RESUMEN
Infants who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected (iHEU) experience higher risk of infectious morbidity than infants HIV-unexposed uninfected (iHUU). We compared tuberculosis (TB) infection prevalence in 418 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated sub-Saharan African iHEU and iHUU aged 9-18 months using T-SPOT.TB. Prevalence of TB infection was low and did not differ by HIV exposure status.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Tuberculosis Latente , Tuberculosis , Lactante , Humanos , Niño , VIH , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for nearly 85% of the global cervical cancer burden, yet have the least access to high-performance screening. International guidelines recommend human papillomavirus testing (HPV) as primary screening, yet implementation is inhibited by the cost of HPV testing. Atila AmpFire® HPV Assay (AmpFire) is both affordable and easy to use, and offers individual genotyping. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the AmpFire HPV assay to the Xpert® HPV assay in detection of both HPV and clinically significant cervical disease. METHODS: We utilized stored cervical specimens from a prospective cohort study of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Botswana conducted from May to July 2018. Positive and negative percent agreement was calculated for the AmpFire and Xpert assays, as was detection of high-grade cervical dysplasia. RESULTS: 63 stored cervical specimens had detectable DNA after thawing and were included in the analysis. The positive percent agreement was 91.2% (95%CI 76.3-98.1) and negative percent agreement was 79.3% (95% CI 60.3-92.0). Six cases positive by AmpFire but negative by Xpert were HPV genotypes 35, 52 (n = 2), 58, 68, and co-infection with HPV 45 and 68. Both Xpert and AmpFire assays detected HPV in all 10 samples of women who had high-grade cervical dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The AmpFire HPV assay demonstrated excellent analytic performance in both detection of HPV and clinically significant cervical disease. AmpFire HPV is a promising option to increase access to affordable, type-specific HPV screening for cervical cancer in LMICs.
RESUMEN
Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for nearly 85% of the global cervical cancer burden, yet have the least access to high-performance screening. International guidelines recommend human papillomavirus testing (HPV) as primary screening, yet implementation is inhibited by the cost of HPV testing.Atila AmpFire HPV Assay (AmpFire) is both affordable and easy to use, and offers individual genotyping. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the AmpFire HPV assay to the Xpert HPV assay in detection of both HPV and clinically significant cervical disease. Methods: We utilized stored cervical specimens from a prospective cohortstudy of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Botswana conducted from May to July 2018. Positive and negative percent agreement was calculated for the AmpFire and Xpert assays, as was detection of high-grade cervical dysplasia. Results : 63 stored cervical specimens haddetectable DNA after thawing and were included in the analysis. The positive percent agreement was 91.2% (95%CI: 76.3-98.1) and negative percent agreement was 79.3% (95% CI: 60.3-92.0). Six cases positive by AmpFire but negative by Xpert were HPV genotypes 35, 52 (n=2), 58, 68, and co-infection with HPV 45 and 68. Both Xpert and AmpFire assays detected HPV in all 10 samples of women who had high-grade cervical dysplasia. Conclusions : The AmpFire HPV assay demonstrated excellent analytic performance in both detection of HPV and clinically significant cervical disease. AmpFire HPV is a promising option to increase access to affordable, type-specific HPV screening for cervical cancer in LMICs.
