Working with emotion predicts sudden gains during experiential therapy for depression.

Objective: This study involves the first attempt to identify sudden gains in a sample of clients undergoing experiential therapy for depression while also investigating client and therapist change processes related to sudden gains.Method: Pre- and post-session Beck Depression Inventory, short form (BDI-SF) questionnaires were used to identify sudden gains and differentiate between in-session and between-session symptom changes in thirty-six client-therapist dyads. Archival videotape data of a sub-sample were coded using the Experiencing Scale, Classification of Affective Meaning States, and the Coding System for Therapist Focus.Results: The study revealed that 63.9% of clients experienced a sudden gain and the bulk of the total mean symptom decrease (74.9%) was found to occur within the session preceding the sudden gain. During this critical session, clients were more likely to display deepened experiencing (p < .01, η2 = .34), clients were more likely to express "primary adaptive emotions" (p < .05, r = .38), and therapists were found to be more likely to focus on unmet client needs (p < .01, d = .75).Conclusion: The majority of the sudden gain change occurs within session in experiential therapy, and primary adaptive emotions as well as addressing unmet needs are possible processes of sudden gains.

Emotional processing in an expressive writing task on trauma.

BACKGROUND: The current study examined expressive writing by investigating two aspects of emotional processing: depth of experiencing and order of emotional processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 110 undergraduates, who suffered traumas, were instructed to write based on differing theories of emotional processing. Participant narratives were coded for depth of emotional processing and the presence of key emotions. To assess outcome, anxiety was measured at baseline and two weeks following writing. RESULTS: Depth of emotional processing differed as a function of condition and writing session. Moreover, a significant negative relationship was found between changes in the depth of emotional processing and anxiety symptoms (r = -.209, p < .05), such that an increase in experiencing corresponded to a decrease in overall anxiety. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that writing instructions might differentially promote emotional processing over time and that promoting deepened emotional processing might facilitate reductions in anxiety.