Infliximab serum concentrations and disease activity in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies associate the presence of higher serum concentrations of infliximab (IFX) with fistula healing in perianal Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to evaluate serum IFX concentrations in patients with perianal fistulizing CD (PFCD) in the presence or absence of general, clinical, and radiological activities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in patients with PFCD during maintenance treatment with IFX from two centers. Serum IFX concentrations were measured before their next infusion and anal fistulas were evaluated by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whenever possible, performed 90 days before or after serum collection. According to clinical scores, radiological activity, and disease markers, patients were classified as in remission or active disease. Mean serum IFX concentrations were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with PFCD were included. Demographic characteristics were similar in patients with remission or active disease. The overall mean serum IFX concentration of the entire sample (n = 38) was 5.21 ± 4.75 µg/mL (median 3.63; IQR 1.44-8.82). Serum IFX levels were 6.25 ± 5.34 µg/mL (median 3.62; IQR 1.95-11.03) in the 23 (60.5%) patients in remission and 3.63 ± 3.24 µg/mL (median 3.63; IQR 1.32-6.43; p = 0.226) in the 15 (39 .5%) who presented active disease. When evaluating general, clinical, and radiological activity of PFCD, and deep remission in isolation, no statistical difference between the groups was observed (p = 0.226, p = 0.418, p = 0.126, and p = 0.232, respectively). The 13 (34.2%) patients with an optimized dose of IFX had significantly higher serum concentrations than the remaining 25 (65.8%) with a standard dose: 8.33 ± 4.41 µg/mL (median 8.36; IQR 3.82-11.20) vs. 3.59 ± 4.13 µg/mL (median 1.97; IQR 1.18-3.85) -p = 0.002. Patients in remission and with an optimized IFX dose had significantly higher serum IFX concentrations than those with a standard dose (p = 0.006), whereas no significant difference was observed among those with active disease (p = 0.083). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in IFX serum concentrations in patients with clinical or radiological active PFCD as compared with those in remission. Patients with an optimized IFX dose had significantly higher serum concentrations than those with a standard dose. Patients in remission and with an optimized IFX dose had significantly higher serum concentrations than those with a standard dose.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), as well as synergistic and antivirulence assays for eight diterpenes against MDR. The tests revealed that two diterpenes (named 1 and 5) showed the best results, with MIC and MBC between 12.5 and 50 µg/mL against most MDR bacteria. These diterpenes exhibited promising MICB50 in concentration between 3.12-25 µg/mL but showed no synergistic antimicrobial activity. In the assessment of antivirulence activity, diterpenes 1 and 5 inhibited only one of the virulence factors evaluated (Dnase) produced by some strains of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentration (6.25 µg/mL). Results obtained indicated that diterpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresin plays an important part in the search of new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can act against MDR bacteria.

Position of the mandibular canal before and after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a cone beam computed tomographic study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the position of the mandibular canal (MC) before and after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) using cone-beam computed tomography (CT), and to compare the position of the MC in Class II and Class III patients in the preoperative period. Patients were divided into two groups: Class II (n = 38) and Class III (n = 41). Measurements of the superior, inferior, buccal, and lingual distances of the MC in relation to the cortical bone were taken at three levels in the proximal segment of the mandible. Results were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). In the Class II group the superior distance of the MC at levels 2 and 3, and the inferior distance at level 3 significantly decreased after BSSRO. In the Class III group, no significant differences were found at any level, and the inferior distances at all levels were smaller preoperatively than those in the Class II group. In the Class II group the position of the MC altered in relation to superior and inferior cortical bone after BSSRO. However, the position of the MC remained stable in the Class III group. Our results also suggest a deeper cut in inferior cortical bone in Class III patients.

Antinociception induced by artemisinin nanocapsule in a model of postoperative pain via spinal TLR4 inhibition.

Artemisinin (ART) was initially described for the control of inflammation and pain. However, the mechanisms involved with its antinociceptive effect are still poorly understood. Thus, this present study aimed to investigate the effect of ART in both free and nanocapsulated form on postoperative pain, as well as the participation of the spinal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in this process. Postoperative pain was induced using the skin/muscle incision retraction (SMIR) model in male Swiss mice. After 3 and 28 days of SMIR, the animals received an intrathecal injection of free or nanocapsulated ART, and the nociceptive threshold was evaluated by von Frey filament test. To evaluate the involvement of the microglia, astrocytes, and TLR4, minocycline (a microglia inhibitor), fluorocitrate (an astrocyte inhibitor), and Lipopolysaccharide Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), a TLR4 antagonist, were intrathecally injected on the third day of SMIR. The levels of spinal TLR4 protein and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1ß) were quantified by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results showed that free ART reduced postoperative pain (P < 0.001, F5,30 = 7.49, 16.66% for 1000 ng dose; and P < 0.01, F5,30 = 7.49, 14.58% for 500 ng dose) on the 3rd day of SMIR; while the ART nanocapsule had this effect on both the third (P < 0.001; F5,30 = 4.94; 43.75, 39.58 and 72.91% for the 250, 500 and 1000 ng doses, respectively) and 28th (P < 0.05; F5,30 = 7.71; 29.16 and 33.33% for the 500 and 1000 ng doses, respectively) day. The ART nanocapsule had a more potent and longer antinociceptive effect than free ART or morphine. Postoperative pain was also reduced by minocycline and LPS-RS. The ART nanocapsule also reduced the increased levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1ß induced by SMIR. These data suggest that the ART nanocapsule has a potent analgesic effect on postoperative pain at the spinal level, and this response involves the inhibition of TLR4 and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß.

Energy-dependent effect trial of photobiomodulation on blood pressure in hypertensive rats.

The main purpose of this work was to construct an energy-dependent response curve of photobiomodulation on arterial pressure in hypertension animal model. To reach this objective, we have used a two-kidney one clip (2K-1C) rat model. Animals received acute laser light irradiation (660 nm) on abdominal region using different energy (0.6, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 13.8, 28.2, 55.8, and 111.6 J), the direct arterial pressure was measured by femoral cannulation, and systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), heart rate (HR), and time of effect were obtained. Our results indicated that 660 nm laser light presents an energy-dependent hypotensive effect, and 28.2 J energy irradiation reached the maximum hypotensive effect, inducing a decreased SAP, DAP, and HR (decrease in SAP: - 19.23 ± 1.82 mmHg, n = 11; DAP: - 9.57 ± 2.23 mmHg, n = 11; HR: - 39.15 ± 5.10 bpm, n = 11; and time of hypotensive effect: 3068.00 ± 719.00 s, n = 11). The higher energy irradiation evaluated (111.6 J) did not induce a hypotensive effect and induced an increase in HR (21.69 ± 7.89 bpm, n = 7). Taken together, our results indicate that red laser energy irradiation from 7.2 to 55.8 J is the effective therapeutic window to reduce SAP, DAP, MAP, and HR and induce a long-lasting hypotensive effect in rats, with effect loss at higher energy irradiation (111.6 J).

Parasitoids diversity in organic Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) associated with Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Marigold (Tagetes erecta ) / Diversidade de parasitoides em Pimentão Orgânico (Capsicum annuum) associado com Manjericão (Ocimum basilicum ) e Cravo Amarelo (Tagetes erecta)

Abstract The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.

Resumo O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.

Ocorrência de Campylobacter e Enterobacteriaceae em aves silvestres e frangos de corte / Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae in wild birds and poultry

As aves silvestres podem ser reservatório de bactérias patogênicas e atuar como veiculadoras desses microrganismos para o ambiente, os animais domésticos e o homem. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica e Salmonella enterica em aves silvestres capturadas nas áreas próximas de aviários e em frangos de corte alojados nesses estabelecimentos, além de verificar a presença dos genes cdtA, cdtB e cdtC nos isolados de Campylobacter e identificar os sorotipos de Salmonella encontrados. Amostras de fezes de 189 aves silvestres capturadas com redes de neblina nas áreas próximas de 10 aviários e de 200 frangos de corte foram processadas para pesquisa de Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica. Duas espécies de aves silvestres, Sicalis flaveola (canário-da-terra) e Zonotrichia capensis (tico-tico), foram positivas para Salmonella e Campylobacter, respectivamente. Foram isolados Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica de frangos. Todos os isolados de Campylobacter analisados apresentaram os genes cdt. Em dois aviários, Campylobacter foi isolado tanto de frangos como de aves silvestres, entretanto a contaminação mútua entre essas aves não foi comprovada. Este foi o primeiro relato de isolamento de Campylobacter de Z. capensis e de Salmonella do sorotipo Derby de S. flaveola.(AU)

Wild birds can be reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria and act as carriers of these microorganisms to the environment, domestic animals, and humans. Therefore, this study had as objective to verify the occurrence of Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica in wild birds captured in the surroundings of the aviaries and in the broilers housed in these establishments. The presence of the cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes in Campylobacter isolates was also investigated and Salmonella serotypes were identified. Stool samples from 189 wild birds captured with mist nets in around 10 aviaries and from 200 broilers were processed for Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica research. Two species of wild birds, Sicalis flaveola (Saffron Finch) and Zonotrichia capensis (Rufous-collared Sparrow) were positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica were isolated from broilers. The cdt genes were found in all Campylobacter isolates. In two aviaries, Campylobacter was isolated from both broilers and wild birds, however the mutual contamination among these birds has not been shown. This was the first report of Campylobacter isolation from Z. capensis and of Derby Salmonella serotype isolation from S. flaveola.(AU)

Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield.

The objective of the current research was to evaluate transgenerational effects of maternal dietary energy and protein on growth, efficiency, and yield of broiler offspring. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of high and low ME and CP levels fed during the rearing and laying phases was used. The study was a final 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including broiler sex. Ross 708 broiler breeder pullets (n = 933) were fed diets containing 2,736 (HEREAR) or 2,528 kcal/kg ME (LEREAR) with either 15.3% (HPREAR) or 13.7% CP (LPREAR). From 25 wk, dams were fed a 15% CP laying diet containing 2,900 (HELAY) or 2,800 kcal/kg ME (LELAY). Following artificial insemination of the dams at 35 wk, eggs were collected for 1 wk, incubated, and pedigree hatched to preserve maternal identity. Broiler offspring were placed sex-separately into 32 pens, according to laying phase maternal treatments, with rearing maternal treatments nested within pens. Individual BW and pen level feed intake were recorded weekly. Broilers were processed at 40 d of age to evaluate yield. Maternal diet effects on offspring BW were sex dependent and transient. Female LPREAR × LELAY broilers had lower pectoralis major and carcass yield than HPREAR × LELAY females. Male HPREAR × HELAY broilers had increased breast yield (19.8%) compared with 18.4% in HPREAR × LELAY broilers. Carcass yield was lower in LEREAR × HPREAR broilers (63.7%) compared with HEREAR × HPREAR broilers (64.9%). LEREAR × HPREAR dams had the lowest ME to CP ratio (E: P) diets and highest rearing phase CP intake. Maternal diet did not influence offspring FCR. The most consistent contributor to increased BW was higher maternal dietary CP and ME during rearing. Low ME maternal laying phase diets increased BW of male offspring more consistently than of female offspring. Maternal nutrition also influenced broiler yield, and is thus economically important. Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets may have detrimental effects on offspring performance.

The role of oligodendrocytes in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Oligodendrocytes are glial cells responsible for the myelination of axons within the central nervous system. Many studies have demonstrated that glial cells, mainly microglia and astrocytes, are actively involved in many pathological pain states. Although oligodendrocytes have been widely studied in relation to neurodegenerative diseases, their role in pain genesis in the spinal cord is minimally described and not well understood. Few studies have proposed novel molecules or mechanisms of interaction with consistent evidence of oligodendrocyte participation in the central pain process; however, recent findings support a potential role of oligodendrocytes in chronic pain. Therefore, this review aimed to gather and analyze scientific findings related to the contribution of oligodendrocytes to this symptom. Based on these previous studies, we focused on describing the specific mechanisms involved in the participation of oligodendrocytes in pain genesis.

Parasitoids diversity in organic Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) associated with Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Marigold (Tagetes erecta ).

The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.

Avaliação morfofuncional do enxerto de túnica albugínea suína na cistoplastia em ratos / Morpho-fuctional evaluation of porcine tunica albuginea as a graft for cystoplasty in rats

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso da túnica albugínea suína na cistoplastia em ratos, avaliando funcionalidade, capacidade de reparação do órgão e possibilidades de complicações. Foram selecionados 30 ratos Wistar, machos, de seis meses de idade, divididos em: um grupo teste (TA), em que os animais receberam o enxerto de túnica albugínea suína após a cistectomia parcial e um grupo controle (C), em que os animais sofreram somente a cistectomia parcial. Os animais pertencentes a ambos os grupos foram divididos igualmente em subgrupos de cinco animais cada, que sofreram eutanásia em sete, 28 e 42 dias de pós-operatório. Foi realizada uma análise macroscópica e, posteriormente, uma análise histopatológica da região da ferida cirúrgica. Aos sete e 28 dias, os animais pertencentes ao grupo C e ao grupo TA apresentaram urotelização, regeneração da lâmina própria e da musculatura, porém o grupo TA apresentou menores sinais inflamatórios e maior organização tecidual, principalmente com relação à formação das fibras musculares. Aos 42 dias de pós-operatório, ambos os grupos já apresentavam características histológicas normais. Concluiu-se que o enxerto de túnica albugínea suína obteve sucesso na regeneração da bexiga de ratos, mantendo a funcionalidade do órgão, sem rejeição, e favorecendo a migração celular.(AU)

The aim of this study is to evaluate porcine tunica albuginea as a graft for cystoplasty in rats, regarding bladder function, capacity and possible complications. 30 male Wistar rats with six monthes of age have been selected and separated into two different groups: A test group (TA) in which the animals received a tunica albuginea graft after partial cystectomy and a control group (C) in which partial cystectomy was performed, followed by bladder suture. In each group the animals were euthanized at seven, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Macroscopic and Histological analysis have been performed. At seven and 28 days after surgery the samples from both groups had urothelial lining upon a lamina propria and smooth muscle fibers in regeneration process. However, the TA group showed less inflammatory signs and more organized structure, mainly regarding the smooth muscle formation. At 42 days after surgery all groups showed a bladder wall structure qualitatively identical to the normal tissue. We could conclude that tunica albuginea graft is able to maintain bladder function and support cellular migration without any kind of rejection.(AU)

Hypotensive acute effect of photobiomodulation therapy on hypertensive rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on arterial pressure in hypertensive and normotensive rats with application in an abdominal region. Normotensive (2K) and hypertensive (2K-1C) wistar rats were treated with PBM. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before, during and after PBM application. The nitric oxide (NO) serum concentration was measured before and after PBM application. Vascular reactivity study was performed in isolated thoracic aortas. Aluminum gallium arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser was used, at 660nm wavelength and 100mW optical output. The PBM application induced a decrease of SAP in 2K-1C rats. In 2K rats, the PBM application had no effect on SAP, DAP and MAP. Moreover, the magnitude of hypotensive effect was higher in 2K-1C than in 2K rats. The PBM application induced a decrease of HR in 2K-1C and 2K, with higher effect in 2K-1C rats. In 2K-1C, the hypotensive effect induced by PBM was longer than that obtained in 2K rats. PBM application induced an elevation of NO concentration in serum from 2K-1C and 2K rats, with higher effect in 2K-1C. In isolated aortic rings PBM effect is dependent of NO release, and is not dependent of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation. Our results indicate that the abdominal acute application of PBM at 660nm is able to induce a long lasting hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats and vasodilation by a NO dependent mechanism.

Parasitoids diversity in organic Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) associated with Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Marigold (Tagetes erecta )

Abstract The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.

Resumo O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.

Agonistic 4-1BB antibody fails to reduce disease burden during acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this, there are limited therapeutic options. CD8 T cells have an integral role in controlling viral infections; strategies to enhance these responses may be clinically relevant. The T cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1BB, is known to play a role in expansion of antiviral CD8 T cells. In this study, we examined the effect of agonistic 4-1BB antibody at the time of RSV infection in mice. We show that this antibody did not improve outcomes in the setting of RSV infection but rather, led to increased weight loss and a reduction in RSV specific CD8 T cells in the lung. This work suggests caution in the use of agonistic 4-1BB antibody in the setting of viral infections.

Systemic lupus erythematous and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is increasing but data on clinical outcomes are scarce. Interestingly, data on technique failure and peritoneal-dialysis (PD)-related infections are rarer, despite SLE patients being considered at high risk for infections. The aim of our study is to compare clinical outcomes of SLE patients on PD in a large PD cohort. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide prospective observational study from the BRAZPD II cohort. For this study we identified all patients on PD for greater than 90 days. Within that subset, all those with SLE as primary renal disease were matched with PD patients without SLE for comparison of clinical outcomes, namely: patient mortality, technique survival and time to first peritonitis, then were analyzed taking into account the presence of competing risks. RESULTS: Out of a total of 9907 patients, we identified 102 SLE patients incident in PD and with more than 90 days on PD. After matching the groups consisted of 92 patients with SLE and 340 matched controls. Mean age was 46.9 ± 16.8 years, 77.3% were females and 58.1% were Caucasians. After adjustments SLE sub-hazard distribution ratio for mortality was 1.06 (CI 95% 0.55-2.05), for technique failure was 1.01 (CI 95% 0.54-1.91) and for time to first peritonitis episode was 1.40 (CI 95% 0.92-2.11). The probability for occurrence of competing risks in all three outcomes was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: PD therapy was shown to be a safe and equally successful therapy for SLE patients compared to matched non-SLE patients.

The Canadian healthy infant longitudinal development birth cohort study: biological samples and biobanking.

BACKGROUND: It is hypothesised that complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors give rise to allergy and asthma in childhood. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study was designed to explore these factors. METHODS: CHILD is a longitudinal, general population birth cohort study following infants from mid-pregnancy to age 5 years. Over this time period, biological samples, questionnaires, clinical measures and environmental data are collected. RESULTS: A total of 3624 families have been recruited, and many thousands of samples and questionnaires have been collected, annotated, and archived. This report outlines the rationale and methodology for collecting and storing diverse biological samples from parents and children in this study, and the mechanisms for their release for analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The CHILD sample and data repository is a tremendous current and future resource and will provide a wealth of information not only informing studies of asthma and allergy, but also potentially in many other aspects of health relevant for Canadian infants and children.

Effect of maternal dietary energy and protein on live performance and yield dynamics of broiler progeny from young breeders.

The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of female broiler breeder dietary ME and CP during rearing and dietary ME during early lay on broiler offspring performance and carcass yield dynamics. A factorial arrangement of treatments, with 2 ME levels, and 2 balanced protein levels from 3 to 24 wk, followed by 2 ME levels in the lay diets, and in the broilers, 2 sexes. A total of 1,635 broilers were housed in 32 pens, with 8 replicate pens according to maternal laying diet and sex. Maternal pullet diets were nested within pen (n = 9 to 14, depending on hatch rate). The broilers originated from 384 Ross 708 hens, which had been fed diets containing high (2,736 kcal/kg, HEREAR) or low ME (2,528 kcal/kg, LEREAR) combined with either high (15.3%, HPREAR) or low balanced protein (13.7% CP, LPREAR). Equal numbers of hens from each pullet treatment were then fed either a high (2,900 kcal/kg, HELAY) or low ME diet (2,800 kcal/kg, LELAY) containing 15% CP. Broilers were hatched from eggs collected at 28 wk of age, and fed identical diets. Broilers were individually weighed weekly. Serial dissections were conducted to evaluate yield breast muscle and abdominal fatpad dynamics. At 39 d, 180 broilers were processed to measure carcass yield. Female progeny of hens with the lowest CP intake during rearing (HEREAR × LPREAR) were lighter from 22 to 36 d of age than female offspring from hens that consumed more CP as pullets. We predicted the heaviest female progeny would result from an ME:CP ratio of 18.25 kcal/g in maternal pullet diets (P = 0.0063). Broiler breast yield increased when maternal EM:CP ratio increased after switching from pullet to laying diets. Hens fed HEREAR were fatter and had fatter progeny than LEREAR. Maternal diet, even during the pullet phase, influenced progeny growth and yield.

Characterization of Capsicum species using anatomical and molecular data.

Capsicum species are frequently described in terms of genetic divergence, considering morphological, agronomic, and molecular databases. However, descriptions of genetic differences based on anatomical characters are rare. We examined the anatomy and the micromorphology of vegetative and reproductive organs of several Capsicum species. Four Capsicum accessions representing the species C. annuum var. annuum, C. baccatum var. pendulum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens were cultivated in a greenhouse; leaves, fruits and seeds were sampled and their organ structure analyzed by light and scanning electronic microscopy. Molecular accession characterization was made using ISSR markers. Polymorphism was observed among tector trichomes and also in fruit color and shape. High variability among accessions was detected by ISSR markers. Despite the species studied present a wide morphological and molecular variability that was not reflected by anatomical features.

Ricinus communis treatment of denture stomatitis in institutionalised elderly.

This study compared the effectiveness of Ricinus communis (RC) with Nystatin (NYS) and Miconazole (MIC) in the treatment of institutionalised elderly with denture stomatitis (DS). They (n = 30) were randomly distributed into three groups: MIC, NYS or RC. Clinical and mycological evaluations were performed prior to the use of the antifungal (baseline) and repeated after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The sample was clinically examined for oral mucosal conditions. Standard photographs were taken of the palate, and the oral candidiasis was classified (Newton's criteria). Mycological investigation was performed by swabbing the palatal mucosa, and Candida spp. were quantified by counting the number of colony-forming units (cfu mL⁻¹). The clinical and mycological data were analysed, respectively by Wilcoxon and Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Significant improvement in the clinical appearance of DS in the MIC and RC groups was observed between the 1st and 3rd collections (MIC - P = 0.018; RC - P = 0.011) as well as between the 2nd and 3rd collections (MIC - P = 0.018; RC - P = 0.011). Neither groups showed a statistically significant reduction in cfu mL⁻¹ at any time. Although none of the treatments decreased the cfu mL⁻¹, it was concluded that Ricinus communis can improve the clinical condition of denture stomatitis in institutionalised elderly patients, showing similar results to Miconazole.

Gastric Ulcers in Middle-Aged Rats: The Healing Effect of Essential Oil from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae).

The elderly population has experienced increased life expectancy as well as the increased incidence of gastric ulcers. The peels of fruits from Citrus aurantium L., popularly known in Brazil as orange bitter, are commonly used asatea form for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as ulcer and gastritis. We evaluated the healing effects of essential oil from the peels of Citrus aurantium fruits (OEC) on gastric ulcers in middle-aged rats. We examined the effects of a 14-day chronic OEC treatment on gastric mucosa in middle-aged male Wistar rats that were given acetic-acid-induced gastric lesions by morphometric and immunohistological analyses. Oral OEC treatment significantly reduced the lesion area (76%) within the gastric mucosa and significantly increased (P < .05) the height of regenerated mucosa (59%) when compared to the negative control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of the molecular markers such as COX-2, HSP-70, VEGF, and PCNA in the gastric mucosa confirmed that OEC treatment induced healing effects by increasing the number of new blood vessels and by augmenting gastric mucus in the mucosa glands. These results suggest that the oil from Citrus aurantium effectively heals gastric ulcers in middle-aged animals; however, safe use of OEC demands special care and precautions.