Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.

Tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en la infancia y adolescencia / Testicular and paratesticular tumors during childhood and adolescence

Introducción: Los tumores testiculares y paratesticulares constituyen el 1-2% de los tumores sólidos en la infancia. Se presenta una serie retrospectiva de 15 casos en menores de 18 años. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 9,7 años, siendo prepuberales 6 (media 2,08 ± 1 año) y puberales 9 (media 15,1 ± 1,3 años). La forma de presentación clínica más frecuente fue una masa testicular indolora. Los niveles de alfa-fetoproteína estaban elevados en 5 pacientes (tumores de saco vitelino y carcinomas embrionarios).El estudio anatomopatológico demostró 11 tumores primarios testiculares y 4 paratesticulares (rabdomiosarcomas), siendo el 60% tumores germinales y el resto de células no germinales. El 60% de ellos fueron tumores malignos (2 tumores de saco vitelino, 2 carcinomas embrionarios, un seminoma y 4 rabdomiosarcomas). Entre los tumores benignos, el más frecuente fue el teratoma quístico maduro. La cirugía fue el tratamiento inicial en todos los casos (orquidectomía radical en 13 tumores y enucleación en 2 teratomas, con linfadenectomía retroperitoneal en 4 casos). En 11 de los pacientes el tumor se encontraba en estadio I y en 4 casos (2 carcinomas embrionarios y 2 rabdomiosarcomas), en estadio IV con metástasis pulmonares. Recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia asociada o no a radioterapia 7 de los pacientes (4 rabdomiosarcomas, 2 carcinomas embrionarios y un seminoma). Conclusiones: Los tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en niños prepuberales son un grupo con unas características epidemiológicas, histológicas, evolutivas y terapéuticas, bien diferenciadas respecto de las encontradas en pacientes pospuberales o adultos(AU)

Introduction: Testicular and paratesticular tumors represent 1-2% of the solid tumors in children. We present a retrospective series of 15 cases in patients less than 18 years of age. Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.7 yrs, 6 of them prepubertal (mean age: 2.08 ± 1 yrs) and 9 pubertal (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.3 yrs). The most common clinical form of presentation was a painless testicular mass. The alpha-fetoprotein levels were high in 5 patients (yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinomas).The pathological study showed 11 primary testicular tumors and 4 paratesticular tumors (rhabdomyosarcomas), with 60% being germinal tumors and the rest non-germinal. Around 60% were malignant tumors (2 from the yolk-sac tumors, 2 embryonal carcinomas, one seminoma and 4 rhabdomyosarcomas). Among the benign tumors, the most common was the mature cystic teratoma. Surgery was the initial treatment in all of the cases (radical orchiectomy in 13 tumors and enucleation in 2 teratomas, with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 4 cases). In 11 patients the tumor was in stage I, while 4 cases (2 embryonal carcinomas and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) were in stage IV with pulmonary metastasis. Chemotherapy whether or not combined with radiotherapy was applied in 7 patients (4 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 embryonal carcinomas and one seminoma). Conclusions: Testicular and paratesticular tumors in prepubertal children show epidemiological, histological, therapeutical and evolutional characteristics well differentiated from postpubertal or adult subjects(AU)

[Testicular and paratesticular tumors during childhood and adolescence]. / Tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en la infancia y adolescencia.

INTRODUCTION: Testicular and paratesticular tumors represent 1-2% of the solid tumors in children. We present a retrospective series of 15 cases in patients less than 18 years of age. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 9.7 yrs, 6 of them prepubertal (mean age: 2.08 ± 1 yrs) and 9 pubertal (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.3 yrs). The most common clinical form of presentation was a painless testicular mass. The α-fetoprotein levels were high in 5 patients (yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinomas). The pathological study showed 11 primary testicular tumors and 4 paratesticular tumors (rhabdomyosarcomas), with 60% being germinal tumors and the rest non-germinal. Around 60% were malignant tumors (2 from the yolk-sac tumors, 2 embryonal carcinomas, one seminoma and 4 rhabdomyosarcomas). Among the benign tumors, the most common was the mature cystic teratoma. Surgery was the initial treatment in all of the cases (radical orchiectomy in 13 tumors and enucleation in 2 teratomas, with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 4 cases). In 11 patients the tumor was in stage I, while 4 cases (2 embryonal carcinomas and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) were in stage IV with pulmonary metastasis. Chemotherapy whether or not combined with radiotherapy was applied in 7 patients (4 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 embryonal carcinomas and one seminoma). CONCLUSIONS: Testicular and paratesticular tumors in prepubertal children show epidemiological, histological, therapeutical and evolutional characteristics well differentiated from postpubertal or adult subjects.

Arritmias auriculares y ventriculares en lactante con tos ferina / Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in a child with whooping cough

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PP078. Total antioxidant capacity in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension: Its relation to maternal and/or perinatal complications.

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, particularly in under-resourced countries, like Mexico. Studies on PIH have shown increased oxidative stress products such as malondialdehyde and decrease of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In this research we measured one marker of oxidative stress (OS) the TAC in patients with PIH and we associated it with the development of maternal and/or fetal complications. OBJECTIVES: Determine whether the plasma level of total antioxidant capacity (as a marker of oxidative stress) influences the development of maternal and/or perinatal complications in patients with PIH. METHODS: A observational, analytical, clinical study was conducted in patients with gestational hypertension (GH), mild preeclampsia (MP), severe preeclampsia (SP) and normal pregnancy (NP) > or = 28weeks gestational age. Serum samples were collected and stored at -70°C until use for the determination of total antioxidant capacity. It was associated with the development of maternal and/or perinatal complications. RESULTS: TAC level in normotensive patients (NP) was mean of 2679 +/- 2014mEq/L while in hypertensive patients (GH, MP, SP) was on mean of 1502 +/-1340mEq/L (p<0.05), in the GH group was 1620 +/-1042mEq/L, in the MP group was 1977 +/-1865mEq/L, in the SP was 819 +/-305meq/L The mean TAC level in the 29 patients who had maternal and/or perinatal complications was 1521mEq/L, while in the 38 patients who showed no maternal and/or perinatal complications the mean was 2355mEq/L (p<0.05). Of the 29 patients who had complications 15 (52%) had greatly diminished TAC levels (less than 1000mEq/L), 9 (31%) had between 1000 and 2500mEq/L and only 5 (17%)>2500mEq/L. 72% (28/39) of PIH group had one or more maternal and/or perinatal complications, while only 1 patient (3.6%) of 28 patients with NP had one or more maternal and/or perinatal complications (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with decreased TAC level had a higher percentage of maternal and/or perinatal complications. Patients with PIH classified as mild preeclampsia, showing reduced TAC level should be in close observation as they have the risk of developing life-threatening complications since management is usually as outpatient.

Enfermedad de Kawasaki en 76 pacientes. Factores de riesgo de aparición de aneurismas coronarios / Kawasaki disease in 76 patients. Risk factors for coronary artery aneurysms

Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una vasculitis sistémica aguda de la infancia, de etiología desconocida, considerada la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida en la infancia en los países desarrollados. Por ello, es importante conocer las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki en nuestro medio y buscar factores relacionados con la aparición de alteraciones cardiológicas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 76 niños diagnosticados de enfermedad de Kawasaki desde enero de 1997 hasta mayo de 2008. Resultados: El 64,5% eran varones, con una edad media de 3 años y 4 meses. Las manifestaciones clínicas principales que presentaron fueron fiebre (media 8,13 días), exantema, hiperemia conjuntival bilateral, afectación bucal, afectación de extremidades, adenopatía única y artralgias. Entre los hallazgos analíticos destacaron leucocitosis, trombocitosis, proteína C reactiva (PCR) y velocidad de sedimentación glomerular elevadas, hipoalbuminemia, hiperbilirrubinemia, aumento de transaminasas y piuria estéril. Presentaron alteraciones coronarias12 pacientes (15,7%), 2 insuficiencia mitral leve y 1 derrame pericárdico leve. Hubo una hepatitis colestásica. Todas las complicaciones se resolvieron sin secuelas. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para la aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo varón (OR = 1,24), exantema urticariforme (OR = 10,53) y PCR > 10 mg/dl (OR = 4,20). Conclusiones: Nuestros pacientes presentaron las manifestaciones clínicas y analíticas típicas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki. El 15,7% tuvo alteraciones coronarias leves. Son factores de riesgo de aparición de aneurismas coronarios el sexo masculino, exantema urticariforme y PCR elevada (AU)

Introduction: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. Material and methods: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. Results: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dl(OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. Conclusions: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms (AU)

[Kawasaki disease in 76 patients. Risk factors for coronary artery aneurysms]. / Enfermedad de Kawasaki en 76 pacientes. Factores de riesgo de aparición de aneurismas coronarios.

INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood, of unknown origin, and is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Therefore, it is important to know clinical manifestations and complications in children with Kawasaki disease in our environment and to look for risk factors for the development of cardiac complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 76 children with Kawasaki disease evaluated from January 1997 to May 2008. RESULTS: Of the patients studied, 64.5% were males. The mean age was 3 years and 4 months. The main clinical findings were fever (mean of 8.13 days), rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, changes in lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, cervical lymphadenopathy and arthralgias. The most important laboratory findings were leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated serum transaminases and sterile pyuria. Twelve of the patients (15.7%) developed coronary artery aneurysms, two patients had a mild mitral insufficiency and one patient with a mild pericardial effusion. There was one case of cholestatic hepatitis. All the complications were resolved without sequelae. Male sex (OR = 1.24), an urticarial exanthem (OR = 10.53) and a C-reactive protein > 10mg/dl (OR = 4.20) were identified as risk factors for coronary aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Our patients had the typical clinical and laboratory findings of Kawasaki disease. Mild coronary artery complications were observed in 15.7% of the patients. Male sex, an urticarial exanthem and an elevated C-reactive protein are risk factors for coronary aneurysms.