Comprehensive motivational framework to drive paddy farmers towards pluriactivity.

Pluriactivity is a livelihood strategy in line with rural resilience. It is a phenomenon of farming in conjunction with other gainful activities. In pluriactivity, the desire and motivation of setting up an extra business and taking necessary actions are crucial. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the underlying components of pluriactive paddy farmers' motivation and also the factors affecting them. The study was implemented based on the quantitative data obtained from 182 pluriactive paddy farmers. The results of the exploratory factor analysis accentuated that there are three components in each of the pull and push typologies. The components related to pull motivation included personal aspirations and pursuit (C1), proper conditions and facilities (C2) and growth and service markets (C3). Likewise, the components related to push motivation included financial status and job creation improvement (C4), uncertainty and risk mitigation (C5) and paddy farming economic enhancement (C6). Also, it was revealed that two motivational components of personal aspirations and pursuits (C1) and financial status and job creation improvement (C4) are attributed to paddy farmer's age of the pluriactivity initiation and also the farm size variables. It is imperative to consider both pull and push strategies in directing paddy farmers towards extension and development of pluriactivity in rural areas to enable farmers achieve sustainable livelihood in line with rural resilience.

How does Identity Theory contribute to the Continuance Use of E-learning: The mediating role of Inertia and moderating role of computer Self-efficacy.

Despite e-learning's rapid growth and significant benefits, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, retaining students in this educational environment is a critical challenge in the post-corona era. Therefore, our research was conducted to explore how we can promote the continuance use of e-learning (CUEL) platforms. More specifically, this study examines how identity, inertia, and computer self-efficacy affect CUEL. Data were collected from 384 users and provided support for the model. The results indicated that social identity, relational identity, and inertia are critical determinants of CUEL. Furthermore, inertia mediates the relation between social identity and CUEL. In addition, we found that computer self-efficacy moderates the relation of inertia and relational identity with CUEL, but its moderating effect on the influence of social identity and CUEL is not supported. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.