Caracterización nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal / Nutritional characterization in patients hospitalized in the neonatal intensivecare unit

Introducción: Los pacientes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos son susceptible de presentar riesgo nutricional debido a las dificultades en adaptarse al medio extrauterino, enfermedades asociadas a la prematuridad, entre otros factores.Objetivo: Describir las características nutricionales de la población de pacientes hospitalizados en unidad neonatal de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario de alta complejidad.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal de la cohorte de recién nacidos prematuros hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN), en un hospital de alta complejidad de Colombia. La clasificación nutricional se basó en medidas antropométricas a partir de la interpretación de curvas de Fenton y revisión de antecedentes perinatales.Resultados: 51 pacientes fueron estudiados, en su mayoría de sexo femenino y edad gestacional entre ≥28 y < 32 semanas (n=40, 78.43%), con una mediana de estancia hospitalaria de 41 días (IQR=12). A partir de la evaluación nutricional al ingreso, se identificó un peso para la edad gestacional adecuado (percentil ≥10 y < 90) en 88,24% de los neonatos, con implementación de nutrición parenteral para todos los pacientes, evolucionando hasta la vía oral como método de ingesta al egreso. La principal enfermedad digestiva identificada fue la enterocolitis necrosante y como otras enfermedades de interés, se resalta la infección severa y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria.Conclusiones: A partir de la evaluación nutricional, se identificaron alteraciones nutricionales relacionadas con el peso para la edad gestacional y la velocidad de crecimiento en la UCIN que requieren de especial atención e intervención, por lo que se recomienda disponer de una evaluación y seguimiento nutricional sistemático en los pacientes desde el ingreso.(AU)

Introduction: Patients in intensive care units are likely topresent nutritional risk due to difficulties in adapting to theextrauterine environment, diseases associated with prematu-rity, among other factors.Objective: To describe the nutritional characteristics ofpatients hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of ahigh complexity hospital. Methods: Longitudinal descriptive study. We analyze thecohort of premature newborns hospitalized in the NeonatalIntensive Care Unit (NICU), in a high complexity hospital Colombia. Nutritional classification was based on anthropo-metric measurements from the interpretation of Fentoncurves and review of perinatal history. Results: 51 patients were studied, mostly female and ges-tational age between ≥28 and <32 weeks (n=40, 78.43%),with a median length of stay of 41 days (IQR=12). From thenutritional evaluation at admission, an adequate weight forgestational age (percentile ≥10 and <90) was identified in88.24% of the neonates, with implementation of parenteralnutrition for all patients, evolving to the oral route as amethod of intake at discharge. The main digestive diseaseidentified was necrotizing enterocolitis and, like other dis-eases of interest, severe infection and respiratory distresssyndrome stand out. Conclusions: Based on the nutritional evaluation, nutri-tional alterations related to weight for gestational age andgrowth rate in the NICU were identified, which require specialattention and intervention, so it is recommended to have asystematic nutritional evaluation and follow-up in patientsfrom admission.(AU)

Corrigendum: Cross-reactive humoral and CD4+ T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241038.].

Cross-reactive humoral and CD4+ T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population.

The SARS CoV-2 antibody and CD4+ T cell responses induced by natural infection and/or vaccination decline over time and cross-recognize other viral variants at different levels. However, there are few studies evaluating the levels and durability of the SARS CoV-2-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell response against the Mu, Gamma, and Delta variants. Here, we examined, in two ambispective cohorts of naturally-infected and/or vaccinated individuals, the titers of anti-RBD antibodies and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells up to 6 months after the last antigen exposure. In naturally-infected individuals, the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response declined 6 months post-symptoms onset. However, the kinetic observed depended on the severity of the disease, since individuals who developed severe COVID-19 maintained the binding antibody titers. Also, there was detectable binding antibody cross-recognition for the Gamma, Mu, and Delta variants, but antibodies poorly neutralized Mu. COVID-19 vaccines induced an increase in antibody titers 15-30 days after receiving the second dose, but these levels decreased at 6 months. However, as expected, a third dose of the vaccine caused a rise in antibody titers. The dynamics of the antibody response upon vaccination depended on the previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Lower levels of vaccine-induced antibodies were associated with the development of breakthrough infections. Vaccination resulted in central memory spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses that cross-recognized peptides from the Gamma and Mu variants, and their duration also depended on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In addition, we found cross-reactive CD4+ T cell responses in unexposed and unvaccinated individuals. These results have important implications for vaccine design for new SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern.

Riesgo nutricional y desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en una red hospitalaria de alta complejidad / Nutritional risk and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in a high-complexity hospital network

Introducción: la identificación del riesgo nutricional al ingreso hospitalario es importante para establecer intervenciones oportunas en el ciclo de atención del paciente con COVID-19, debido al alto riesgo de asociarse a complicaciones.Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el nivel de riesgo nutricional al ingreso y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 atendidos entre marzo y octubre de 2020 en una red de dos instituciones hospitalarias de Colombia.Metodología: estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de COVID-19 y valorados por el Servicio de Nutrición con la escala de identificación de riesgo nutricional en emergencias, adaptada de la escala NRS 2002. Se analizó como resultado principal la mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días y como secundarios, la estancia hospitalaria, el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica.Resultados:se incluyeron 1230 pacientes, con edad promedio de 65,43 ± 15,90 años, principalmente hombres (57,1 %, n = 702). Se identificó un alto riesgo nutricional (≥ 2 puntos) en el 74,3 % (n = 914). Se evidenció que los pacientes con alto riesgo nutricional tenían una mayor probabilidad de muerte intrahospitalaria a 28 días (HR: 1,64; IC 95 %: 1,11-2,44) y un mayor riesgo de requerir ventilación mecánica (OR = 1,78; IC 95 %: 1,11-2,86), de ingreso en la UCI (OR = 1,478; IC 95 %: 1,05-2,09) y de estancia hospitalaria superior a 7 días (OR = 1,91; IC 95 %: 1,47-2,48).Conclusiones: los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 y riesgo nutricional alto presentaron una mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días significativamente mayor y una mayor probabilidad de requerir ventilación mecánica y atención en la UCI, así como estancias hospitalarias prolongadas. (AU)

Introduction: the identification of nutritional risk at hospital admission is important to establish timely interventions in the COVID-19 patient care cycle, due to a high risk of it being associated with complications.Objective: to determine the association between the level of nutritional risk upon admission and in-hospital mortality at 28 days in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated between March and October 2020 in two hospital institutions in Colombia.Methods: a retrospective, observational study. Hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included and assessed by the Nutrition Service using the nutritional risk identification in emergencies scale, adapted from the NRS 2002 scale. In-hospital mortality at 28 days was analyzed as the primary endpoint, and hospital stay, admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and requirement for mechanical ventilation as secondary endpoints.Results: a total of 1230 patients were included, with a mean age of 65.43 ± 15.90 years, mainly men (57.1 %, n = 702). A high nutritional risk (≥ 2 points) was identified in 74.3 % (n = 914). Patients with a high nutritional risk had a greater probability of in-hospital death at 28 days (HRadj: 1.64; 95 % CI: 1.11-2.44), and a greater risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.11-2.86) or ICU admission (OR = 1.478; 95 % CI: 1.05-2.09), as well as hospital stay longer than 7 days (OR = 1.91; 95 % CI: 1.47-2.48).Conclusions: patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 at high nutritional risk had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality at 28 days and a higher probability of requiring mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and prolonged hospital stay. (AU)

[Nutritional risk and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in a high-complexity hospital network]. / Riesgo nutricional y desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en una red hospitalaria de alta complejidad.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the identification of nutritional risk at hospital admission is important to establish timely interventions in the COVID-19 patient care cycle, due to a high risk of it being associated with complications. Objective: to determine the association between the level of nutritional risk upon admission and in-hospital mortality at 28 days in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated between March and October 2020 in two hospital institutions in Colombia. Methods: a retrospective, observational study. Hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included and assessed by the Nutrition Service using the nutritional risk identification in emergencies scale, adapted from the NRS 2002 scale. In-hospital mortality at 28 days was analyzed as the primary endpoint, and hospital stay, admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and requirement for mechanical ventilation as secondary endpoints. Results: a total of 1230 patients were included, with a mean age of 65.43 ± 15.90 years, mainly men (57.1 %, n = 702). A high nutritional risk (≥ 2 points) was identified in 74.3 % (n = 914). Patients with a high nutritional risk had a greater probability of in-hospital death at 28 days (HRadj: 1.64; 95 % CI: 1.11-2.44), and a greater risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.11-2.86) or ICU admission (OR = 1.478; 95 % CI: 1.05-2.09), as well as hospital stay longer than 7 days (OR = 1.91; 95 % CI: 1.47-2.48). Conclusions: patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 at high nutritional risk had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality at 28 days and a higher probability of requiring mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and prolonged hospital stay.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la identificación del riesgo nutricional al ingreso hospitalario es importante para establecer intervenciones oportunas en el ciclo de atención del paciente con COVID-19, debido al alto riesgo de asociarse a complicaciones. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el nivel de riesgo nutricional al ingreso y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 atendidos entre marzo y octubre de 2020 en una red de dos instituciones hospitalarias de Colombia. Metodología: estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de COVID-19 y valorados por el Servicio de Nutrición con la escala de identificación de riesgo nutricional en emergencias, adaptada de la escala NRS 2002. Se analizó como resultado principal la mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días y como secundarios, la estancia hospitalaria, el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica. Resultados: se incluyeron 1230 pacientes, con edad promedio de 65,43 ± 15,90 años, principalmente hombres (57,1 %, n = 702). Se identificó un alto riesgo nutricional (≥ 2 puntos) en el 74,3 % (n = 914). Se evidenció que los pacientes con alto riesgo nutricional tenían una mayor probabilidad de muerte intrahospitalaria a 28 días (HR: 1,64; IC 95 %: 1,11-2,44) y un mayor riesgo de requerir ventilación mecánica (OR = 1,78; IC 95 %: 1,11-2,86), de ingreso en la UCI (OR = 1,478; IC 95 %: 1,05-2,09) y de estancia hospitalaria superior a 7 días (OR = 1,91; IC 95 %: 1,47-2,48). Conclusiones: los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 y riesgo nutricional alto presentaron una mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 28 días significativamente mayor y una mayor probabilidad de requerir ventilación mecánica y atención en la UCI, así como estancias hospitalarias prolongadas.