RESUMEN
This clinical study was performed to evaluate the effects of continuous apple polyphenol (AP) administration on facial skin conditions and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in healthy women participants. Participants (n = 65, age 20-39 years) were randomized to receive tablets containing AP (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks significantly prevented UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation (erythema value, melanin value, L value), although a dose-dependent relationship was not clearly observed. In contrast, no significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to water content and trans-epidermal water loss. Our study demonstrated that APs and their major active compounds, procyanidins, have several health benefits. Here, we report that continuous administration of AP for 12 weeks alleviated UV irradiation induced skin pigmentation, when compared with placebo, in healthy women.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Clorogénico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Flavonoides/administración & dosificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Taninos/administración & dosificación , Taninos/farmacología , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Pérdida Insensible de Agua/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Agua Corporal/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proantocianidinas/administración & dosificación , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Piel/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/prevención & control , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Factores de Tiempo , Pérdida Insensible de Agua/efectos de la radiación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A series of supramolecular complexes formed between oxotitanium(IV) phthalocyanine and apple procyanidins have exhibited characteristic bisignate CD signals in the Q region (ca. 700 nm). The helicity of the oligomeric procyanidins is proposed to be left-handed on the basis of the CD analyses. [structure: see text]
Asunto(s)
Biflavonoides/química , Catequina/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Titanio/química , Dicroismo Circular , Malus/química , Estructura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated the absorption of apple procyanidins, namely, apple condensed tannins (ACTs), in rats using the Porter method and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The apple procyanidin concentrations in the rat plasma reached a maximum 2 h after administration and decreased thereafter. To investigate the limits of the absorption of apple procyanidins in the polymerization degree, we administered the procyanidin oligomer fraction, which was separated from ACT using normal-phase chromatography according to the degree of polymerization. Procyanidins from each dimer to pentamer group were detected in the plasma by the Porter method. Moreover, by the study using reconstituted procyanidins, polymeric procyanidins influenced the absorption of procyanidin oligomers. These results suggest that ACTs are absorbed and directly involved in physiological functions in the rats.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Frutas/química , Malus/química , Espectrometría de Masas , Proantocianidinas/administración & dosificación , Proantocianidinas/farmacocinética , Absorción , Animales , Dimerización , Flavonoles/análisis , Proantocianidinas/sangre , RatasRESUMEN
Our previously reported method for the fractionation of apple procyanidins was modified successfully to achieve the separation of (epi)catechins and procyanidins (ranging from dimers to octamers) according to the degree of polymerization. Normal-phase chromatography was employed, using a hexane-methanol-ethyl acetate mixture as the mobile phase. Each fraction was characterized using high-performance liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). This method will be useful for the evaluation of the physiological functions of proanthocyanidins and for the elucidation of their individual structures.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Malus/química , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos , Biopolímeros , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The effects of apple polyphenols on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells were investigated. The inhibitory effect of apple polyphenols was stronger than that of arbutin or kojic acid. Three polyphenol fractions (phenolic acid derivatives, procyanidins and other flavonoids) were isolated, and the procyanidins were fractionated according to the degree of polymerization using normal-phase chromatography. The procyanidin trimer-to-pentamer fractions were found to have the most pronounced effect on melanogenesis. Furthermore, each procyanidin fraction inhibited mushroom tyrosinase. No correlation between the degree of procyanidin polymerization and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed. Nevertheless, these observations suggest that procyanidins are effective inhibitors of tyrosinase.
