping people feel more integrated in their community. However, research has rarely examined the potential for treatment to reduce stigma. METHODS: This study examined stigma experiences and the degree to which substance use treatment reduced stigma among 24 people with SUDs who were receiving care in an outpatient treatment facility after release from incarceration. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed using a content analysis approach. RESULTS: Participants reported negative self-judgements as well as perceiving negative judgments from the community upon reentry. With regard to stigma reduction, themes emerged around substance use treatment repairing strained family relationships and reducing participants' self-stigma. Aspects of treatment that reportedly reduced stigma included the treatment facility having a nonjudgmental atmosphere, patients trusting the staff, and working with peer navigators who had lived experience of SUD and incarceration. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest that substance use treatment has the potential to decrease the negative impacts of stigma upon release from incarceration, which continues to be a major barrier. Though more research on stigma reduction is needed, we suggest some preliminary considerations for treatment programs and providers.

A multi-level intervention to reduce the stigma of substance use and criminal involvement: a pilot feasibility trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Stigma associated with substance use and criminal involvement is pervasive and creates a barrier to evidence-based addiction care within the criminal legal system. Research has yet to examine a multi-level stigma intervention which targets the intersection of these stigmas among both criminal legal staff and legally-involved clients. METHODS: This paper presents the protocol for a non-randomized trial of a multi-level stigma intervention called Combatting Stigma to Aid Reentry and Recovery (CSTARR) that involves two interventions: (1) training for criminal legal staff to address public stigma and (2) group-based acceptance and commitment therapy to address self-stigma among legally-involved adults enrolled in substance use treatment. Staff and client participants are engaged with a program called the Tennessee Recovery Oriented Compliance Strategy in 6 East Tennessee counties. This study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of CSTARR using a type 1 hybrid implementation/effectiveness trial with pre to post follow-up. DISCUSSION: Stigma must be addressed in the criminal legal system to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based addiction care. This study is the first to evaluate a stigma intervention designed for the criminal legal setting and results will be used to inform a larger, randomized controlled trial. The rationale for this study, research design and measures, as well as potential implications for the field are described. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05152342. Registered 11/5/2021 at https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000BIN8&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005X4C&ts=2&cx=-u3wsbx .

The Experiences of American Indian Participants and Site Coordinators in a Gestational Diabetes Risk Reduction Trial.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common complication of pregnancy and contributes to increased risk for type 2 diabetes in both the mother and offspring. We developed and evaluated a gestational diabetes risk reduction and preconception counseling program, Stopping GDM (SGDM), for American Indian females. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of American Indian mother-daughter dyad participants and the site coordinators who facilitated the SGDM randomized controlled trial to inform program revisions. We engaged mother-daughter dyads (n = 22 dyads) and site coordinators (n = 6) in focus group interviews. Four themes emerged: (1) SGDM sparked valuable quality conversation for dyads; (2) gestational diabetes risk factors and risk reduction was new information for most dyads; (3) all trial sites experienced challenges to recruitment and engagement; and (4) study-improvement recommendations. These findings will be used to enhance SGDM to decrease adverse intergenerational health impacts of gestational diabetes in American Indian communities.

Termination From Substance Use Disorder Treatment in the United States: Residential and Outpatient Settings.

OBJECTIVE: As rates of noncompletion in substance use treatment remain high and consequences of noncompletion can be severe, research regarding individual and environmental factors associated with specific types of discharge is crucial. The current study used data from the Treatment Episodes Dataset-Discharge (TEDS-D) 2015-2017 in the United States to investigate the impact of social determinants of health on discharge from treatment due to termination by the treatment facility in both outpatient/intensive outpatient and residential treatment settings. METHOD: A multinomial logistic regression was conducted examining the likelihood of discharge due to termination compared with discharge because of dropout or incarceration. RESULTS: Results revealed differences in termination based on treatment setting, race, income, criminal justice referral, and mental health diagnoses, among others. Broadly across settings, people of color were significantly more likely to be terminated from treatment than to drop out compared with their White counterparts. Further, with little exception, individuals with less financial security (i.e., those who were unemployed, those with low/no income, those with no insurance) were less likely to drop out and more likely to be discharged due to termination across treatment settings. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study further solidify the need for nuanced examination of the reason individuals do not complete substance use treatment and extend the impact of social determinants of health to involuntary termination from substance use treatment.

Evaluation of a Synchronous, Online Diabetes Nutrition Education Program for American Indians and Alaska Natives With Type 2 Diabetes: Facilitators and Participants' Experiences.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the overall experiences of key players involved in a culturally adapted, online, synchronous diabetes nutrition education program across 5 reservation tribal and intertribal urban Indian clinics. METHODS: A multimethods design, including postclass surveys with Likert-scale and short-answer questions, was completed after each of the 5 classes. Participants (n = 54) and class facilitators/coordinators (n = 10) completed postclass surveys (n = 189 and 58, respectively). A subset of participants (n = 24) and all class facilitators/coordinators (n = 10) engaged in online focus groups after the conclusion of program implementation. Qualitative thematic methods and frequency distributions were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Most participants reported that the classes were enjoyable (94%), culturally respectful (77%), and easily accessed online (68%). Qualitative themes included (1) class satisfaction, (2) class improvements, (3) preference for class facilitator, and (4) recommendations to improve recruitment and retention. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings will guide program modifications to provide improved diabetes nutrition education for American Indians and Alaska Natives adults with type 2 diabetes.

A Qualitative Study on Preventing Gestational Diabetes in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Adolescent Females: Perspectives from an Expert Panel of Health Care Providers.

The authors examined perspectives of health care providers (HCPs) who serve Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NH/PI) adolescents to inform the adaption of an existing American Indian and Alaska Native-specific gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk reduction and preconception counseling program entitled Stopping GDM, for NH/PI adolescents. Hawai'i-based HCPs (n=14) who care for NH/PI adolescent females volunteered for this expert panel focus group study. These HCP participants served as an expert panel specific to their experiences in providing primary care and reproductive health care/family planning, and their perspectives regarding GDM risk reduction for NH adolescents. Several key themes emerged from these expert panel focus groups: (1) importance of multi-generational family involvement and support; (2) need to address the social determinants of health; (3) strengths-based strategies and recommendations to engage adolescents in a preconception counseling and GDM risk-reduction education program. Findings will inform the adaptation of Stopping GDM into a more holistic, multi-level, strengths-based, culturally tailored GDM risk reduction intervention that fosters empowerment and builds on the resilience of NH/PI communities.

Mapping bacterial biofilm on explanted orthopedic hardware: An analysis of 14 consecutive cases.

Hardware implanted during primary total joint arthroplasty carries a serious risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The formation of bacterial biofilms, which are highly tolerant of antibiotics and host immunity, is recognized as being a major barrier to treatment. It is not known whether some components and their surface features are more prone to biofilm than others. This study attempted to map biofilm on different components and features of orthopedic hardware recovered during revision. Implant surface culture (ISC) was used on 53 components from 14 hip and knee revisions. ISC achieves a thin agar coating over components, followed by incubation and observation for colony outgrowth over 9 days. Recovered organisms were identified by selective culture and 16s rRNA sequencing. Outcomes were compared with clinical culturing and PJI diagnosis based on 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. ISC paralleled clinical culturing with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 57.1%. When compared to Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria, sensitivity remained at 100% while specificity was 80%. Biofilm accumulation was patchy and heterogeneous throughout different prostheses, though notably the non-articulating surfaces between the tibial tray and polyethylene insert showed consistent growth. On individual components, ridges and edges consistently harbored biofilm, while growth elsewhere was case dependent. ISC successfully identified microbial growth with high sensitivity while also revealing that biofilm growth was commonly localized to particular locations. Understanding where biofilm formation occurs most often on implanted hardware will help guide debridement, retention choices, and implant design.

Examining the Performance of the MMPI-2-RF in a Sample of Pretransplant Military Veterans.

The present study aimed to describe the personality and psychopathology dimensions reported by veterans seeking organ transplantation, as well as to identify those dimensions associated with subsequent presurgical recommendations and transplant outcomes. Data were collected from 245 veterans undergoing a pretransplant psychological evaluation that included the MMPI-2-RF. Three treatment recommendations resulting from these evaluations, three recommendation adherence variables, and two transplant outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. The sample's MMPI-2-RF scale scores were compared to the normative sample and two other presurgical samples and contrasted across subgroups defined by organ transplanted. Point-biserial correlations and logistic regression analyses examined associations between MMPI-2-RF scale scores and the eight measured outcomes. Results indicated that over-reporting, internalizing tendencies, negative emotionality, and a lack of positive emotions were uniquely predictive of mental health treatment recommendation, whereas somatic over-reporting, externalizing tendencies, and disinhibition were predictive of substance use treatment recommendation. Veterans who reported higher levels of activation were less likely to initiate mental health treatment. Finally, veterans with greater somatic preoccupation were less likely to be listed for organ transplant. More suspicious and mistrustful veterans were less likely to receive the transplant. These findings offer support for the role of the MMPI-2-RF in veteran pretransplant evaluations.

The prevalence of wound management physical therapist practice in the state of Texas.

INTRODUCTION: Wound management has become one of the ten physical therapy (PT) certification specialty areas. With this advanced clinical designation opportunity, more PT specialists and residencies with integumentary and wound management expertise will be needed for the educational and practice training of future specialists. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize wound management practice by licensed physical therapists in Texas. METHODS: A Qualtrics survey was distributed to 19,159 licensed physical therapists. The questionnaire contained 23 questions that inquired into the subject's professional background, clinical experience, and opinions of wound care practice. RESULTS: The response rate was 9.6% (n = 1,839) and 1,643 respondents indicated that they were currently practicing. Although 69.1% of active physical therapists (n = 1,136) stated that they had practiced wound care at some point of their career, most of them do not practice wound care anymore and their reasons were discussed. Of those active physical therapists, 41.3% (n = 679) of them reported wound care was being practiced in their facilities, but only 18.3% (n = 311) directly practiced wound care. The respondents felt that the prevalence of wound management physical therapists practice over the last five years has been decreasing. CONCLUSION: The current prevalence of wound management practice is low and a decreasing trend of PT practice in wound care was observed in Texas. A limitation of this study is the low response rate. Future studies across different regions of the country are warranted.

Racial and Ethnic Equity in Care for Hypertension and Diabetes in an Urban Indian Health Organization.

Approximately 70% of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals reside in urban areas. Urban Indian Health Organizations (UIHOs) provide culturally engaged primary care for AI/AN patients and members of other racial and ethnic groups who have experienced disparities in diabetes and hypertension care, and are commonly affected by social and economic barriers to care. We assessed whether disparities were present between the racial and ethnic groups served by the largest UIHO in the USA. We developed retrospective cohorts of patients with hypertension or diabetes receiving primary care from this UIHO, measuring differences between AI/AN, Spanish-preferring Latinx, English-preferring Latinx, Black, and White patients in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean hemoglobin A1c (A1c) as primary outcomes. To assess processes of care, we also compared visit intensity, missed visits, and medication treatment intensity in regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. For hypertension (n = 2148), adjusted mean SBP ranged from 135.8 mm Hg among Whites to 141.3 mm Hg among Blacks (p = 0.06). For diabetes (n = 1211), adjusted A1c ranged from 7.7% among English-preferring Latinx to 8.7% among Blacks (p = 0.38). Care processes for both hypertension and diabetes varied across groups. No group consistently received lower-quality care. This UIHO provided care of comparable quality for hypertension and diabetes among urban-dwelling AI/ANs and members of other racial, ethnic, and language preference groups. Systematic assessments of care quality in UIHOs may help demonstrate the importance of their role in providing care and improve the quality of care.