Adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment for severe pediatric malaria: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in Mozambican children.

OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment would reduce levels of circulating angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) and improve outcomes of Mozambican children with severe malaria. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rosiglitazone vs placebo as adjunctive treatment to artesunate in children with severe malaria was conducted. A 0.045 mg/kg/dose of rosiglitazone or matching placebo were administered, in addition to standard of malaria care, twice a day for 4 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of decline of Angpt-2 over 96 hours. Secondary outcomes included the longitudinal dynamics of angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1) and the Angpt-2/Angpt-1 ratio over 96 hours, parasite clearance kinetics, clinical outcomes, and safety metrics. RESULTS: Overall, 180 children were enrolled; 91 were assigned to rosiglitazone and 89 to placebo. Children who received rosiglitazone had a steeper rate of decline of Angpt-2 over the first 96 hours of hospitalization compared to children who received placebo; however, the trend was not significant (P = 0.28). A similar non-significant trend was observed for Angpt-1 (P = 0.65) and the Angpt-2/Angpt-1 ratio (P = 0.34). All other secondary and safety outcomes were similar between groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive rosiglitazone at this dosage was safe and well tolerated but did not significantly affect the longitudinal kinetics of circulating Angpt-2.

Evaluation of the Performance of a 3D-Printed Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool for Retinal Pathology in Mozambique.

Low-income countries carry approximately 90% of the global burden of visual impairment, and up to 80% of this could be prevented or cured. However, there are only a few studies on the prevalence of retinal disease in these countries. Easier access to retinal information would allow differential diagnosis and promote strategies to improve eye health, which are currently scarce. This pilot study aims to evaluate the functionality and usability of a tele-retinography system for the detection of retinal pathology, based on a low-cost portable retinal scanner, manufactured with 3D printing and controlled by a mobile phone with an application designed ad hoc. The study was conducted at the Manhiça Rural Hospital in Mozambique. General practitioners, with no specific knowledge of ophthalmology or previous use of retinography, performed digital retinographies on 104 hospitalized patients. The retinographies were acquired in video format, uploaded to a web platform, and reviewed centrally by two ophthalmologists, analyzing the image quality and the presence of retinal lesions. In our sample there was a high proportion of exudates and hemorrhages-8% and 4%, respectively. In addition, the presence of lesions was studied in patients with known underlying risk factors for retinal disease, such as HIV, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Our tele-retinography system based on a smartphone coupled with a simple and low-cost 3D printed device is easy to use by healthcare personnel without specialized ophthalmological knowledge and could be applied for the screening and initial diagnosis of retinal pathology.