RESUMEN
The principal nature-based solution for offsetting relative sea-level rise in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta is the unabated delivery, dispersal, and deposition of the rivers' ~1 billion-tonne annual sediment load. Recent hydrological transport modeling suggests that strengthening monsoon precipitation in the 21st century could increase this sediment delivery 34-60%; yet other studies demonstrate that sediment could decline 15-80% if planned dams and river diversions are fully implemented. We validate these modeled ranges by developing a comprehensive field-based sediment budget that quantifies the supply of Ganges-Brahmaputra river sediment under varying Holocene climate conditions. Our data reveal natural responses in sediment supply comparable to previously modeled results and suggest that increased sediment delivery may be capable of offsetting accelerated sea-level rise. This prospect for a naturally sustained Ganges-Brahmaputra delta presents possibilities beyond the dystopian future often posed for this system, but the implementation of currently proposed dams and diversions would preclude such opportunities.
RESUMEN
The DFT study on the adsorption behaviour of the C24, B12N12, and Al12N12 nanocages and their heteronanocages towards the anticancer drug cisplatin (CP) was performed in gas and water media. Among the three pristine nanocages, Al12N12 exhibited high adsorption energy ranging from -1.98 to -1.63 eV in the gas phase and -1.47 to -1.39 eV in water media. However, their heterostructures C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6 showed higher interaction energies (-2.22 eV and -2.14 eV for C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6) with a significant amount of charge transfer. Noteworthy variations in electronic properties were confirmed by FMO analysis and DOS spectra analysis after the adsorption of the cisplatin drug on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages. Furthermore, an analysis of quantum molecular descriptors unveiled salient decrement in global hardness and increments in electrophilicity index and global softness occurred after the adsorption of CP on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6. On the other hand, the above-mentioned fluctuations are not so noteworthy in the case of the adsorption of CP on Al12N12, C12-B6N6, and C12-Al6N6. Concededly, energy calculation, FMO analysis, ESP map, DOS spectra, quantum molecular descriptors, dipole moment, COSMO surface analysis, QTAIM analysis, and work function analysis predict that B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages exhibit high sensitivity towards CP drug molecules.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current methods widely deployed for colorectal cancers (CRC) screening lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity required for population-based early disease detection. Cancer-specific protein biomarkers are thought to be produced either by the tumor itself or other tissues in response to the presence of cancers or associated conditions. Equally, known examples of cancer protein biomarkers (e.g., PSA, CA125, CA19-9, CEA, AFP) are frequently found in plasma at very low concentration (pg/mL-ng/mL). New sensitive and specific assays are therefore urgently required to detect the disease at an early stage when prognosis is good following surgical resection. This study was designed to meet the longstanding unmet clinical need for earlier CRC detection by measuring plasma candidate biomarkers of cancer onset and progression in a clinical stage-specific manner. EDTA plasma samples (1 µL) obtained from 75 patients with Dukes' staged CRC or unaffected controls (age and sex matched with stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria) were assayed for expression of 92 human proteins employing the Proseek® Multiplex Oncology I proximity extension assay. An identical set of plasma samples were analyzed utilizing the Bio-Plex Pro™ human cytokine 27-plex immunoassay. RESULTS: Similar quantitative expression patterns for 13 plasma antigens common to both platforms endorsed the potential efficacy of Proseek as an immune-based multiplex assay for proteomic biomarker research. Proseek found that expression of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), IL-8 and prolactin are significantly correlated with CRC stage. CONCLUSIONS: CEA, IL-8 and prolactin expression were found to identify between control (unaffected), non-malignant (Dukes' A + B) and malignant (Dukes' C + D) stages.
