RESUMEN
The talus, a highly specialized bone with a unique anatomic design, is crucial for normal ambulation. Although uncommon, talar fractures can be potentially devastating to the patient. Although all talar fractures require appropriate diagnosis and treatment, some require surgical skill for appropriate correction. This article reviews the literature on talar fractures and their treatments.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas/terapia , Astrágalo/lesiones , Traumatismos del Tobillo/terapia , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico , Fracturas Óseas/fisiopatología , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Fracturas Conminutas/cirugía , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/terapia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Astrágalo/irrigación sanguínea , Astrágalo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Open fractures are one of the few lower extremity surgical emergencies. These injuries require immediate treatment. If untreated, severe cases of open fracture can be limb threatening. This article is a review of the literature of open fractures and the current treatment guidelines.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Abiertas/cirugía , Extremidad Inferior/lesiones , Amputación Quirúrgica , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Desbridamiento , Fijadores Externos , Fracturas Conminutas/cirugía , Fracturas Abiertas/clasificación , Fracturas Abiertas/microbiología , Humanos , Irrigación Terapéutica , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Compartment syndrome is a rare but severe complication of lower extremity trauma. This article provides an extensive review of the literature, including incidence, physical examination findings, pathophysiology, compartment pressure evaluation, and surgical decompression techniques. Most of the recent compartment syndrome literature shows case reports of atypical causes of this limb-threatening disorder. Although the emphasis of this article is traumatic compartment syndrome, recent literature on chronic lower extremity compartment syndrome, secondary to exercise or activity, is also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Pie/etiología , Extremidad Inferior/lesiones , Síndromes Compartimentales/diagnóstico , Síndromes Compartimentales/fisiopatología , Síndromes Compartimentales/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Fasciotomía , Pie/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Pierna/cirugía , Examen FísicoRESUMEN
Transitional fractures are a rare injury to the distal tibia that occur only in adolescents because of the asymmetric closure of the physis. These fractures can occur in multiple planes and have varying number of fragments, depending on the amount of closure that has taken place in the distal tibial physis at the time of injury. A thorough evaluation of a suspected transitional fracture requires advanced imaging studies for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. Accuracy is paramount in treatment of these injuries to prevent long-term complications. This article is a review of the literature on transitional fractures, with a case presentation.