Assessment of Occupational Injury among Industrial Workers in the Bahir Dar City of Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Ethiopia is one of the economically fastest growing countries in the world. Industries in Ethiopia are booming, and Bahir Dar is one of the industrial zones in the country. The city administration is planning to recruit the majority of the workforce in these industries. However, injuries related to occupations in the industries are not that much studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational injury and its associated factors among industrial workers in the Bahir Dar city of Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 846 study participants from each stratum (small-, medium-, and large-scale industries). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Binary logistic regression was employed to determine the existence of an association between dependent and independent variables. Result: A total of 803 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95%. The mean age of respondents was 28.9 years (SD ± 8 years). Five hundred nine (63.4%) were occupationally injured in the last 12 months. Sex (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI = (2.53-5.29)), employment status (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = (3.31-16.22)), regular health and safety supervision (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI= (1.79-3.96)), training prior to entry to actual work (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI= (2.14-4.74)), and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI= (1.74-3.56)) were significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion: The prevalence of occupational injury in this research is found to be very high. It is advisable to provide sustainable training and regular occupational health and safety supervision for industrial workers in the city. Moreover, research has to be conducted to know the reasons for the difference in the prevalence of occupational injury between large-, medium-, and small-scale industries.

Determinants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at Felegehiwot specialized hospital, North West Ethiopia: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population alongside an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify determinants of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cancer among individuals who diagnosed at the Felegehiwot specialized hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS: An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at the Felegehiwot Specialized hospital from December 2018 up to June 2019. The sample size calculated using the two-population proportion formula. The final sample size was 486, (162 cases and 324 controls). The simple random sampling method was employed to catch up with the estimated samples. The collected data entered into the Epi-data version 3.1 software and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Descriptive statistics computed. Simple logistic analysis was run (at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) to identify the determinants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULT: A total of 486 patients participated. Nearly one-third of the cases and controls were in the age group of 46-60 years. About 90% of cases and 91% of controls were orthodox Christian. Monthly income of ≤28 dollars (AOR = 2. 73, 95%CI: 1. 8, 4.2), male sex (AOR = 1. 8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.8), ever had chemical exposure, (AOR = 11. 9, 95%CI: 7.6, 18.8), no regular physical exercise (AOR = 15. 5, 95%CI: 5.7, 42.3), and having hypertension [AOR = 0. 03; 95%CI:0.005, 0.2), lung disease (AOR = 0. 2; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.7), and chronic kidney and cardiac diseases (AOR = 0. 06; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.2) were the determinants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this study suggest that having a low monthly income, being male sex, ever had chemical exposure, not engaged in regular physical exercise, and being diabetic were the determinants of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Magnitude of Cryptococcal Antigenemia among HIV Infected Patients at a Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is one of the common opportunistic fungal infections among HIV infected patients living in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The magnitude of the disease at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH) in particular and in Ethiopia at large is not well explored. METHODS: A retrospective document review and analysis was done on records of 137 HIV infected patients who visited FHRH ART clinic from 1 Sep to 30 Dec 2016 and had registered data on their sex, age, CD4 count and cryptococcal antigen screening result. The cryptoccocal antigen (CrAg) detection was done by the IMMY CrAg® LFA (Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay) kit from patient serum as per the manufacturer's instruction. All data were entered, cleared, and analyzed using SPSS v20. Descriptive data analysis and cross tabulation were done to assess factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than or equal to 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the participants, 54.7% (75/137), included in the study were females. The median age of the participants was 32.0 years (ranged: 8-52 years). The mean CD4 count was 51.8 with SD of 26.3 (range 3-98). All the patients were HIV stage IV. The proportion of positive cryptococal antigen from serum test was at 11.7% (95% CI: 7.3-18.1%). The IMMY CrAg® LFA result was found statically associated with patient sex (p= 0.045). However, it was not associated with patient age group and the CD4 count (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided baseline data on the magnitude of cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV positive patients that is not touched before in the studied area. The results of the study showed that this opportunistic fungal infection is an important health concern among HIV patients. Further studies with sound design employing adequate sample size should be considered.