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OBJECTIVE: Blood transfusion services are an essential part of any healthcare delivery system in today's clinical world with advanced medicines because blood is in high demand during various medical emergencies. Improving knowledge and hastening the development of a positive attitude toward blood donation in society should be the goal of developing an efficient strategy for sustaining a safe and adequate blood supply. AIM: The study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, and motivation toward blood donation among urban and rural patients attending the outreach program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who attended the outreach program held by the Dental College of Uttar Pradesh were subjected to a questionnaire survey to determine their level of knowledge regarding blood donation. Further, an education-based intervention was done among the camp patients to assess the change in their learning after the intervention. The difference between the individual responses prior to and following the intervention was analyzed using the chi-square test. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Urban patients comprise 186 males (44.28%) and 234 females (55.72%). Among the rural patients, 205 (45.55%) were males and 245 were females (54.45%). About 48.80% of the urban patients and 48.88% of the rural patients were Hindus while the remaining were Muslims. Only 22.14% of urban patients and 16.88% of rural patients had donated blood till now. The comparison after the intervention for rural patients showed a significant improvement in the level of knowledge and awareness. CONCLUSION: Although it is quite common knowledge that rural people require more awareness and education related to health, after the conduction of our study, we have resolute evidence that demands thorough IEC and health information activities for the welfare of rural people and to diminish the divide.
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BACKGROUND: The use of tobacco in modern life leads to major epidemic disease resulting in social, financial, and environmental problems. In 1975, the first anti-tobacco legislation was passed which was incompetent; however, in 2003 "Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Bill" was passed which represents effectiveness in tobacco control. Thus, the aim was to assess the implementation of various sections of COTPA like Sections 4, 5, 6-a, and 6-b, and 7, 8, and 9 in public places of Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in open places of Delhi in which 376 public places were visited for observing the compliance of Section 4 of COTPA, 350 places for observing the compliance of Section 5 of COTPA, and 70 educational institutions for observing the compliance of Section 6(a) and 6(b) of COTPA, and data were recorded through direct observation. RESULTS: From a total of 376 places visited, smoking was seen in 59.28% of the places visited in Delhi which is against Section 4 of COTPA. For the compliance of Section 5, 97.42% were as per the COTPA specification; however, the compliance of Section 6-a was 68.57% and Section 6-b was 52.85%. In Delhi, 100% compliance of Sections 7, 8, and 9 has been observed. CONCLUSION: The finding of our study suggests that after years of implementation of the COTPA Act 2003, it is executed only to a certain degree in Delhi. For effective implementation of act, various health policy makers, institutions, media, NGOs, and so on can help in minimizing the usage.
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AIM: This study was conducted with an aim to systematically review the literature for assessing the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in detection of dental caries. INTRODUCTION: Despite the advancements in oral disease science, dental caries continues to be a worldwide health concern, affecting humans of all ages. Correct diagnosis of caries is critical both in clinical practice as well as in epidemiology and radiography are worthwhile adjunct for a thorough examination. RESULTS: A literature review was performed in PubMed Central and Cochrane library, Embase, and Google Scholar, and these databases were searched up to 2016. The primary outcome measure was to assess the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in the detection of dental caries based on sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity for conventional radiographs for the detection of lesions in enamel (16-68%) and dentin (16-96%) was found to be superior as compared with other modalities of digital radiography, whereas the specificity of digital radiography was found to be superior in detection of lesion in enamel (77-96%) and dentin (84-100%) when compared with conventional radiography. Sensitivity of conventional radiographs was noted to be superior as compared with digital radiography, whereas in terms of specificity, digital was found to be superior to conventional radiographs. CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference between digital and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of caries, conventional radiographs were able to detect carious lesion, in general, but for lesion to be detected precisely, digital was found to be superior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: As digital radiography produces lower ionizing radiation, dental professionals should employ this method in their routine dental practice for diagnosing and treating carious lesions.
