RESUMEN
The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic can have an alarming impact on vaccination coverage. WHO, UNICEF and Gavi warn that at least 80 million children under the age of 1 are at risk of contracting diseases such as diphtheria, measles and polio due to the interruption of routine immunization and the temporary suspension of 93 campaigns of large-scale vaccination.In Spain, a new healthcare scenario, which prioritizes telematics over in person, fear of contagion by going to health centers, and recommendations for physical distance and restricted mobility, reduce attendance at primary care centers. Despite recommendations established by the health authorities, vaccination coverage has decreased in all Autonomous Communities between 5% and 60%, depending on the age and type of vaccine. School vaccinations have been suspended and only vaccination of pregnant women against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis has been maintained. The decrease has been more evident for non gratuity vaccines: the first dose of meningococcal vaccine B has decreased by 68.4% in the Valencian Community, and Andalusia has observed a 39% decrease in the total doses of this vaccine and of 18% for that of rotavirus.The recovering of vaccinations should be planned, organized and carried out in the shortest possible time.This article discusses some aspects of the recovery of vaccination coverage for different groups: children, adolescents and adults, and patients at risk and in special situations.
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Deciphering Plasmodium vivax biology has long been a challenge for groups working on this parasite, mainly due to the complications involved in propagating it in vitro. However, adapting P. vivax strains in non-human primates and the arrival of high-performance analysis methods has led to increased knowledge regarding parasite protein composition and the ability of some molecules to trigger an immune response or participate in protein-protein interactions. This review describes the state of the art concerning proteomics-, immunomics- and interatomics-related P. vivax omic studies, discussing their potential use in developing disease control methods.
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Malaria Vivax , Plasmodium vivax , Animales , Proteómica , Proteínas ProtozoariasRESUMEN
Investigating whether high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types tend to become grouped in a particular way and whether factors are associated with such grouping is important for measuring the real impact of vaccination. In total, 219 women proving positive for HPV as detected by real-time PCR were included in the study. Each sample was analysed for detecting and quantifying six viral types and the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Multiple correspondence analysis led to determining grouping patterns for six HR-HPV types and simultaneous association with multiple variables and whether viral load was related to the coexistence of other viral types. Two grouping profiles were identified: the first included HPV-16 and HPV-45 and the second profile was represented by HPV-31, HPV-33 and HPV-58. Variables such as origin, contraceptive method, births and pregnancies, educational level, healthcare affiliation regime, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and viral load were associated with these grouping profiles. Different socio-demographic characteristics were found when coinfection occurred by phylogenetically related HPV types and when coinfection was due to non-related types. Biological characteristics, the number of viral copies, temporality regarding acquiring infection and competition between viral types could influence the configuration of grouping patterns. Characteristics related to women and HPV, influence such interactions between coexisting HPV types reflecting the importance of their evaluation.
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Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Coinfección/epidemiología , Genotipo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Adulto , Coinfección/virología , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The Aotus nancymaae species has been of great importance in researching the biology and pathogenesis of malaria, particularly for studying Plasmodium molecules for including them in effective vaccines against such microorganism. In spite of the forgoing, there has been no report to date describing the biology of parasite target cells in primates or their biomedical importance. This study was thus designed to analyse A. nancymaae erythrocyte protein composition using MS data collected during a previous study aimed at characterising the Plasmodium vivax proteome and published in the pertinent literature. Most peptides identified were similar to those belonging to 1189 Homo sapiens molecules; >95% of them had orthologues in New World primates. GO terms revealed a correlation between categories having the greatest amount of proteins and vital cell function. Integral membrane molecules were also identified which could be possible receptors facilitating interaction with Plasmodium species. The A. nancymaae erythrocyte proteome is described here for the first time, as a starting point for more in-depth/extensive studies. The data reported represents a source of invaluable information for laboratories interested in carrying out basic and applied biomedical investigation studies which involve using this primate. SIGNIFICANCE: An understanding of the proteomics characteristics of A. nancymaae erythrocytes represents a fascinating area for research regarding the study of the pathogenesis of malaria since these are the main target for Plasmodium invasion. However, and even though Aotus is one of the non-human primate models considered most appropriate for biomedical research, knowledge of its proteome, particularly its erythrocytes, remains unknown. According to the above and bearing in mind the lack of information about the A. nancymaae species genome and transcriptome, this study involved a search for primate proteins for comparing their MS/MS spectra with the available information for Homo sapiens. The great similarity found between the primate's molecules and those for humans supported the use of the monkeys or their cells for continuing assays involved in studying malaria. Integral membrane receptors used by Plasmodium for invading cells were also found; this required timely characterisation for evaluating their therapeutic role. The list of erythrocyte protein composition reported here represents a useful source of basic knowledge for advancing biomedical investigation in this field.
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Investigación Biomédica/métodos , Eritrocitos/química , Haplorrinos/sangre , Proteoma/análisis , Animales , Humanos , Malaria Vivax/etiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Plasmodium vivax/química , Proteínas Protozoarias/análisisRESUMEN
El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) emite todos los años sus recomendaciones sobre la vacunación frente a este virus en la infancia y la adolescencia. La vacunación de la gripe es una actuación especialmente beneficiosa cuando va dirigida a personas (niños y adultos) que se incluyen en los grupos de población considerados de riesgo. Sin embargo, muchos niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a estos grupos de riesgo, y sus convivientes, continúan sin recibir, por distintas razones, dicha vacunación anual. Asimismo, se insiste en la recomendación de la vacunación de los profesionales sanitarios. En el presente documento se presentan las recomendaciones para la vacunación antigripal en la temporada 2016-2017, y se explican los fundamentos y limitaciones de las mismas. Es necesaria una mayor implicación de los profesionales, las autoridades sanitarias y todos los agentes sociales para transmitir cada año a la población, y de forma especial a los padres de niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a los grupos de riesgo, las recomendaciones de vacunación frente a la gripe estacional (AU)
The Advisory Committee on Immunization of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics issues its recommendations about vaccination against influenza virus in children and adolescents every year before the onset of the flu season. Influenza vaccination is particularly beneficial when aimed at individuals, both children and adults, who are included in the population groups considered at risk. However, for various reasons, many children and adolescents with underlying conditions and their contacts are still not given this vaccination annually. There is a need for a greater involvement of health professionals, health authorities and all social agents to inform the population, especially to the parents of children and adolescents in those risk groups, on the recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination. In this document, current recommendations for influenza vaccination for the 2016-2017 season are presented, and reasons and limitations are explained. The recommendation for influenza vaccination is emphasized for health professionals (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Conferencias de Consenso como Asunto , Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la Influenza/inmunología , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Vacunación/métodos , Programas de Inmunización/organización & administración , Programas de Inmunización/normas , Vacunas/clasificación , VacunasRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Programas de Inmunización/métodos , Programas de Inmunización/organización & administración , Programas de Inmunización/normas , Inmunización/métodos , Inmunización , Vacunación/métodos , Tétanos/inmunología , Tos Ferina/inmunología , Poliomielitis/inmunología , Haemophilus influenzae/inmunología , Vacunación Masiva/métodos , Programas de Inmunización/tendencias , Programas de Inmunización , Afiliación Organizacional/organización & administración , Afiliación Organizacional/normas , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Difteria/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) annually publishes the immunisation schedule which, in our opinion, estimates optimal for children resident in Spain, considering available evidence on current vaccines. We acknowledge the effort of the Ministry of Health during the last year in order to optimize the funded unified Spanish vaccination schedule, with the recent inclusion of pneumococcal and varicella vaccination in early infancy. Regarding the funded vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, taking into account available data, CAV-AEP recommends 2+1 strategy (2, 4 and 12 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) vaccines and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Administration of Tdap and poliomyelitis booster dose at the age of 6 is recommended, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women, between 27-36 weeks gestation. The two-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 2-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 2-4 years). Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in girls aged 11-12 with a two dose scheme (0, 6 months) should be improved. Information for male adolescents about potential beneficial effects of this immunisation should be provided as well. Regarding recommended unfunded immunisations, CAV-AEP recommends the administration of meningococcal B vaccine, due to the current availability in Spanish communitary pharmacies, with a 3+1 scheme (3, 5, 7 and 13-15 months). CAV-AEP requests the incorporation of this vaccine in the funded unified schedule. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. Annual influenza immunisation and vaccination against hepatitis A are indicated in population groups considered at risk.
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Esquemas de Inmunización , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pediatría , España , VacunaciónRESUMEN
La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en la edad pediátrica ha sufrido, en la última década, una serie de cambios epidemiológicos, clínicos, etiológicos y de resistencias a antibióticos, que obligan a replantear su abordaje terapéutico. En este documento, dos de las principales sociedades de especialidades pediátricas involucradas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad, como son la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica y la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica, así como el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la AEP, proponen unas pautas consensuadas de tratamiento y prevención, con el fin de proporcionar a todos los pediatras una guía actualizada. En esta primera parte del consenso, se aborda el tratamiento de los pacientes sin enfermedades de base relevantes con NAC que no precisan ingreso hospitalario, así como la prevención global de esta patología con vacunas. En un siguiente documento se expondrá el abordaje terapéutico tanto de aquellos pacientes en situaciones especiales como de las formas complicadas de la enfermedad
There have been significant changes in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in the last decade. These changes relate to epidemiology and clinical presentation. Resistance to antibiotics is also a changing issue. These all have to be considered when treating CAP. In this document, two of the main Spanish pediatric societies involved in the treatment of CAP in children, propose a consensus concerning therapeutic approach. These societies are the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases. The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) has also been involved in the prevention of CAP. An attempt is made to provide up-to-date guidelines to all paediatricians. The first part of the statement presents the approach to ambulatory, previously healthy children. We also review the prevention with currently available vaccines. In a next second part, special situations and complicated forms will be addressed
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Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neumonía/mortalidad , Neumonía/etiología , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/prevención & control , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiología , Amoxicilina/administración & dosificación , Amoxicilina/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/tendencias , Haemophilus influenzae tipo b/patogenicidad , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidad , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Streptococcus pyogenes/patogenicidad , Vacunas Neumococicas , Vacunas Conjugadas , Vacunas contra Haemophilus , Vacunas contra la Influenza , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Desde hace más de una década, los casos complicados de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, fundamentalmente con empiema pleural o formas necrosantes, comenzaron a ser más frecuentes en niños, según la amplia documentación procedente de numerosos países. El abordaje terapéutico óptimo de estos casos, tanto desde el punto de vista médico (antibióticos, fibrinolíticos) como técnico-quirúrgico, (drenaje pleural, videotoracoscopia) continúa siendo controvertido. En este documento, la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica y la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica revisan la evidencia científica y proponen unas pautas consensuadas de tratamiento de estos casos, fundamentalmente para el abordaje del derrame pleural paraneumónico en niños, así como la actuación en situaciones especiales, sobre todo en la cada vez más frecuente población pediátrica con enfermedades de base o inmumodepresión
The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia complications has increased during the last decade. According to the records from several countries, empyema and necrotizing pneumonia became more frequent during the last few years. The optimal therapeutic approach for such conditions is still controversial. Both pharmacological management (antimicrobials and fibrinolysis), and surgical management (pleural drainage and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), are the subject of continuous assessment. In this paper, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases have reviewed the available evidence. Consensus treatment guidelines are proposed for complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children, focusing on parapneumonic pleural effusion. Recommendations are also provided for the increasing population of patients with underlying diseases and immunosuppression
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Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/terapia , Neumonía/prevención & control , Neumonía/complicaciones , Derrame Pleural/tratamiento farmacológico , Derrame Pleural/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Toracoscopía/métodos , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/tendencias , Empiema Pleural , Hiponatremia , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Oximetría , Bebidas Energéticas , Respiración Artificial , Ventilación no Invasiva , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
La enfermedad meningocócica invasora, con sus 2 formas de presentación principales (sepsis y meningitis), es una patología grave y potencialmente mortal, causada por distintos serogrupos de Neisseria meningitidis, entre los cuales, actualmente, predomina el serogrupo B en Europa. La mayoría de los casos se producen en la edad pediátrica, con una mortalidad aproximada del 10% y un riesgo de secuelas permanentes del 20-30% entre los supervivientes. Presenta mayor incidencia y letalidad en niños sanos menores de 2-3 años, seguidos de los adolescentes, aunque puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Hasta ahora no se contaba con ningún arma inmunopreventiva contra el meningococo B. Así, con la llegada a España de la única vacuna actualmente disponible, el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) ha analizado detalladamente tanto el potencial preventivo de dicha vacuna, como la situación peculiar administrativa de la misma en España. El objetivo de este documento es informar del posicionamiento del CAV-AEP en relación con la vacuna frente al meningococo B y el acceso a la misma por parte de la población infantil española, teniendo en cuenta que ha sido autorizada exclusivamente para el uso hospitalario en personas de riesgo. En Europa, la vacuna sí está disponible en farmacias, incluso incluida en calendarios oficiales de algunos países o regiones. Este comité considera que Bexsero(R) presenta un perfil de vacuna a incluir en todos los calendarios españoles y que debería estar disponible libremente en farmacias para su administración en todos los niños mayores de 2 meses
Meningococcal invasive disease, including the main clinical presentation forms (sepsis and meningitis), is a severe and potentially lethal infection caused by different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal serogroup B is the most prevalent in Europe. Most cases occur in children, with a mortality rate of 10% and a risk of permanent sequelae of 20-30% among survivors. The highest incidence and case fatality rates are observed in healthy children under 2-3 years old, followed by adolescents, although it can occur at any age. With the arrival in Spain of the only available vaccine against meningococcus B, the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics has analysed its preventive potential in detail, as well as its peculiar administrative situation in Spain. The purpose of this document is to publish the statement of the Committee as regards this vaccination and the access to it by the Spanish population, taking into account that it has been only authorized for people at risk. The vaccine is available free in the rest of Europe for those who want to acquire it, and in some countries and regions it has been introduced into the systematic immunisation schedules. The Committee considers that Bexsero(R) has a profile of a vaccine to be included in the official schedules of all the Spanish autonomous communities and insists on the need for it to be available in pharmacies for its administration in all children older than 2 months
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Niño , Neisseria meningitidis Serogrupo B , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Infecciones Meningocócicas/epidemiología , Vacunas Meningococicas/administración & dosificación , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/tendencias , Infecciones Meningocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Meningocócicas/complicaciones , España/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia complications has increased during the last decade. According to the records from several countries, empyema and necrotizing pneumonia became more frequent during the last few years. The optimal therapeutic approach for such conditions is still controversial. Both pharmacological management (antimicrobials and fibrinolysis), and surgical management (pleural drainage and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), are the subject of continuous assessment. In this paper, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases have reviewed the available evidence. Consensus treatment guidelines are proposed for complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children, focusing on parapneumonic pleural effusion. Recommendations are also provided for the increasing population of patients with underlying diseases and immunosuppression.
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Neumonía Bacteriana/terapia , Neumonía Viral/terapia , Niño , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/terapia , Humanos , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , RiesgoRESUMEN
The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of current vaccines, including levels of recommendation. In our opinion, this is the optimal vaccination calendar for all children resident in Spain. Regarding the vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, the Committee emphasizes the administration of the first dose of hepatitis B either at birth or at 2 months of life; the recommendation of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccine at the age of 12 months, with the second dose at the age of 2-3 years; DTaP or Tdap vaccine at the age of 6 years, followed by another Tdap booster dose at 11-12 years old; Tdap strategies for pregnant women and household contacts of the newborn, and immunization against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years old with a 2 dose scheme (0, 6 months). The Committee reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule, the same as it is being conducted in Western European countries. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine, currently blocked in Spain, exhibits the profile of a universal vaccine. The Committe insists on the need of having the vaccine available in communitary pharmacies. It has also proposed the free availability of varicella vaccines. Their efectiveness and safety have been confirmed when they are administred from the second year of life. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A.
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Esquemas de Inmunización , Vacunas/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Niño , Preescolar , Árboles de Decisión , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , EspañaRESUMEN
El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría actualiza anualmente su calendario de vacunaciones, tras un análisis tanto epidemiológico como de la seguridad, efectividad y eficiencia de las vacunas actuales, incluyendo grados de recomendación. Es el calendario que se estima idóneo actualmente para los niños residentes en España. En cuanto a las vacunas oficiales incluidas en el calendario común, se recalca la posibilidad de vacunar indistintamente frente a hepatitis B desde el nacimiento o desde los 2 meses; la recomendación de la primera dosis de triple vírica y de varicela a los 12 meses y la segunda a los 2-3 años; la administración de la vacuna DTPa o Tdpa a los 6 años, con refuerzo en la adolescencia; estrategias con Tdpa en embarazadas y convivientes del recién nacido, y la inmunización frente al papilomavirus en niñas a los 11-12 años con pauta de 2 dosis (0, 6 meses). Este comité insiste en la vacunación antineumocócica universal, tal y como se está llevando a cabo en todos los países de Europa Occidental. La vacuna frente al meningococo B, autorizada pero bloqueada actualmente en España, presenta un perfil de vacuna sistemática y se reivindica que, al menos, esté disponible en las farmacias comunitarias. Se propone, igualmente, la disponibilidad pública de las vacunas frente a la varicela, ya que han demostrado ser efectivas y seguras a partir del segundo año de vida. La vacunación frente al rotavirus es recomendable en todos los lactantes. La vacunación antigripal anual y la inmunización frente a la hepatitis A están indicadas en grupos de riesgo
The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of current vaccines, including levels of recommendation. In our opinion, this is the optimal vaccination calendar for all children resident in Spain. Regarding the vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, the Committee emphasizes the administration of the first dose of hepatitis B either at birth or at 2 months of life; the recommendation of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccine at the age of 12 months, with the second dose at the age of 2-3 years; DTaP or Tdap vaccine at the age of 6 years, followed by another Tdap booster dose at 11-12 years old; Tdap strategies for pregnant women and household contacts of the newborn, and immunization against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years old with a 2 dose scheme (0, 6 months). The Committee reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule, the same as it is being conducted in Western European countries. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine, currently blocked in Spain, exhibits the profile of a universal vaccine. The Committe insists on the need of having the vaccine available in communitary pharmacies. It has also proposed the free availability of varicella vaccines. Their efectiveness and safety have been confirmed when they are administred from the second year of life. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Programas de Inmunización/ética , Programas de Inmunización/normas , Programas de Inmunización , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-Rubéola/administración & dosificación , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-Rubéola/análisis , Hepatitis A/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Comité de Profesionales/ética , Programas de Inmunización/historia , Programas de Inmunización/provisión & distribución , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-Rubéola/provisión & distribución , Vacuna contra el Sarampión-Parotiditis-Rubéola , Hepatitis A/clasificación , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/provisión & distribución , Comité de Profesionales/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
Introducción y objetivos: La infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) está bien caracterizada en lactantes. Sin embargo, pocos estudios analizan la patología por VRS en niños mayores de 2 años. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer las características de los niños mayores de 2 años hospitalizados a causa de una infección por el VRS, dentro del contexto del estudio multicéntrico FIVE. Pacientes y métodos: Se presenta un subestudio del estudio FIVE (prospectivo, observacional, realizado en 26 hospitales pertenecientes a todas las comunidades autónomas de nuestro país, entre diciembre de 2011 y marzo de 2012), en el que se valoran únicamente los niños mayores de 2 años hospitalizados, tanto con patología de base como sin ella. El estudio FIVE recoge como casos clínicos los niños con una patología subyacente y como controles los niños sanos que fueron hospitalizados a causa de una infección por el VRS (proporción de 1:2). Resultados: Fueron incluidos un total de 225 casos y 460 controles. De ellos, 70 niños eran mayores de 2 años (10,2%), que son los valorados en este estudio. La media de edad fue de 35 meses (con una desviación estándar de 9), el 58% eran varones y el 23% tenían antecedentes de prematuridad. El motivo de ingreso fue la dificultad respiratoria en el 78% de los casos. El 80% de los pacientes precisó oxigenoterapia. Ocho niños (11,6%) precisaron el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos y 1 falleció. El diagnóstico al alta más frecuente fue el episodio de sibilancias recurrentes (62%), seguido de la neumonía (30%). Los mayores de 2 años tenían una patología subyacente (n= 54; 77%) de forma más habitual que los menores (odds ratio= 8,74; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 4,8- 15,7; p <0,0001). Las patologías de base más frecuentes fueron las enfermedades respiratorias (66%), las cardiovasculares (20%) y las neurológicas (11%). Entre las patologías respiratorias, el asma presentó una mayor frecuencia (59%). Conclusiones: Los niños mayores de 2 años que ingresan a causa de una infección por el VRS tienen un riesgo de presentar una patología de base 8,7 veces superior a los menores de esta edad. La patología de base más habitual es el asma. El diagnóstico más común es el de episodio de sibilancias recurrentes, y un porcentaje muy elevado precisa oxigenoterapia (AU)
Title: Epidemiology and clinical evidence of infection by respiratory syncytial virus in children over 2 of age. National multicenter study (FIVE) Introduction and objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are well characterized in infants. However, few studies are focused in RSV disease in children over 2 of age. Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of children older than 2 hospitalized due to RSV infection in the context of the FIVE study. Patients and methods: This is a substudy of the FIVE study (prospective, observational, and multicenter) performed in 26 hospitals in all Spanish regions, between December 2011 and March 2012. In the FIVE study, children under 5 years of age hospitalized due to RSV infection were analyzed, comparing patients with underlying conditions (clinical cases) with a group of previously healthy children (ratio 1/2). In this occasion, 2-5 year-old children were more widely analyzed. Results: A total of 225 cases and 460 controls were included in the FIVE study. Among those, 70 children were >2 years old (10.2%). The mean age was 35 months (SD= 9), 58% were male and 23% had a history of prematurity. Breathlessness was the cause of hospitalization in 78% of cases. Hypoxemia (SatO2 <92%) was present in 80%. Eight children (11.6%) were admitted to PICU and one of them died. The most common discharge diagnose was recurrent wheezing episode (62%), followed by pneumonia in 30%. 77% of children (54) had an underlying disease (OR= 8.74; 95% CI: 4.8 to 15.7; p <0.0001). The most common underlying diseases observed were respiratory (66%), cardiovascular (20%) and neurologic (11%). The most frequent respiratory disease observed was asthma (59%).Conclusions: Children >2 years hospitalized due to RSV infection are at risk from having underlying disease 8.7 times more than the <2 years. The most common underlying pathology is asthma. The most common diagnosis is an episode of recurrent wheezing and most patients need oxygen therapy (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/etiología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/complicaciones , Epidemiología/clasificación , Estudio Observacional , Estudios Prospectivos , Terapia por Inhalación de OxígenoRESUMEN
Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent parasite species causing malaria in humans living in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. There have been few P. vivax proteomic studies to date and they have focused on using clinical isolates, given the technical difficulties concerning how to maintain an in vitro culture of this species. This study was thus focused on identifying the P. vivax VCG-1 strain proteome during its blood lifecycle through LC-MS/MS; this led to identifying 734 proteins, thus increasing the overall number reported for P. vivax to date. Some of them have previously been related to reticulocyte invasion, parasite virulence and growth and others are new molecules possibly playing a functional role during metabolic processes, as predicted by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) functional analysis. This is the first large-scale proteomic analysis of a P. vivax strain adapted to a non-human primate model showing the parasite protein repertoire during the blood lifecycle. Database searches facilitated the in silico prediction of proteins proposed for evaluation in further experimental assays regarding their potential as pharmacologic targets or as component of a totally efficient vaccine against malaria caused by P. vivax. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: P. vivax malaria continues being a public health problem around world. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding genome- and transcriptome-related P. vivax biology, there are few proteome studies, currently representing only 8.5% of the predicted in silico proteome reported in public databases. A high-throughput proteomic assay was used for discovering new P. vivax intra-reticulocyte asexual stage molecules taken from parasites maintained in vivo in a primate model. The methodology avoided the main problem related to standardising an in vitro culture system to obtain enough samples for protein identification and annotation. This study provides a source of potential information contributing towards a basic understanding of P. vivax biology related to parasite proteins which are of significant importance for the malaria research community.
RESUMEN
Meningococcal invasive disease, including the main clinical presentation forms (sepsis and meningitis), is a severe and potentially lethal infection caused by different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal serogroup B is the most prevalent in Europe. Most cases occur in children, with a mortality rate of 10% and a risk of permanent sequelae of 20-30% among survivors. The highest incidence and case fatality rates are observed in healthy children under 2-3 years old, followed by adolescents, although it can occur at any age. With the arrival in Spain of the only available vaccine against meningococcus B, the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics has analysed its preventive potential in detail, as well as its peculiar administrative situation in Spain. The purpose of this document is to publish the statement of the Committee as regards this vaccination and the access to it by the Spanish population, taking into account that it has been only authorized for people at risk. The vaccine is available free in the rest of Europe for those who want to acquire it, and in some countries and regions it has been introduced into the systematic immunisation schedules. The Committee considers that Bexsero® has a profile of a vaccine to be included in the official schedules of all the Spanish autonomous communities and insists on the need for it to be available in pharmacies for its administration in all children older than 2 months.
Asunto(s)
Meningitis Meningocócica/prevención & control , Vacunas Meningococicas , Neisseria meningitidis Serogrupo B , Niño , Europa (Continente) , HumanosRESUMEN
There have been significant changes in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in the last decade. These changes relate to epidemiology and clinical presentation. Resistance to antibiotics is also a changing issue. These all have to be considered when treating CAP. In this document, two of the main Spanish pediatric societies involved in the treatment of CAP in children, propose a consensus concerning therapeutic approach. These societies are the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Chest Diseases. The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) has also been involved in the prevention of CAP. An attempt is made to provide up-to-date guidelines to all paediatricians. The first part of the statement presents the approach to ambulatory, previously healthy children. We also review the prevention with currently available vaccines. In a next second part, special situations and complicated forms will be addressed.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/prevención & control , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/terapia , Neumonía Bacteriana/prevención & control , Neumonía Bacteriana/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Sociedades Médicas , EspañaRESUMEN
Introducción: la enfermedad meningocócica es una infección grave causada por Neisseria meningitidis, cuyo serogrupo predominante actualmente es el B, para el que ha sido complejo crear vacunas efectivas y, por tanto, difícil modificar o reducir su morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los datos existentes sobre la nueva vacuna 4 CMenB y sus posibles aportaciones en la prevención de esta infección. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de autor dirigida por 12 especialistas relacionados con la Pediatría, Vacunología y Salud Pública, que priorizó 74 publicaciones, para preparar un documento de revisión sobre la vacuna. El documento se trabajó en una reunión presencial y se validó posteriormente mediante correo electrónico. Resultados: la vacuna 4 CMenB, basada en cuatro componentes (NadA, fHbp, NHBA y OMVnz), se ha diseñado mediante Vacunología inversa. El Meningococcal Antigen Typing System muestra una potencial cobertura del 70-80% de las cepas circulantes en Europa. Los ensayos clínicos demuestran que la vacuna es inmunógena y segura en lactantes, niños, adolescentes y adultos, e induce memoria inmunológica. La incidencia de fiebre es similar a la de las vacunas sistémicas si se administra sola, pero resulta mayor cuando se coadministra con ellas, aunque el patrón de fiebre es predecible y autolimitado. Es compatible con la mayoría de las vacunas incluidas en el calendario sistemático español, pudiendo administrarse simultáneamente con las vacunas hexavalente y pentavalente actualmente disponibles, así como con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente. Aún no hay datos disponibles respecto al uso concomitante con la vacuna antimeningocócica C y las vacunas antineumocócicas de amplio espectro. Conclusiones: la vacuna 4 CMenB, por el momento, es la única estrategia disponible para prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B (AU)
Introduction: meningococcal disease is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and those of serogroup B are currently the most predominant. It has been difficult to create effective vaccines for this serogroup in order to modify or reduce its morbidity. The aim of this study was to review existing data on the new vaccine 4 CMenB and its potential contribution to the prevention of this infection. Methods: a panel of 12 experts (from Pediatrics, Public Health and Vaccinology background) conducted a literature search and prioritized 74 publications. A review of the vaccine was then prepared, it was discussed in a meeting and subsequently validated by e-mail. Results: 4 CMenB vaccine, based on four components (NadA, fHbp, NHBA and OMVnz), was designed by reverse Vaccinology. The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System shows a potential of 70-80% coverage of the strains in Europe. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in infants, children, adolescents, and adults, and induces an anamnestic response. The incidence of fever is similar to systemic vaccines administered alone, but higher when coadministered with them, although the fever pattern is predictable and self-limited. It is compatible with the Spanish routine vaccines, and can be administered simultaneously with the currently available hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines, as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Conclusions: the 4 CMenB vaccine is the only currently available strategy to prevent meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neisseria meningitidis Serogrupo B/patogenicidad , Infecciones Meningocócicas/epidemiología , Vacunas Meningococicas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Meningococicas/farmacología , Meningitis Meningocócica/prevención & control , España/epidemiología , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad meningocócica es una infección grave causada por Neisseria meningitidis, cuyo serogrupo predominante actualmente es el B, para el que ha sido complejo crear vacunas efectivas y, por tanto, difícil modificar o reducir su morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los datos existentes sobre la nueva vacuna 4 CMenB y sus posibles aportaciones en la prevención de esta infección. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de autor dirigida por 12 especialistas relacionados con la pediatría, vacunología y salud pública, que priorizó 74 publicaciones, para preparar un documento de revisión sobre la vacuna. El documento se trabajó en una reunión presencial y validó posteriormente mediante correo electrónico. RESULTADOS: La vacuna 4 CMenB, basada en 4 componentes (NadA, fHbp, NHBA y OMVnz), se ha diseñado mediante vacunología inversa. El Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) muestra una potencial cobertura del 70-80% de las cepas circulantes en Europa. Los ensayos clínicos demuestran que la vacuna es inmunógena y segura en lactantes, niños, adolescentes y adultos, e induce memoria inmunológica. La incidencia de fiebre es similar a las de vacunas sistémicas administrada sola, pero mayor cuando se coadministra con ellas, aunque el patrón de fiebre es predecible y autolimitado. Es compatible con las demás vacunas incluidas en el calendario sistemático español, pudiendo administrarse simultáneamente con las vacunas hexavalente y pentavalentes actualmente disponibles, así como con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente. CONCLUSIONES: La vacuna 4 CMenB, por el momento, es la única estrategia disponible para prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B
INTRODUCTION: Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and those of serogroup B are currently the most predominant. It has been difficult to create effective vaccines for this serogroup in order to modify or reduce its morbidity. The aim of this study was to review existing data on the new vaccine 4 CMenB and its potential contribution to the prevention of this infection. METHODS: A panel of 12 experts (from Pediatrics, Public Health and Vaccinology) conducted a literature search and prioritized 74 publications. A review of the vaccine was then prepared, which was discussed in a meeting and subsequently validated by e-mail. RESULTS: 4 CMenB vaccine, based on four components (NadA, fHbp, NHBA and OMVnz), was designed by reverse vaccinology. The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) shows a potential of 70-80% coverage of the strains in Europe. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in infants, children, adolescents, and adults, and induces an anamnestic response. The incidence of fever is similar to systemic vaccines administered alone, but higher when co-administered with them, although the fever pattern is predictable and self-limited. It is compatible with the Spanish routine vaccines, and can be administered simultaneously with the currently available hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines, as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The 4 CMenB vaccine is the only strategy currently available to prevent meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neisseria meningitidis Serogrupo B/patogenicidad , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Vacunas Meningococicas/administración & dosificación , Meningitis Meningocócica/prevención & control , Meningitis Meningocócica/epidemiología , Portador Sano/transmisión , Sepsis/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Precoz , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
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